1
|
Gerlein LF, Benavides-Guerrero JA, Cloutier SG. Photonic post-processing of a multi-material transparent conductive electrode architecture for optoelectronic device integration. RSC Adv 2024; 14:4748-4758. [PMID: 38318609 PMCID: PMC10840389 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra07103k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Emerging flexible optoelectronic devices require multi-material processing capabilities to fully enable the use of temperature-sensitive substrates and materials. This report demonstrates how photonic sintering enables the processing of materials with very different properties. For example, charge carrier transport/blocking metal-oxides, and transparent conductive silver nanowire-based electrodes ought to be compatible with low-energy and high-throughput processing for integration onto flexible low-temperature substrates. Compared to traditional post-processing methods, we show a rapid fabrication route yielding highly-stable hybrid electrode architectures on polyethylene terephthalate (PET). This architecture consists of an interconnected silver nanowire network encapsulated with a thin crystalline photo-sensitive titanium dioxide (TiO2) coating, allowing both layers to be treated using independent photonic post-processing sintering steps. The first step sinters the nanowires, while the second completes the conversion of the top metal-oxide layer from amorphous to crystalline TiO2. This approach improves on the fabrication speed compared to oven processing, while delivering optical and electrical characteristics comparable to the state of the art. Optimized transparency values reach 85% with haze values down-to 7% at 550 nm, while maintaining a sheet resistance of 18.1 Ω sq.-1. However, this hybrid architecture provides a much stronger resilience to degradation, which we demonstrate through exposure to harsh plasma conditions. In summary, this study shows how carefully-optimized photonic curing post-processing can provide more-stable hybrid architectures while using a multi-material processing technique suitable for high-volume manufacturing on low-temperature substrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Felipe Gerlein
- Department of Electrical Engineering, École de Technologie Supérieure 1100 Notre-Dame Ouest Montréal Canada H3C 1K3
| | | | - Sylvain G Cloutier
- Department of Electrical Engineering, École de Technologie Supérieure 1100 Notre-Dame Ouest Montréal Canada H3C 1K3
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Palneedi H, Patil DR, Priya S, Woo K, Ye J, Woo YM, Hwang YS, Hwang GT, Park JH, Ryu J. Intense Pulsed Light Thermal Treatment of Pb(Zr,Ti)O 3 /Metglas Heterostructured Films Resulting in Extreme Magnetoelectric Coupling of over 20 V cm -1 Oe -1. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2303553. [PMID: 37199707 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202303553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Magnetoelectric (ME) film composites consisting of piezoelectric and magnetostrictive materials are promising candidates for application in magnetic field sensors, energy harvesters, and ME antennas. Conventionally, high-temperature annealing is required to crystallize piezoelectric films, restricting the use of heat-sensitive magnetostrictive substrates that enhance ME coupling. Herein, a synergetic approach is demonstrated for fabricating ME film composites that combines aerosol deposition and instantaneous thermal treatment based on intense pulsed light (IPL) radiation to form piezoelectric Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PZT) thick films on an amorphous Metglas substrate. IPL rapidly anneals PZT films within a few milliseconds without damaging the underlying Metglas. To optimize the IPL irradiation conditions, the temperature distribution inside the PZT/Metglas film is determined using transient photothermal computational simulation. The PZT/Metglas films are annealed using different IPL pulse durations to determine the structure-property relationship. IPL treatment results in an enhanced crystallinity of the PZT, thus improving the dielectric, piezoelectric, and ME properties of the composite films. An ultrahigh off-resonance ME coupling (≈20 V cm-1 Oe-1 ) is obtained for the PZT/Metglas film that is IPL annealed at a pulse width of 0.75 ms (an order of magnitude higher than that reported for other ME films), confirming the potential for next-generation, miniaturized, and high-performance ME devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haribabu Palneedi
- Materials Research Institute/Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Deepak Rajaram Patil
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, South Korea
- Institute of Materials Technology, Yeungnam University, Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan, 38541, South Korea
| | - Shashank Priya
- Materials Research Institute/Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Kyoohee Woo
- Nano-Convergence Manufacturing Systems Research Division, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM), Daejeon, 34103, South Korea
| | - Jiwon Ye
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, South Korea
- Institute of Materials Technology, Yeungnam University, Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan, 38541, South Korea
| | - Yu Mi Woo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering (Department of Aeronautics, Mechanical and Electronic Convergence Engineering), Kumoh National Institute of Technology, 61 Daehak-ro, Gumi, Gyeongbuk, 39177, South Korea
| | - Yun Sik Hwang
- Department of Mechanical Design Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, 61 Daehak-ro, Gumi, Gyeongbuk, 39177, South Korea
| | - Geon-Tae Hwang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, 42601, South Korea
| | - Jung Hwan Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering (Department of Aeronautics, Mechanical and Electronic Convergence Engineering), Kumoh National Institute of Technology, 61 Daehak-ro, Gumi, Gyeongbuk, 39177, South Korea
| | - Jungho Ryu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, South Korea
- Institute of Materials Technology, Yeungnam University, Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan, 38541, South Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, 42601, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ivanišević I, Kovačić M, Zubak M, Ressler A, Krivačić S, Katančić Z, Gudan Pavlović I, Kassal P. Amphiphilic Silver Nanoparticles for Inkjet-Printable Conductive Inks. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:nano12234252. [PMID: 36500875 PMCID: PMC9739383 DOI: 10.3390/nano12234252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The large-scale manufacturing of flexible electronics is nowadays based on inkjet printing technology using specially formulated conductive inks, but achieving adequate wetting of different surfaces remains a challenge. In this work, the development of a silver nanoparticle-based functional ink for printing on flexible paper and plastic substrates is demonstrated. Amphiphilic silver nanoparticles with narrow particle size distribution and good dispersibility were prepared via a two-step wet chemical synthesis procedure. First, silver nanoparticles capped with poly(acrylic acid) were prepared, followed by an amidation reaction with 3-morpholynopropylamine (MPA) to increase their lipophilicity. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to study the interactions between the particles and the dispersion medium in detail. The amphiphilic nanoparticles were dispersed in solvents of different polarity and their physicochemical and rheological properties were determined. A stable ink containing 10 wt% amphiphilic silver nanoparticles was formulated and inkjet-printed on different surfaces, followed by intense pulsed light (IPL) sintering. Low sheet resistances of 3.85 Ω sq-1, 0.57 Ω sq-1 and 19.7 Ω sq-1 were obtained for the paper, coated poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and uncoated polyimide (PI) flexible substrates, respectively. Application of the nanoparticle ink for printed electronics was demonstrated via a simple flexible LED circuit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irena Ivanišević
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marin Kovačić
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marko Zubak
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Antonia Ressler
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, Korkeakoulunkatu 6, P.O. Box 589, 33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Sara Krivačić
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zvonimir Katančić
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Iva Gudan Pavlović
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Petar Kassal
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|