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Urbano N, Scimeca M, Bonanno E, Schillaci O. Radiopharmaceutical preclinical investigation: an accurate and multidisciplinary approach. Curr Radiopharm 2021; 15:157-163. [PMID: 34886790 DOI: 10.2174/1874471014666211209154317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of less expensive and pivotal methodologies, capable to support the researchers in the radiopharmaceutical pre-clinical investigations could provide a crucial incentive for developing biomedical research involved in the realization of tailored target therapies. OBJECTIVE The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the capability of a digital autoradiography system equipped with a laser scanning device to perform [18F]choline biodistribution evaluation in a xenograft mouse model of prostate cancer. METHODS PC3 prostate cancer cells were used to develop xenografts in NOD/SCID mice. The biodistribution of the radiopharmaceutical was evaluated at 30,60 and 120 min after injection in excised organs by using a digital autoradiography system equipped with super resolution laser screen. Histological and immunohistochemical analysis were performed to correlate the [18F]choline uptake with morphological and molecular tumours characteristics. RESULTS Data here reported clearly indicate the possibility to perform accurate biodistribution studies by using the digital autoradiographic system equipped with a super resolution screen. Specifically, a significant increase in the [18F]choline inhibitor uptake in PC3 tumours as compared to heart, bowel, liver and kidney at both 30 and 60 min was observed. More important, the digital autoradiographic system showed signal uptake almost exclusively in the PC3 tumors at 60 min post-injection. Noteworthy, immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated a strong overlapping between the [18F]choline uptake and the proliferation index (Ki67 expression). CONCLUSIONS The use of autoradiography system in pre-clinical investigations could shed new light on the molecular mechanisms that orchestrate the tissues damage induced by therapeutical radiopharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Urbano
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Oncohaematology, Policlinico "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome. Italy
| | - Manuel Scimeca
- Department of Experimental medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome. Italy
| | - Elena Bonanno
- Department of Experimental medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome. Italy
| | - Orazio Schillaci
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome. Italy
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Lee JS, Kim KM, Choi Y, Kim HJ. A Brief History of Nuclear Medicine Physics, Instrumentation, and Data Sciences in Korea. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2021; 55:265-284. [PMID: 34868376 DOI: 10.1007/s13139-021-00721-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We review the history of nuclear medicine physics, instrumentation, and data sciences in Korea to commemorate the 60th anniversary of the Korean Society of Nuclear Medicine. In the 1970s and 1980s, the development of SPECT, nuclear stethoscope, and bone densitometry systems, as well as kidney and cardiac image analysis technology, marked the beginning of nuclear medicine physics and engineering in Korea. With the introduction of PET and cyclotron in Korea in 1994, nuclear medicine imaging research was further activated. With the support of large-scale government projects, the development of gamma camera, SPECT, and PET systems was carried out. Exploiting the use of PET scanners in conjunction with cyclotrons, extensive studies on myocardial blood flow quantification and brain image analysis were also actively pursued. In 2005, Korea's first domestic cyclotron succeeded in producing radioactive isotopes, and the cyclotron was provided to six universities and university hospitals, thereby facilitating the nationwide supply of PET radiopharmaceuticals. Since the late 2000s, research on PET/MRI has been actively conducted, and the advanced research results of Korean scientists in the fields of silicon photomultiplier PET and simultaneous PET/MRI have attracted significant attention from the academic community. Currently, Korean researchers are actively involved in endeavors to solve a variety of complex problems in nuclear medicine using artificial intelligence and deep learning technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Sung Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080 Korea
| | - Kyeong Min Kim
- Department of Isotopic Drug Development, Korea Radioisotope Center for Pharmaceuticals, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Choi
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee-Joung Kim
- Department of Radiological Science, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
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Novel Biological and Molecular Characterization in Radiopharmaceutical Preclinical Design. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10214850. [PMID: 34768368 PMCID: PMC8584913 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10214850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the potential of a digital autoradiography system equipped with a super resolution screen has been evaluated to investigate the biodistribution of a 18F-PSMA inhibitor in a prostate cancer mouse model. Twelve double xenograft NOD/SCID mice (LNCAP and PC3 tumours) were divided into three groups according to post-injection time points of an 18F-PSMA inhibitor. Groups of 4 mice were used to evaluate the biodistribution of the radiopharmaceutical after 30-, 60- and 120-min post-injection. Data here reported demonstrated that the digital autoradiography system is suitable to analyse the biodistribution of an 18F-PSMA inhibitor in both whole small-animal bodies and in single organs. The exposure of both whole mouse bodies and organs on the super resolution screen surface allowed the radioactivity of the PSMA inhibitor distributed in the tissues to be detected and quantified. Data obtained by using a digital autoradiography system were in line with the values detected by the activity calibrator. In addition, the image obtained from the super resolution screen allowed a perfect overlap with the tumour images achieved under the optical microscope. In conclusion, biodistribution studies performed by the autoradiography system allow the microscopical modifications induced by therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals to be studied by comparing the molecular imaging and histopathological data at the sub-cellular level.
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Gaudin É, Thibaudeau C, Arpin L, Leroux JD, Toussaint M, Beaudoin JF, Cadorette J, Paillé M, Pepin CM, Koua K, Bouchard J, Viscogliosi N, Paulin C, Fontaine R, Lecomte R. Performance evaluation of the mouse version of the LabPET II PET scanner. Phys Med Biol 2021; 66:065019. [PMID: 33412542 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/abd952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The LabPET II is a new positron emission tomography technology platform designed to achieve submillimetric spatial resolution imaging using fully pixelated avalanche photodiodes-based detectors and highly integrated parallel front-end processing electronics. The detector was designed as a generic building block to develop devices for preclinical imaging of small to mid-sized animals and for clinical imaging of the human brain. The aim of this work is to assess the physical characteristics and imaging performance of the mouse version of LabPET II scanner following the NEMA NU4-2008 standard and using high resolution phantoms and in vivo imaging applications. A reconstructed spatial resolution of 0.78 mm (0.5 μ l) is measured close to the center of the radial field of view. With an energy window of 350 650 keV, the system absolute sensitivity is 1.2% and its maximum noise equivalent count rate reaches 61.1 kcps at 117 MBq. Submillimetric spatial resolution is achieved in a hot spot phantom and tiny bone structures were resolved with unprecedented contrast in the mouse. These results provide convincing evidence of the capabilities of the LabPET II technology for biomolecular imaging in preclinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Émilie Gaudin
- Sherbrooke Molecular Imaging Center and Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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Jung J, Choi Y, Park K, Kim Y, Jung JH. A diode-based symmetric charge division circuit with grounding path to reduce signal crosstalk and improve detector performance. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON RADIATION AND PLASMA MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1109/trpms.2021.3112184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Deng Z, Deng Y, Chen G. Design and Evaluation of LYSO/SiPM LIGHTENING PET Detector with DTI Sampling Method. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E5820. [PMID: 33076244 PMCID: PMC7650676 DOI: 10.3390/s20205820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) has a wide range of applications in the treatment and prevention of major diseases owing to its high sensitivity and excellent resolution. However, there is still much room for optimization in the readout circuit and fast pulse sampling to further improve the performance of the PET scanner. In this work, a LIGHTENING® PET detector using a 13 × 13 lutetium-yttrium oxyorthosilicate (LYSO) crystal array read out by a 6 × 6 silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) array was developed. A novel sampling method, referred to as the dual time interval (DTI) method, is therefore proposed to realize digital acquisition of fast scintillation pulse. A semi-cut light guide was designed, which greatly improves the resolution of the edge region of the crystal array. The obtained flood histogram shown that all the 13 × 13 crystal pixels can be clearly discriminated. The optimum operating conditions for the detector were obtained by comparing the flood histogram quality under different experimental conditions. An average energy resolution (FWHM) of 14.3% and coincidence timing resolution (FWHM) of 972 ps were measured. The experimental results demonstrated that the LIGHTENING® PET detector achieves extremely high resolution which is suitable for the development of a high performance time-of-flight PET scanner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhou Deng
- School of Information Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; (Y.D.); (G.C.)
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Amirrashedi M, Sarkar S, Ghafarian P, Hashemi Shahraki R, Geramifar P, Zaidi H, Ay MR. NEMA NU-4 2008 performance evaluation of Xtrim-PET: A prototype SiPM-based preclinical scanner. Med Phys 2019; 46:4816-4825. [PMID: 31448421 DOI: 10.1002/mp.13785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Xtrim-PET is a newly designed Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs)-based prototype PET scanner dedicated for small laboratory animal imaging. We present the performance evaluation of the Xtrim-PET scanner following NEMA NU-4 2008 standards to help optimizing scanning protocols which can be achieved through standard and reliable system performance characterization. METHODS The performance assessment was conducted according to the National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) NU-4 2008 standards in terms of spatial resolution, sensitivity, counting rate performance, scatter fraction and image quality. The in vivo imaging capability of the scanner is also showcased through scanning a normal mouse injected with 18 F-FDG. Furthermore, the performance characteristics of the developed scanner are compared with commercially available systems and current prototypes. RESULTS The volumetric spatial resolution at 5 mm radial offset from the central axis of the scanner is 6.81 µl, whereas a peak absolute sensitivity of 2.99% was achieved using a 250-650 keV energy window and a 10 ns timing window. The peak noise-equivalent count rate (NECR) using a mouse-like phantom is 113.18 kcps at 0.34 KBq/cc with 12.5% scatter fraction, whereas the NECR peaked at 82.76 kcps for an activity concentration level of 0.048 KBq/cc with a scatter fraction of 25.8% for rat-like phantom. An excellent uniformity (3.8%) was obtained using NEMA image quality phantom. Recovery coefficients of 90%, 86%, 68%, 40% and 12% were calculated for rod diameters of 5, 4, 3, 2 and 1 mm, respectively. Spill-over ratios for air-filled and water-filled chambers were 35% and 25% without applying any correction for attenuation and Compton scattering effects. CONCLUSION Our findings revealed that beyond compactness, lightweight, easy installation and good energy resolution, the Xtrim-PET prototype presents a reasonable performance making it suitable for preclinical molecular imaging-based research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Amirrashedi
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Sarkar
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pardis Ghafarian
- Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,PET/CT and Cyclotron Center, Masih Daneshvari Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Hashemi Shahraki
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parham Geramifar
- Research Center for Nuclear Medicine, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Habib Zaidi
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, CH-1211, Switzerland.,Geneva University Neurocenter, Geneva University, CH-1205, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB, Groningen, Netherlands.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 500, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mohammad Reza Ay
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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