Monte Carlo simulation of a 2D dynamic multileaf collimator to improve the plan quality in radiotherapy plan: a proof-of-concept study

Dosimetric characteristics of a thin bolus made of variable shape tungsten rubber for photon radiotherapy

In this study, we aim to clarify the dosimetric characteristics of a real time variable shape rubber containing tungsten (STR) as a thin bolus in 6-MV photon radiotherapy. The percentage depth doses (PDDs) and lateral dose profiles (irradiation field = 10 × 10  cm²) in the water-equivalent phantom were measured and compared between no bolus, a commercial 5-mm gel bolus, and 0.5-, 1-, 2-, and 3-mm STR boluses. The characteristics of the PDDs were evaluated according to relative doses at 1 mm depth (D_1mm) and depth of maximum dose (d_max). To determine the distance of the shift caused by the STR bolus, the PDD value at a depth of 100 mm without a bolus was obtained. For each STR thickness, the difference between the depth corresponding to this PDD value and 100 mm was calculated. The penumbra size and width of the 50% dose were evaluated using lateral dose profiles. The D_1mm with no bolus, 5-mm gel bolus, and 0.5-, 1-, 2-, and 3-mm STR boluses were 47.6%, 91.5%, 78.2%, 86.6%, 89.3%, and 89.4%, respectively, and the respective d_max values were 15, 10, 13, 12, 11, and 10 mm. The shifting distance of the 0.5-, 1-, 2-, and 3-mm STR boluses were 2.7, 4.4, 4.8, and 4.9 mm, respectively. There were no differences for those in lateral dose profiles. The 1-mm-thick STR thin bolus shifted the depth dose profile by 4.4 mm and could be used as a customized bolus for photon radiotherapy.