1
|
Félix-Bautista R, Hamad Y, Yáñez-González T, Ochoa-Parra P, Granja C, Martišíková M, Mairani A, Gehrke T. Towards precise LET measurements based on energy deposition of therapeutic ions in Timepix3 detectors. Phys Med Biol 2024; 69:125030. [PMID: 38815613 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ad5267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Objective.There is an increasing interest in calculating and measuring linear energy transfer (LET) spectra in particle therapy in order to assess their impact in biological terms. As such, the accuracy of the particle fluence energy spectra becomes paramount. This study focuses on quantifying energy depositions of distinct proton, helium, carbon, and oxygen ion beams using a silicon pixel detector developed at CERN to determine LET spectra in silicon.Approach.While detection systems have been investigated in this pursuit, the scarcity of detectors capable of providing per-ion data with high spatial and temporal resolution remains an issue. This gap is where silicon pixel detector technology steps in, enabling online tracking of single-ion energy deposition. The used detector consisted of a 300µm thick silicon sensor operated in partial depletion.Main results.During post-processing, artifacts in the acquired signals were identified and methods for their corrections were developed. Subsequently, a correlation between measured and Monte Carlo-based simulated energy deposition distributions was performed, relying on a two-step recalibration approach based on linear and saturating exponential models. Despite the observed saturation effects, deviations were confined below 7% across the entire investigated range of track-averaged LET values in silicon from 0.77 keVµm-1to 93.16 keVµm-1.Significance.Simulated and measured mean energy depositions were found to be aligned within 7%, after applying artifact corrections. This extends the range of accessible LET spectra in silicon to clinically relevant values and validates the accuracy and reliability of the measurements. These findings pave the way towards LET-based dosimetry through an approach to translate these measurements to LET spectra in water. This will be addressed in a future study, extending functionality of treatment planning systems into clinical routine, with the potential of providing ion-beam therapy of utmost precision to cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renato Félix-Bautista
- Heidelberg Institute for Radiation Oncology (HIRO), National Center for Research in Radiation Oncology (NCRO), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Medical Physics in Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yasmin Hamad
- Heidelberg Institute for Radiation Oncology (HIRO), National Center for Research in Radiation Oncology (NCRO), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 226, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 450, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Translational Radiation Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg University Hospital (UKHD) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tomás Yáñez-González
- Department of Medical Physics in Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Currently at Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Leibniz University of Hannover
| | - Pamela Ochoa-Parra
- Heidelberg Institute for Radiation Oncology (HIRO), National Center for Research in Radiation Oncology (NCRO), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Medical Physics in Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 226, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carlos Granja
- ADVACAM, Department of Research and Development, U Pergamenky 12, 17000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Mária Martišíková
- Heidelberg Institute for Radiation Oncology (HIRO), National Center for Research in Radiation Oncology (NCRO), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Medical Physics in Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrea Mairani
- Heidelberg Institute for Radiation Oncology (HIRO), National Center for Research in Radiation Oncology (NCRO), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 450, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tim Gehrke
- Heidelberg Institute for Radiation Oncology (HIRO), National Center for Research in Radiation Oncology (NCRO), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Medical Physics in Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 450, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Motta S, Dal Bello R, Christensen JB, Bossin L, Yukihara EG. Dosimetry of ultra-high dose rate electron beams using thermoluminescence and optically stimulated luminescence detectors. Phys Med Biol 2024; 69:035022. [PMID: 38198704 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ad1cf5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Objective.The aim of this work is to investigate the dose rate dependence of thermoluminescence and optically stimulated luminescence detectors (TLDs and OSLDs) in a wide uniform ultra-high dose rate electron beam and demonstrate the potential use of TLDs and OSLDs to correct the ion recombination in air-filled ionization chambers. This study avoids previously reported complications related to the field size and homogeneity.Approach.Two types of OSLDs (BeO and Al2O3:C) and three types of TLDs (LiF:Mg,Ti, LiF:Mg,Cu,P, CaF2:Tm) were irradiated simultaneously in a uniform 16 MeV electron beam generated by a clinically decommissioned C-Arm LINAC, modified to deliver doses per pulse between 8.3 × 10-4Gy and 1.255 Gy, corresponding to instantaneous dose rates between 2 × 102Gy s-1and 3 × 105Gy s-1. A prototype ultra-thin parallel plate ionization chamber was employed as reference detector.Main results.Reproducible results were achieved both at conventional (standard deviation of the data <2%) and at the highest dose per pulse (standard deviation of the data <4%). No trend in the dose rate response of the TLDs and OSLDs was observed in the investigated dose per pulse range. The Al2O3:C OSLD was found to be the most precise detector, with a standard deviation of the data <2% at all investigated dose rates and dose levels.Significance.The dose rate independence of the investigated TLDs and OSLDs make them good candidates for dosimetry at ultra-high dose rates, at least up to 3 × 105Gy s-1. A dose rate independent method to measure the dose per pulse is proposed, which can be applied to characterize ultra-high dose rate electron beams and correct for ion recombination in ionization chambers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Motta
- Department of Radiation Safety and Security, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- Department of Physics, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - R Dal Bello
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - J B Christensen
- Department of Radiation Safety and Security, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - L Bossin
- Department of Radiation Safety and Security, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - E G Yukihara
- Department of Radiation Safety and Security, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Almeida A, Togno M, Ballesteros-Zebadua P, Franco-Perez J, Geyer R, Schaefer R, Petit B, Grilj V, Meer D, Safai S, Lomax T, Weber DC, Bailat C, Psoroulas S, Vozenin MC. Dosimetric and biologic intercomparison between electron and proton FLASH beams. Radiother Oncol 2024; 190:109953. [PMID: 37839557 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2023.109953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The FLASH effect has been validated in different preclinical experiments with electrons (eFLASH) and protons (pFLASH) operating at an average dose rate above 40 Gy/s. However, no systematic intercomparison of the FLASH effect produced by eFLASHvs. pFLASH has yet been performed and constitutes the aim of the present study. MATERIALS AND METHODS The electron eRT6/Oriatron/CHUV/5.5 MeV and proton Gantry1/PSI/170 MeV were used to deliver conventional (0.1 Gy/s eCONV and pCONV) and FLASH (≥110 Gy/s eFLASH and pFLASH) dose rates. Protons were delivered in transmission. Dosimetric and biologic intercomparisons were performed using previously validated dosimetric approaches and experimental murine models. RESULTS The difference between the average absorbed dose measured at Gantry 1 with PSI reference dosimeters and with CHUV/IRA dosimeters was -1.9 % (0.1 Gy/s) and + 2.5 % (110 Gy/s). The neurocognitive capacity of eFLASH and pFLASH irradiated mice was indistinguishable from the control, while both eCONV and pCONV irradiated cohorts showed cognitive decrements. Complete tumor response was obtained after an ablative dose of 20 Gy delivered with the two beams at CONV and FLASH dose rates. Tumor rejection upon rechallenge indicates that anti-tumor immunity was activated independently of the beam-type and the dose-rate. CONCLUSION Despite major differences in the temporal microstructure of proton and electron beams, this study shows that dosimetric standards can be established. Normal brain protection and tumor control were produced by the two beams. More specifically, normal brain protection was achieved when a single dose of 10 Gy was delivered in 90 ms or less, suggesting that the most important physical parameter driving the FLASH sparing effect might be the mean dose rate. In addition, a systemic anti-tumor immunological memory response was observed in mice exposed to high ablative dose of electron and proton delivered at CONV and FLASH dose rate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Almeida
- Laboratory of Radiation Oncology/Radiation Oncology Service/Department of Oncology/CHUV, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M Togno
- Center for Proton Therapy, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5323, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - P Ballesteros-Zebadua
- Laboratory of Radiation Oncology/Radiation Oncology Service/Department of Oncology/CHUV, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía MVS, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - J Franco-Perez
- Laboratory of Radiation Oncology/Radiation Oncology Service/Department of Oncology/CHUV, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía MVS, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - R Geyer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, lnselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - R Schaefer
- Center for Proton Therapy, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5323, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - B Petit
- Laboratory of Radiation Oncology/Radiation Oncology Service/Department of Oncology/CHUV, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - V Grilj
- Institute of Radiation Physics (IRA)/CHUV, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - D Meer
- Center for Proton Therapy, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5323, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - S Safai
- Center for Proton Therapy, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5323, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - T Lomax
- Center for Proton Therapy, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5323, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - D C Weber
- Center for Proton Therapy, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5323, Villigen, Switzerland; Department of Radiation Oncology, lnselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - C Bailat
- Institute of Radiation Physics (IRA)/CHUV, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - S Psoroulas
- Center for Proton Therapy, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5323, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Marie-Catherine Vozenin
- Laboratory of Radiation Oncology/Radiation Oncology Service/Department of Oncology/CHUV, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Radiotherapy and Radiobiology sector, Radiation Therapy service, University hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Almeida A, Togno M, Ballesteros-Zebadua P, Franco-Perez J, Geyer R, Schaefer R, Petit B, Grilj V, Meer D, Safai S, Lomax T, Weber DC, Bailat C, Psoroulas S, Vozenin MC. Dosimetric and biologic intercomparison between electron and proton FLASH beams. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.20.537497. [PMID: 37131769 PMCID: PMC10153243 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.20.537497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Background and purpose The FLASH effect has been validated in different preclinical experiments with electrons (eFLASH) and protons (pFLASH) operating at a mean dose rate above 40 Gy/s. However, no systematic intercomparison of the FLASH effect produced by e vs. pFLASH has yet been performed and constitutes the aim of the present study. Materials and methods The electron eRT6/Oriatron/CHUV/5.5 MeV and proton Gantry1/PSI/170 MeV were used to deliver conventional (0.1 Gy/s eCONV and pCONV) and FLASH (≥100 Gy/s eFLASH and pFLASH) irradiation. Protons were delivered in transmission. Dosimetric and biologic intercomparisons were performed with previously validated models. Results Doses measured at Gantry1 were in agreement (± 2.5%) with reference dosimeters calibrated at CHUV/IRA. The neurocognitive capacity of e and pFLASH irradiated mice was indistinguishable from the control while both e and pCONV irradiated cohorts showed cognitive decrements. Complete tumor response was obtained with the two beams and was similar between e and pFLASH vs. e and pCONV. Tumor rejection was similar indicating that T-cell memory response is beam-type and dose-rate independent. Conclusion Despite major differences in the temporal microstructure, this study shows that dosimetric standards can be established. The sparing of brain function and tumor control produced by the two beams were similar, suggesting that the most important physical parameter driving the FLASH effect is the overall time of exposure which should be in the range of hundreds of milliseconds for WBI in mice. In addition, we observed that immunological memory response is similar between electron and proton beams and is independent off the dose rate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Almeida
- Laboratory of Radiation Oncology/Radiation Oncology Service/Department of Oncology/CHUV, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M Togno
- Center for Proton Therapy, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5323 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - P Ballesteros-Zebadua
- Laboratory of Radiation Oncology/Radiation Oncology Service/Department of Oncology/CHUV, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía MVS, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - J Franco-Perez
- Laboratory of Radiation Oncology/Radiation Oncology Service/Department of Oncology/CHUV, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía MVS, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - R Geyer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, lnselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - R Schaefer
- Center for Proton Therapy, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5323 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - B Petit
- Laboratory of Radiation Oncology/Radiation Oncology Service/Department of Oncology/CHUV, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - V Grilj
- Institute of Radiation Physics (IRA)/CHUV, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - D Meer
- Center for Proton Therapy, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5323 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - S Safai
- Center for Proton Therapy, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5323 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - T Lomax
- Center for Proton Therapy, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5323 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - D C Weber
- Center for Proton Therapy, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5323 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- Department of Radiation Oncology, lnselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - C Bailat
- Institute of Radiation Physics (IRA)/CHUV, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - S Psoroulas
- Center for Proton Therapy, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5323 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - M C Vozenin
- Laboratory of Radiation Oncology/Radiation Oncology Service/Department of Oncology/CHUV, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bossin L, Plokhikh I, Christensen JB, Gawryluk DJ, Kitagawa Y, Leblans P, Tanabe S, Vandenbroucke D, Yukihara EG. Addressing Current Challenges in OSL Dosimetry Using MgB 4O 7:Ce,Li: State of the Art, Limitations and Avenues of Research. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:3051. [PMID: 37109886 PMCID: PMC10142933 DOI: 10.3390/ma16083051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this work is to review and assess the potential of MgB4O7:Ce,Li to fill in the gaps where the need for a new material for optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dosimetry has been identified. We offer a critical assessment of the operational properties of MgB4O7:Ce,Li for OSL dosimetry, as reviewed in the literature and complemented by measurements of thermoluminescence spectroscopy, sensitivity, thermal stability, lifetime of the luminescence emission, dose response at high doses (>1000 Gy), fading and bleachability. Overall, compared with Al2O3:C, for example, MgB4O7:Ce,Li shows a comparable OSL signal intensity following exposure to ionizing radiation, a higher saturation limit (ca 7000 Gy) and a shorter luminescence lifetime (31.5 ns). MgB4O7:Ce,Li is, however, not yet an optimum material for OSL dosimetry, as it exhibits anomalous fading and shallow traps. Further optimization is therefore needed, and possible avenues of investigation encompass gaining a better understanding of the roles of the synthesis route and dopants and of the nature of defects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lily Bossin
- Department of Radiation Safety and Security, Paul Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland (E.G.Y.)
| | - Igor Plokhikh
- Department of Radiation Safety and Security, Paul Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland (E.G.Y.)
- Laboratory for Multiscale Materials Experiments, Paul Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Jeppe Brage Christensen
- Department of Radiation Safety and Security, Paul Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland (E.G.Y.)
| | - Dariusz Jakub Gawryluk
- Laboratory for Multiscale Materials Experiments, Paul Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Yuuki Kitagawa
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan
| | - Paul Leblans
- Radiology Division, Agfa NV, 2640 Mortsel, Belgium
| | - Setsuhisa Tanabe
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | | | - Eduardo Gardenali Yukihara
- Department of Radiation Safety and Security, Paul Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland (E.G.Y.)
| |
Collapse
|