1
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Experimental discovery of structure–property relationships in ferroelectric materials via active learning. NAT MACH INTELL 2022. [DOI: 10.1038/s42256-022-00460-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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2
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Relative roles of multiple scattering and Fresnel diffraction in the imaging of small molecules using electrons. Ultramicroscopy 2020; 218:113094. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2020.113094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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3
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Kaiser SK, Chen Z, Faust Akl D, Mitchell S, Pérez-Ramírez J. Single-Atom Catalysts across the Periodic Table. Chem Rev 2020; 120:11703-11809. [PMID: 33085890 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 347] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Isolated atoms featuring unique reactivity are at the heart of enzymatic and homogeneous catalysts. In contrast, although the concept has long existed, single-atom heterogeneous catalysts (SACs) have only recently gained prominence. Host materials have similar functions to ligands in homogeneous catalysts, determining the stability, local environment, and electronic properties of isolated atoms and thus providing a platform for tailoring heterogeneous catalysts for targeted applications. Within just a decade, we have witnessed many examples of SACs both disrupting diverse fields of heterogeneous catalysis with their distinctive reactivity and substantially enriching our understanding of molecular processes on surfaces. To date, the term SAC mostly refers to late transition metal-based systems, but numerous examples exist in which isolated atoms of other elements play key catalytic roles. This review provides a compositional encyclopedia of SACs, celebrating the 10th anniversary of the introduction of this term. By defining single-atom catalysis in the broadest sense, we explore the full elemental diversity, joining different areas across the whole periodic table, and discussing historical milestones and recent developments. In particular, we examine the coordination structures and associated properties accessed through distinct single-atom-host combinations and relate them to their main applications in thermo-, electro-, and photocatalysis, revealing trends in element-specific evolution, host design, and uses. Finally, we highlight frontiers in the field, including multimetallic SACs, atom proximity control, and possible applications for multistep and cascade reactions, identifying challenges, and propose directions for future development in this flourishing field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selina K Kaiser
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Zupeng Chen
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dario Faust Akl
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sharon Mitchell
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Javier Pérez-Ramírez
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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4
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Lingerfelt DB, Ganesh P, Jakowski J, Sumpter BG. Understanding Beam-Induced Electronic Excitations in Materials. J Chem Theory Comput 2020; 16:1200-1214. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.9b00792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David B. Lingerfelt
- Nanomaterials Theory Institute, Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Panchapakesan Ganesh
- Nanomaterials Theory Institute, Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Jacek Jakowski
- Nanomaterials Theory Institute, Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
- Computational Sciences and Engineering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Bobby G. Sumpter
- Nanomaterials Theory Institute, Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
- Computational Sciences and Engineering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
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5
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Faucher S, Le Coustumer P, Lespes G. Nanoanalytics: history, concepts, and specificities. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:5267-5281. [PMID: 29549615 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1646-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This article deals with analytical chemistry devoted to nano-objects. A short review presents nano-objects, their singularity in relation to their dimensions, genesis, and possible transformations. The term nano-object is then explained. Nano-object characterization activities are considered and a definition of nanoanalytics is proposed. Parameters and properties for describing nano-objects on an individual scale and on the scale of a population are also presented. They enable the specificities of analytical activities to be highlighted in terms of multi-criteria description strategies and observation scale. Special attention is given to analytical methods, their dimensioning and validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Faucher
- CNRS, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux (IPREM), UMR 5254, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, Helioparc, 2 Avenue Pierre Angot, 64053, PAU, France
| | - Philippe Le Coustumer
- CNRS, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux (IPREM), UMR 5254, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, Helioparc, 2 Avenue Pierre Angot, 64053, PAU, France
- UF STE, Université de Bordeaux, B18, Avenue Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, 33615, PESSAC Cedex, France
| | - Gaëtane Lespes
- CNRS, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux (IPREM), UMR 5254, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, Helioparc, 2 Avenue Pierre Angot, 64053, PAU, France.
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6
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The effect of scanning jitter on geometric phase analysis in STEM images. Ultramicroscopy 2018; 194:167-174. [PMID: 30145381 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2018.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Geometric phase analysis (GPA) is a useful method to map strain distribution in atomically resolved scanning/transmission electron microscopy (S/TEM) images. Nevertheless, the inevitable periodic jitter of electron probe in STEM along the scanning direction due to the interference of electric power supply, including grounding, can give rise to major artifacts, as evidenced by the appearance of satellite spots surrounding all main peaks in the power spectrum of the images. Here we reveal the origin of the image artifacts related to the probe jitter by mapping the image distortion component εxx using the GPA algorithm. The effect is verified by introducing a periodic displacement field to a STEM image simulated from a perfect crystal structure, and the calculated εxx maps show very good agreement with the experimental observations. Based on the quantitative analysis of the images distortion, we propose and test a feasible strategy to eliminate the effect of probe jitter from STEM images. Successful examples illustrate that the approach can help improve the accuracy in quantification of STEM images.
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7
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Schulz F, Ritala J, Krejčí O, Seitsonen AP, Foster AS, Liljeroth P. Elemental Identification by Combining Atomic Force Microscopy and Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy. ACS NANO 2018; 12:5274-5283. [PMID: 29800512 PMCID: PMC6097802 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b08997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
There are currently no experimental techniques that combine atomic-resolution imaging with elemental sensitivity and chemical fingerprinting on single molecules. The advent of using molecular-modified tips in noncontact atomic force microscopy (nc-AFM) has made it possible to image (planar) molecules with atomic resolution. However, the mechanisms responsible for elemental contrast with passivated tips are not fully understood. Here, we investigate elemental contrast by carrying out both nc-AFM and Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) experiments on epitaxial monolayer hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) on Ir(111). The hBN overlayer is inert, and the in-plane bonds connecting nearest-neighbor boron and nitrogen atoms possess strong covalent character and a bond length of only ∼1.45 Å. Nevertheless, constant-height maps of both the frequency shift Δ f and the local contact potential difference exhibit striking sublattice asymmetry. We match the different atomic sites with the observed contrast by comparison with nc-AFM image simulations based on the density functional theory optimized hBN/Ir(111) geometry, which yields detailed information on the origin of the atomic-scale contrast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Schulz
- Department
of Applied Physics, Aalto University School
of Science, P.O. Box 15100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Juha Ritala
- COMP
Center of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science,
P.O. Box 11100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Ondrej Krejčí
- COMP
Center of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science,
P.O. Box 11100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Ari Paavo Seitsonen
- Département
de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure, 24 rue Lhomond, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Adam S. Foster
- COMP
Center of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science,
P.O. Box 11100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
- WPI
Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
- Graduate
School Materials Science in Mainz, Staudinger Weg 9, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Peter Liljeroth
- Department
of Applied Physics, Aalto University School
of Science, P.O. Box 15100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
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8
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Pennycook SJ, Li C, Li M, Tang C, Okunishi E, Varela M, Kim YM, Jang JH. Material structure, properties, and dynamics through scanning transmission electron microscopy. J Anal Sci Technol 2018; 9:11. [PMID: 31258949 PMCID: PMC6560782 DOI: 10.1186/s40543-018-0142-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) has advanced rapidly in the last decade thanks to the ability to correct the major aberrations of the probe-forming lens. Now, atomic-sized beams are routine, even at accelerating voltages as low as 40 kV, allowing knock-on damage to be minimized in beam sensitive materials. The aberration-corrected probes can contain sufficient current for high-quality, simultaneous, imaging and analysis in multiple modes. Atomic positions can be mapped with picometer precision, revealing ferroelectric domain structures, composition can be mapped by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), and charge transfer can be tracked unit cell by unit cell using the EELS fine structure. Furthermore, dynamics of point defects can be investigated through rapid acquisition of multiple image scans. Today STEM has become an indispensable tool for analytical science at the atomic level, providing a whole new level of insights into the complex interplays that control material properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J. Pennycook
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Block EA 07-14, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117575 Singapore
| | - Changjian Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Block EA 07-14, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117575 Singapore
| | - Mengsha Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Block EA 07-14, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117575 Singapore
| | - Chunhua Tang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Block EA 07-14, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117575 Singapore
| | | | - Maria Varela
- Dpt. Física de Materiales, Instituto de Magnetismo Aplicado & Instituto Pluridisciplinar, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Young-Min Kim
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyuck Jang
- Electron Microscopy Research Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, 34133 South Korea
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9
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Liu Z. Third-rank chromatic aberrations of electron lenses. Ultramicroscopy 2017; 185:27-31. [PMID: 29175744 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this paper the third-rank chromatic aberration coefficients of round electron lenses are analytically derived and numerically calculated by Mathematica. Furthermore, the numerical results are cross-checked by the differential algebraic (DA) method, which verifies that all the formulas for the third-rank chromatic aberration coefficients are completely correct. It is hoped that this work would be helpful for further chromatic aberration correction in electron microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiong Liu
- Department of Electronics, School of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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10
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Vénien-Bryan C, Li Z, Vuillard L, Boutin JA. Cryo-electron microscopy and X-ray crystallography: complementary approaches to structural biology and drug discovery. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2017; 73:174-183. [PMID: 28368275 PMCID: PMC5379166 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x17003740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The invention of the electron microscope has greatly enhanced the view scientists have of small structural details. Since its implementation, this technology has undergone considerable evolution and the resolution that can be obtained for biological objects has been extended. In addition, the latest generation of cryo-electron microscopes equipped with direct electron detectors and software for the automated collection of images, in combination with the use of advanced image-analysis methods, has dramatically improved the performance of this technique in terms of resolution. While calculating a sub-10 Å resolution structure was an accomplishment less than a decade ago, it is now common to generate structures at sub-5 Å resolution and even better. It is becoming possible to relatively quickly obtain high-resolution structures of biological molecules, in particular large ones (>500 kDa) which, in some cases, have resisted more conventional methods such as X-ray crystallography or nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Such newly resolved structures may, for the first time, shed light on the precise mechanisms that are essential for cellular physiological processes. The ability to attain atomic resolution may support the development of new drugs that target these proteins, allowing medicinal chemists to understand the intimacy of the relationship between their molecules and targets. In addition, recent developments in cryo-electron microscopy combined with image analysis can provide unique information on the conformational variability of macromolecular complexes. Conformational flexibility of macromolecular complexes can be investigated using cryo-electron microscopy and multiconformation reconstruction methods. However, the biochemical quality of the sample remains the major bottleneck to routine cryo-electron microscopy-based determination of structures at very high resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Vénien-Bryan
- Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie, UMR 7590 CNRS, UPMC, IRD, MNHN, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Zhuolun Li
- Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie, UMR 7590 CNRS, UPMC, IRD, MNHN, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Laurent Vuillard
- Chimie des Protéines, Pôle d’Expertise Biotechnologie, Chimie, Biologie, Institut de Recherches Servier, 125 Chemin de Ronde, 78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Jean Albert Boutin
- Pôle d’Expertise Biotechnologie, Chimie, Biologie, Institut de Recherches Servier, 125 Chemin de Ronde, 78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, France
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