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Morales Rodríguez MP, Magaña-Loaiza OS, Perez-Garcia B, Nieto Calzada LM, Marroquín Gutiérrrez F, Rodríguez-Lara BM. Coherent states of the Laguerre-Gauss modes. OPTICS LETTERS 2024; 49:1489-1492. [PMID: 38489432 DOI: 10.1364/ol.511439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Large quantum photonic systems hold promise for surpassing classical computational limits, yet their state preparation remains a challenge. We propose an alternative approach to study multiparticle dynamics by mapping the excitation mode of these systems to physical properties of the Laguerre-Gauss modes. We construct coherent states establishing a direct link between excitation number dynamics and the evolution of the Laguerre-Gauss modes. This highlights the photon transverse spatial degree of freedom as a versatile platform for testing the fundamental aspects of quantum multiparticle systems.
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2
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Chen J, Qi GZ, Wu Y, Shi Y, Zhao CL, Jin SZ. Partially coherent twisted vector vortex beam enabling manipulation of high-dimensional classical entanglement. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:38305-38317. [PMID: 38017939 DOI: 10.1364/oe.504269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we present a novel form of a partially coherent beam characterized by classical entanglement in higher dimensions. We coin the term "twisted vector vortex (TVV) beam" to describe this phenomenon. Similar to multi-partite quantum entangled states in higher dimensions, the partially coherent twisted vector vortex beam possesses distinct properties such as non-uniform polarization, vortex phase, and twist phase. Through experiments, we offer empirical evidence for these three degrees-of-freedom in the light field. The results demonstrate that the state of the light is inseparable in terms of polarization and orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes. Additionally, the twist phase introduces an additional dimension in controlling the vector vortex beam. This research reveals the possibility of new controlling dimensions in classical entanglement through the chirality of coherence within partially coherent light. Consequently, this opens up new avenues for the utilization of partially coherent light in both classical and quantum domains.
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3
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He Z, Zhang Y, Tong X, Li L, Wang LV. Quantum microscopy of cells at the Heisenberg limit. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2441. [PMID: 37117176 PMCID: PMC10147633 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38191-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Entangled biphoton sources exhibit nonclassical characteristics and have been applied to imaging techniques such as ghost imaging, quantum holography, and quantum optical coherence tomography. The development of wide-field quantum imaging to date has been hindered by low spatial resolutions, speeds, and contrast-to-noise ratios (CNRs). Here, we present quantum microscopy by coincidence (QMC) with balanced pathlengths, which enables super-resolution imaging at the Heisenberg limit with substantially higher speeds and CNRs than existing wide-field quantum imaging methods. QMC benefits from a configuration with balanced pathlengths, where a pair of entangled photons traversing symmetric paths with balanced optical pathlengths in two arms behave like a single photon with half the wavelength, leading to a two-fold resolution improvement. Concurrently, QMC resists stray light up to 155 times stronger than classical signals. The low intensity and entanglement features of biphotons in QMC promise nondestructive bioimaging. QMC advances quantum imaging to the microscopic level with significant improvements in speed and CNR toward the bioimaging of cancer cells. We experimentally and theoretically prove that the configuration with balanced pathlengths illuminates an avenue for quantum-enhanced coincidence imaging at the Heisenberg limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe He
- Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., MC 138-78, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Yide Zhang
- Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., MC 138-78, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Xin Tong
- Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., MC 138-78, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Lei Li
- Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., MC 138-78, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Lihong V Wang
- Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., MC 138-78, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
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4
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Salari V, Paneru D, Saglamyurek E, Ghadimi M, Abdar M, Rezaee M, Aslani M, Barzanjeh S, Karimi E. Quantum face recognition protocol with ghost imaging. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2401. [PMID: 36765078 PMCID: PMC9918728 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25280-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Face recognition is one of the most ubiquitous examples of pattern recognition in machine learning, with numerous applications in security, access control, and law enforcement, among many others. Pattern recognition with classical algorithms requires significant computational resources, especially when dealing with high-resolution images in an extensive database. Quantum algorithms have been shown to improve the efficiency and speed of many computational tasks, and as such, they could also potentially improve the complexity of the face recognition process. Here, we propose a quantum machine learning algorithm for pattern recognition based on quantum principal component analysis, and quantum independent component analysis. A novel quantum algorithm for finding dissimilarity in the faces based on the computation of trace and determinant of a matrix (image) is also proposed. The overall complexity of our pattern recognition algorithm is [Formula: see text]-N is the image dimension. As an input to these pattern recognition algorithms, we consider experimental images obtained from quantum imaging techniques with correlated photons, e.g. "interaction-free" imaging or "ghost" imaging. Interfacing these imaging techniques with our quantum pattern recognition processor provides input images that possess a better signal-to-noise ratio, lower exposures, and higher resolution, thus speeding up the machine learning process further. Our fully quantum pattern recognition system with quantum algorithm and quantum inputs promises a much-improved image acquisition and identification system with potential applications extending beyond face recognition, e.g., in medical imaging for diagnosing sensitive tissues or biology for protein identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Salari
- grid.22072.350000 0004 1936 7697Department of Physics and Astronomy, Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4 Canada ,grid.462072.50000 0004 0467 2410BCAM - Basque Center for Applied Mathematics, Alameda de Mazarredo 14, 48009 Bilbao, Basque Country Spain
| | - Dilip Paneru
- grid.28046.380000 0001 2182 2255Nexus for Quantum Technologies, University of Ottawa, 25 Templeton Street, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5 Canada
| | - Erhan Saglamyurek
- grid.22072.350000 0004 1936 7697Department of Physics and Astronomy, Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4 Canada ,grid.17089.370000 0001 2190 316XDepartment of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1 Canada
| | - Milad Ghadimi
- grid.411751.70000 0000 9908 3264Department of Physics, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 8415683111 Iran
| | - Moloud Abdar
- grid.1021.20000 0001 0526 7079Institute for Intelligent Systems Research and Innovation (IISRI), Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Mohammadreza Rezaee
- grid.28046.380000 0001 2182 2255Nexus for Quantum Technologies, University of Ottawa, 25 Templeton Street, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5 Canada
| | - Mehdi Aslani
- grid.411751.70000 0000 9908 3264Department of Physics, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 8415683111 Iran
| | - Shabir Barzanjeh
- grid.22072.350000 0004 1936 7697Department of Physics and Astronomy, Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - Ebrahim Karimi
- Nexus for Quantum Technologies, University of Ottawa, 25 Templeton Street, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada. .,National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada.
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5
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Gui G, Brooks NJ, Wang B, Kapteyn HC, Murnane MM, Liao CT. Single-Frame Characterization of Ultrafast Pulses with Spatiotemporal Orbital Angular Momentum. ACS PHOTONICS 2022; 9:2802-2808. [PMID: 35996367 PMCID: PMC9389650 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.2c00626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Light that carries spatiotemporal orbital angular momentum (ST-OAM) makes possible new types of optical vortices arising from transverse OAM. ST-OAM pulses exhibit novel properties during propagation, transmission, refraction, diffraction, and nonlinear conversion, attracting growing experimental and theoretical interest and studies. However, one major challenge is the lack of a simple and straightforward method for characterizing ultrafast ST-OAM pulses. Using spatially resolved spectral interferometry, we demonstrate a simple, stationary, single-frame method to quantitatively characterize ultrashort light pulses carrying ST-OAM. Using our method, the presence of an ST-OAM pulse, including its main characteristics such as topological charge numbers and OAM helicity, can be identified easily from the unique and unambiguous features directly seen on the raw data-without any need for a full analysis of the data. After processing and reconstructions, other exquisite features, including pulse dispersion and beam divergence, can also be fully characterized. Our fast characterization method allows high-throughput and quick feedback during the generation and optical alignment processes of ST-OAM pulses. It is straightforward to extend our method to single-shot measurement by using a high-speed camera that matches the pulse repetition rate. This new method can help advance the field of spatially and temporally structured light and its applications in advanced metrologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan Gui
- JILA
and Department of Physics, University of
Colorado and NIST, 440 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Nathan J. Brooks
- JILA
and Department of Physics, University of
Colorado and NIST, 440 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Bin Wang
- JILA
and Department of Physics, University of
Colorado and NIST, 440 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Henry C. Kapteyn
- JILA
and Department of Physics, University of
Colorado and NIST, 440 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- KMLabs
Inc., 4775 Walnut Street, Suite 102, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
| | - Margaret M. Murnane
- JILA
and Department of Physics, University of
Colorado and NIST, 440 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Chen-Ting Liao
- JILA
and Department of Physics, University of
Colorado and NIST, 440 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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Zhan Q. Entanglement goes classically high-dimensional. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2021; 10:81. [PMID: 33859161 PMCID: PMC8050202 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-021-00521-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Laser beams from a customarily designed resonator can produce vectorial structured light fields as classical analogs to high-dimensional multipartite quantum entangled states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwen Zhan
- School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
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7
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Nonlocal single particle steering generated through single particle entanglement. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6744. [PMID: 33762587 PMCID: PMC7990968 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85508-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In 1927, at the Solvay conference, Einstein posed a thought experiment with the primary intention of showing the incompleteness of quantum mechanics; to prove it, he employed the instantaneous nonlocal effects caused by the collapse of the wavefunction of a single particle-the spooky action at a distance-, when a measurement is done. This historical event preceded the well-know Einstein-Podolsk-Rosen criticism over the incompleteness of quantum mechanics. Here, by using the Stern-Gerlach experiment, we demonstrate how the instantaneous nonlocal feature of the collapse of the wavefunction together with the single-particle entanglement can be used to produce the nonlocal effect of steering, i.e. the single-particle steering. In the steering process Bob gets a quantum state depending on which observable Alice decides to measure. To accomplish this, we fully exploit the spreading (over large distances) of the entangled wavefunction of the single-particle. In particular, we demonstrate that the nonlocality of the single-particle entangled state allows the particle to "know" about the kind of detector Alice is using to steer Bob's state. Therefore, notwithstanding strong counterarguments, we prove that the single-particle entanglement gives rise to truly nonlocal effects at two faraway places. This opens the possibility of using the single-particle entanglement for implementing truly nonlocal task.
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8
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Qureshi T. Predictability, distinguishability, and entanglement. OPTICS LETTERS 2021; 46:492-495. [DOI: 10.1364/ol.415556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent times have seen a spurt of research activity focused on “completing” certain wave-particle duality relations using entanglement or polarization. These studies use a duality relation involving path-predictability, and not path-distinguishability. Quantum origins of these results are explored here, in the more general framework of multipath quantum interference. Multipath interference with a path-detector is theoretically analyzed to find the connection between predictability and distinguishability. It is shown that entanglement is what quantitatively connects distinguishability with predictability. Thus, a duality relation between distinguishability and coherence can also be viewed as a triality between predictability, entanglement, and coherence. There exist two different kinds of duality relations in the literature, which pertain to two different kinds of interference experiments, with or without a path-detector. Results of this study show that the two duality relations are quantitatively connected via entanglement. The roots of the new, to the best of our knowledge, results in the classical optical domain, including the polarization coherence theorem, can be understood in the light of this work.
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Bouchard F, Sit A, Zhang Y, Fickler R, Miatto FM, Yao Y, Sciarrino F, Karimi E. Two-photon interference: the Hong-Ou-Mandel effect. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2021; 84:012402. [PMID: 33232945 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/abcd7a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nearly 30 years ago, two-photon interference was observed, marking the beginning of a new quantum era. Indeed, two-photon interference has no classical analogue, giving it a distinct advantage for a range of applications. The peculiarities of quantum physics may now be used to our advantage to outperform classical computations, securely communicate information, simulate highly complex physical systems and increase the sensitivity of precise measurements. This separation from classical to quantum physics has motivated physicists to study two-particle interference for both fermionic and bosonic quantum objects. So far, two-particle interference has been observed with massive particles, among others, such as electrons and atoms, in addition to plasmons, demonstrating the extent of this effect to larger and more complex quantum systems. A wide array of novel applications to this quantum effect is to be expected in the future. This review will thus cover the progress and applications of two-photon (two-particle) interference over the last three decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Bouchard
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Advanced Research Complex, 25 Templeton Street, Ottawa ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Alicia Sit
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Advanced Research Complex, 25 Templeton Street, Ottawa ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Yingwen Zhang
- National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Robert Fickler
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Advanced Research Complex, 25 Templeton Street, Ottawa ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Filippo M Miatto
- Télécom Paris, LTCI, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 19 Place Marguerite Peray, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Yuan Yao
- Télécom Paris, LTCI, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 19 Place Marguerite Peray, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Fabio Sciarrino
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Ebrahim Karimi
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Advanced Research Complex, 25 Templeton Street, Ottawa ON K1N 6N5, Canada
- National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
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