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Han Y, Gao B, Wen H, Ma C, Huo J, Li Y, Zhou L, Li Q, Wu G, Liu L. Pure-high-even-order dispersion bound solitons complexes in ultra-fast fiber lasers. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2024; 13:101. [PMID: 38705921 PMCID: PMC11070426 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-024-01451-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Temporal solitons have been the focus of much research due to their fascinating physical properties. These solitons can form bound states, which are fundamentally crucial modes in fiber laser and present striking analogies with their matter molecules counterparts, which means they have potential applications in large-capacity transmission and all-optical information storage. Although traditionally, second-order dispersion has been the dominant dispersion for conventional solitons, recent experimental and theoretical research has shown that pure-high-even-order dispersion (PHEOD) solitons with energy-width scaling can arise from the interaction of arbitrary negative-even-order dispersion and Kerr nonlinearity. Despite these advancements, research on the bound states of PHEOD solitons is currently non-existent. In this study, we obtained PHEOD bound solitons in a fiber laser using an intra-cavity spectral pulse shaper for high-order dispersion management. Specifically, we experimentally demonstrate the existence of PHEOD solitons and PHEOD bound solitons with pure-quartic, -sextic, -octic, and -decic dispersion. Numerical simulations corroborate these experimental observations. Furthermore, vibrating phase PHEOD bound soliton pairs, sliding phase PHEOD bound soliton pairs, and hybrid phase PHEOD bound tri-soliton are discovered and characterized. These results broaden the fundamental understanding of solitons and show the universality of multi-soliton patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Han
- College of Communication Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Bo Gao
- College of Communication Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
| | - Honglin Wen
- College of Communication Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Chunyang Ma
- Research Center of Circuits and Systems, Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Jiayu Huo
- College of Communication Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Yingying Li
- College of Communication Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Luyao Zhou
- College of Communication Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Qi Li
- College of Communication Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Ge Wu
- College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
| | - Lie Liu
- College of Communication Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
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Yuan Z, Luo S, Dai K, Yao X, Tao C, Ling Q, Zhang Y, Guan Z, Chen D, Cui Y. Transient breathing dynamics during extinction of dissipative solitons in mode-locked fiber lasers. FRONTIERS OF OPTOELECTRONICS 2024; 17:2. [PMID: 38240874 PMCID: PMC10798939 DOI: 10.1007/s12200-024-00106-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
The utilization of the dispersive Fourier transformation approach has enabled comprehensive observation of the birth process of dissipative solitons in fiber lasers. However, there is still a dearth of deep understanding regarding the extinction process of dissipative solitons. In this study, we have utilized a combination of experimental and numerical techniques to thoroughly examine the breathing dynamics of dissipative solitons during the extinction process in an Er-doped mode-locked fiber laser. The results demonstrate that the transient breathing dynamics have a substantial impact on the extinction stage of both steady-state and breathing-state dissipative solitons. The duration of transient breathing exhibits a high degree of sensitivity to variations in pump power. Numerical simulations are utilized to produce analogous breathing dynamics within the framework of a model that integrates equations characterizing the population inversion in a mode-locked laser. These results corroborate the role of Q-switching instability in the onset of breathing oscillations. Furthermore, these findings offer new possibilities for the advancement of various operational frameworks for ultrafast lasers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zichuan Yuan
- Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Studies, Zhejiang Normal University, Hangzhou, 311231, China
| | - Si Luo
- Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Studies, Zhejiang Normal University, Hangzhou, 311231, China
- Key Laboratory of Optical Information Detection and Display Technology of Zhejiang, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Ke Dai
- Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Studies, Zhejiang Normal University, Hangzhou, 311231, China
| | - Xiankun Yao
- School of Physics, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China
| | - Chenning Tao
- Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Studies, Zhejiang Normal University, Hangzhou, 311231, China
- Key Laboratory of Optical Information Detection and Display Technology of Zhejiang, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Qiang Ling
- Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Studies, Zhejiang Normal University, Hangzhou, 311231, China
- Key Laboratory of Optical Information Detection and Display Technology of Zhejiang, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Yusheng Zhang
- Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Studies, Zhejiang Normal University, Hangzhou, 311231, China.
- Key Laboratory of Optical Information Detection and Display Technology of Zhejiang, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China.
| | - Zuguang Guan
- Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Studies, Zhejiang Normal University, Hangzhou, 311231, China
- Key Laboratory of Optical Information Detection and Display Technology of Zhejiang, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Daru Chen
- Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Studies, Zhejiang Normal University, Hangzhou, 311231, China
- Key Laboratory of Optical Information Detection and Display Technology of Zhejiang, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Yudong Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
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Wang Q, Wang P, Shi Z, Xu Q, Sun S, He J, Wang Z, Liu YG. "Invisible" pulsation and period-doubling bifurcation of harmonic mode locking in a bidirectional fiber laser. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:6160-6163. [PMID: 38039216 DOI: 10.1364/ol.504862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
The harmonic mode-locking (HML) "invisible" pulsation (IP) is reported, here, in a bidirectional passively mode-locked fiber laser (BPMLFL). With the help of dispersive Fourier transform (DFT) technology, it is found that due to the alike nonlinear effects experienced by two pulse trains in HML, their evolution is consistent during the IP. Further, as the increase of pump power, period-doubling bifurcations (PDBs) can be observed based on the IP phenomenon in the HML regime, the PDB path experienced by the HML from steady to chaotic is statistically obtained. Finally, the IP and PDB in the bidirectional laser are reproduced and studied through numerical simulations. The effect of IP on the coherence of solitons is further analyzed. We believe our research results will provide new insights into the study of soliton dynamics in fiber lasers.
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Ma X, Zhang K, Li C, Chen K, Zhou Y, Zhang W, Fang W, Chen X, Huang S, Yu R, Liao M, Ohishi Y, Gao W. Decaying dynamics of harmonic mode-locking in a SESAM-based mode-locked fiber laser. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:36350-36358. [PMID: 38017789 DOI: 10.1364/oe.503737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
The entire decaying dynamics of harmonic mode-locking (HML) are studied utilizing the dispersive Fourier transform (DFT) technique in a SESAM-based mode-locked fiber laser. It is unveiled that the harmonic solitons do not disappear directly, but undergo transitional processes from the higher-order HML to the lower-order HML and then to the fundamental mode-locking (FML), and finally vanish. The "big corner" can also exist in the decaying process rather than just in the buildup process of HML, and there is at least one "big corner" during the decaying process between the consecutive multi-pulsing states. The energy stabilization phase (ESP) cannot be observed during every transitional process. A breathing behavior and a vibrating soliton molecule are observed in the decaying process from the 2nd HML to the FML and in the decaying process of the FML, respectively. Our work would enrich the understanding of HML behaviors and may contribute to the laser designs.
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Sheveleva A, Hamdi S, Coillet A, Finot C, Colman P. Analysis of the dispersive Fourier transform dataset using dynamic mode decomposition: evidence of multiple vibrational modes and their interplay in a three-soliton molecule. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:3015-3018. [PMID: 37262269 DOI: 10.1364/ol.488968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that the dynamic mode decomposition technique can effectively reduce the amount of noise in the dispersive Fourier transform dataset and allow for finer quantitative analysis of the experimental data. We therefore show that the oscillation pattern of a soliton molecule actually results from the interplay of several elementary vibration modes.
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Han Y, Gao B, Wu G, Huo JY, Wen HL, Li YY, Liu L, Ma CY. Creeping and erupting dynamics in a pure-quartic soliton fiber laser. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:1787-1798. [PMID: 36785206 DOI: 10.1364/oe.478676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Pure-quartic solitons (PQSs) are gradually becoming a hotspot in recent years due to their potential advantage to achieve high energy. Meanwhile, the fundamental research of PQSs is still in the fancy stage, and exploring soliton dynamics can promote the development of PQSs. Herein, we comprehensively and numerically investigate the impact of saturation power, small-signal gain, and output coupler on PQS dynamics in passively mode-locked fiber lasers. The result indicates that altering the above parameters makes PQSs exhibit pulsating or creeping dynamics similar to traditional solitons. Moreover, introducing an intra-cavity filter combined with intra-cavity large fourth-order dispersion makes PQSs go through stationary, pulsating to erupting. That is, the intra-cavity filter changes PQS dynamics. These findings provide new insights into PQS dynamics in fiber lasers.
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Gao Z, Mei T. Spectro-temporal evolution of mode-locked lasing in fiber frequency-shifted feedback laser. OPTICS LETTERS 2022; 47:4973-4976. [PMID: 36181164 DOI: 10.1364/ol.469252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
As a type of mode-locked fiber laser, fiber frequency-shifted feedback lasers (FSFLs) have been rarely studied regarding the buildup process of mode locking. We carried out an experimental investigation to show the unique characteristics of the process, such as the direct evolution of the Q switched mode-locked state to the mode-locked state, the unique phenomenon of spectral center frequency oscillation, evolution to a double-pulse state in harmonic mode locking, millisecond stabilization time, and exponentially decreasing change of relative phase per round trip. For the first time, to the best of our knowledge, the double-beam heterodyne method is applied to measure the evolution of laser spectra with pulse width in the nanosecond range. Understanding the unique buildup mechanism may aid in the engineering and application of FSFLs.
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Li Y, Wang C, Huang D, Chen H, Li F. Mutual dynamics between synchronous solitons in a bidirectional mode-locked fiber laser. OPTICS LETTERS 2022; 47:2170-2173. [PMID: 35486752 DOI: 10.1364/ol.455599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this Letter, the mutual dynamics between synchronous solitons in a bidirectional mode-locked fiber laser are studied via dispersive Fourier transform methodology. We explore the spectral evolution and the statistical correlations between solitons with bidirectional propagation, indicating the low and high mutual linear dependences of the spectral energy jitters in stable and breathing mode-locking states, respectively. Moreover, to the best of our knowledge, the oscillating and sliding phase dynamics are experimentally revealed by the interference between bidirectional breathing solitons in ultrafast fiber lasers for the first time. Our findings enrich the understanding of the internal mutual dynamics between bidirectional solitons, which guides the extension of their potential applications, such as Sagnac-effect-based optical sensing.
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Zeng J, Sander MY. Real-time observation of chaotic and periodic explosions in a mode-locked Tm-doped fiber laser. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:7894-7906. [PMID: 35299542 DOI: 10.1364/oe.449744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally characterize the dynamics of soliton explosions in a transient chaotic state between a single and double pulsing state, as well as periodic explosions induced by soliton collisions in a dual wavelength soliton state. These explosions occurring in a thulium-doped linear fiber laser with net anomalous dispersion are characterized with real-time measurements based on a modified time-stretched dispersive Fourier transform method relying on second-harmonic generation.
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Zhang YN, Song ZY, Qiao D, Li XH, Guang Z, Li SP, Zhou LB, Chen XH. 2D van der Waals materials for ultrafast pulsed fiber lasers: review and prospect. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 33:082003. [PMID: 34731847 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac3611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
2D van der Waals materials are crystals composed of atomic layers, which have atomic thickness scale layers and rich distinct properties, including ultrafast optical response, surface effects, light-mater interaction, small size effects, quantum effects and macro quantum tunnel effects. With the exploration of saturable absorption characteristic of 2D van der Waals materials, a series of potential applications of 2D van der Waals materials as high threshold, broadband and fast response saturable absorbers (SAs) in ultrafast photonics have been proposed and confirmed. Herein, the photoelectric characteristics, nonlinear characteristic measurement technique of 2D van der Waals materials and the preparation technology of SAs are systematically described. Furthermore, the ultrafast pulsed fiber lasers based on classical 2D van der Waals materials including graphene, transition metal chalcogenides, topological insulators and black phosphorus have been fully summarized and analyzed. On this basis, opportunities and directions in this field, as well as the research results of ultrafast pulsed fiber lasers based on the latest 2D van der Waals materials (such as PbO, FePSe3, graphdiyne, bismuthene, Ag2S and MXene etc), are reviewed and summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ni Zhang
- Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Department of Physics, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuo-Ying Song
- Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Department of Physics, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Dun Qiao
- University of South Wales, Wireless and Optoelectronics Research and Innovation Centre, Faculty of Computing, Engineering and Science, Pontypridd CF37 1DL, United Kingdom
| | - Xiao-Hui Li
- Shaanxi Normal University, College of Physics and Information Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Guang
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, 837 State Street, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States of America
- School of Computer Science, Georgia Institute of Technology, 266 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States of America
| | - Shao-Peng Li
- Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Department of Physics, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Bin Zhou
- Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Department of Physics, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Han Chen
- Shandong University, School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Technology and Application, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, People's Republic of China
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