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Segervald J, Boulanger N, Salh R, Jia X, Wågberg T. Plasmonic metasurface assisted by thermally imprinted polymer nano‐well array for surface enhanced Raman scattering. NANO SELECT 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/nano.202200010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xueen Jia
- Department of Physics Umeå University Umeå Sweden
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2
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Chen Z, Lu Y, Zhang Q, Zhang D, Li S, Liu Q. Electrochemistry Coupling Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance for Biochemical Detection. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2393:15-35. [PMID: 34837172 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1803-5_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) associated with metal nanostructures has developed into highly useful sensor techniques. LSPR spectroscopy often shows absorption peaks which could be used for biomedical detection. Here we report nanoplasmonic sensors using LSPR on nanostructures such as nanoparticles, nanocups, and nanocones to recognize biomolecular. These sensors can be modified for quantitative detection of explosives and evaluation of enzymatic activity. Electrochemical LSPR sensors can also be designed by coupling electrochemistry and LSPR spectroscopy measurements for biochemical detection. Multiple sensing information can be obtained and electrochemical LSPR property can be investigated for biosensors. In some applications, the electrochemical LSPR biosensor can be used to quantify heavy metal ions, neurotransmitters, and sialic acid. The biosensors exhibit better performance than those of conventional optical LSPR measurements. With multitransducers, the nanoplasmonic biosensor can provide a promising approach for biochemical detection in environmental monitoring, healthcare diagnostics, and food quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zetao Chen
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yanli Lu
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Qingqing Zhang
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Diming Zhang
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Li
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Qingjun Liu
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China.
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3
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Amrollahi P, Zheng W, Monk C, Li CZ, Hu TY. Nanoplasmonic Sensor Approaches for Sensitive Detection of Disease-Associated Exosomes. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:6589-6603. [PMID: 35006963 PMCID: PMC9130051 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are abundantly secreted by most cells that carry membrane and cytosolic factors that can reflect the physiologic state of their source cells and thus have strong potential to serve as biomarkers for early diagnosis, disease staging, and treatment monitoring. However, traditional diagnostic or prognostic applications that might use exosomes are hindered by the lack of rapid and sensitive assays that can exploit their biological information. An array of assay approaches have been developed to address this deficit, including those that integrate immunoassays with nanoplasmonic sensors to measure changes in optical refractive indexes in response to the binding of low concentrations of their targeted molecules. These sensors take advantage of enhanced and tunable interactions between the electron clouds of nanoplasmonic particles and structures and incident electromagnetic radiation to enable isolation-free and ultrasensitive quantification of disease-associated exosome biomarkers present in complex biological samples. These unique advantages make nanoplasmonic sensing one of the most competitive approaches available for clinical applications and point-of-care tests that evaluate exosome-based biomarkers. This review will briefly summarize the origin and clinical utility of exosomes and the limitations of current isolation and analysis approaches before reviewing the specific advantages and limitations of nanoplasmonic sensing devices and indicating what additional developments are necessary to allow the translation of these approaches into clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pouya Amrollahi
- Center of Cellular and Molecular Diagnosis, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
| | - Wenshu Zheng
- Center of Cellular and Molecular Diagnosis, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Chandler Monk
- Center of Cellular and Molecular Diagnosis, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Chen-Zhong Li
- Center of Cellular and Molecular Diagnosis, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Tony Ye Hu
- Center of Cellular and Molecular Diagnosis, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
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4
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Abasahl B, Santschi C, Raziman TV, Martin OJF. Fabrication of plasmonic structures with well-controlled nanometric features: a comparison between lift-off and ion beam etching. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:475202. [PMID: 34348240 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac1a93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
After providing a detailed overview of nanofabrication techniques for plasmonics, we discuss in detail two different approaches for the fabrication of metallic nanostructures based on e-beam lithography. The first approach relies on a negative e-beam resist, followed by ion beam milling, while the second uses a positive e-beam resist and lift-off. Overall, ion beam etching provides smaller and more regular features including tiny gaps between sub-parts, that can be controlled down to about 10 nm. In the lift-off process, the metal atoms are deposited within the resist mask and can diffuse on the substrate, giving rise to the formation of nanoclusters that render the nanostructure outline slightly fuzzy. Scattering cross sections computed for both approaches highlight some spectral differences, which are especially visible for structures that support complex resonances, such as Fano resonances. Both techniques can produce useful nanostructures and the results reported therein should guide the researcher to choose the best suited approach for a given application, depending on the available technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Abasahl
- Nanophotonics and Metrology Laboratory, Swiss Federal Insititute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - C Santschi
- Nanophotonics and Metrology Laboratory, Swiss Federal Insititute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - T V Raziman
- Nanophotonics and Metrology Laboratory, Swiss Federal Insititute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - O J F Martin
- Nanophotonics and Metrology Laboratory, Swiss Federal Insititute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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5
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Li Z, Wang W, Yin Y. Colloidal Assembly and Active Tuning of Coupled Plasmonic Nanospheres. TRENDS IN CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trechm.2020.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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6
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Kubota S, Hiraga K, Kanomata K, Ahmmad B, Mizuno J, Hirose F. Efficient Light Trapping Structures for Organic Photovoltaics Fabricated by Nanoimprint Lithography. J PHOTOPOLYM SCI TEC 2020. [DOI: 10.2494/photopolymer.33.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shigeru Kubota
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University
| | - Kenta Hiraga
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University
| | | | - Bashir Ahmmad
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University
| | - Jun Mizuno
- Research Organization for Nano and Life Innovation, Waseda University
| | - Fumihiko Hirose
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University
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Shahin Shahidan MF, Song J, James TD, Roberts A. Multilevel nanoimprint lithography with a binary mould for plasmonic colour printing. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2020; 2:2177-2184. [PMID: 36132510 PMCID: PMC9416936 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00038h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pigment-free colouration based on plasmonic resonances has recently attracted considerable attention for potential in manufacturing and other applications. For plasmonic colour utilizing the metal-insulator-metal (MIM) configuration, the generated colour is not only dependent on the geometry and transverse dimensions, but also to the size of the vertical gap between the metal nanoparticles and the continuous metal film. The complexity of conventional fabrication methods such as electron beam lithography (EBL), however, limits the capacity to control this critical parameter. Here we demonstrate the straightforward production of plasmonic colour via UV-assisted nanoimprint lithography (NIL) with a simple binary mould and demonstrate the ability to control this gap distance in a single print by harnessing the nanofluidic behaviour of the polymer resist through strategic mould design. We show that this provides a further avenue for controlling the colour reflected by the resulting plasmonic pixels as an adjunct to the conventional approach of tailoring the transverse dimensions of the nanostructures. Our experimental results exhibit wide colour coverage of the CIE 1931 XY colour space through careful control of both the length and periodicity and the resulting vertical gap size of the structure during the nanoimprinting process. Furthermore, to show full control over the vertical dimension, we show that a fixed gap size can be produced by introducing complementary microcavities in the vicinity of the nanostructures on the original mould. This demonstrates a simple method for obtaining an additional degree of freedom in NIL not only for structural colouration but also for other industrial applications such as high-density memory, biosensors and manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jingchao Song
- School of Physics, The University of Melbourne 3010 Australia
| | - Timothy D James
- Reserve Bank of Australia Craigieburn Victoria 3064 Australia
| | - Ann Roberts
- School of Physics, The University of Melbourne 3010 Australia
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Sriram P, Manikandan A, Chuang FC, Chueh YL. Hybridizing Plasmonic Materials with 2D-Transition Metal Dichalcogenides toward Functional Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1904271. [PMID: 32196957 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201904271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Recently, 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have become intriguing materials in the versatile field of photonics and optoelectronics because of their strong light-matter interaction that stems from the atomic layer thickness, broadband optical response, controllable optoelectronic properties, and high nonlinearity, as well as compatibility. Nevertheless, the low optical cross-section of 2D-TMDs inhibits the light-matter interaction, resulting in lower quantum yield. Therefore, hybridizing the 2D-TMDs with plasmonic nanomaterials has become one of the promising strategies to boost the optical absorption of thin 2D-TMDs. The appeal of plasmonics is based on their capability to localize and enhance the electromagnetic field and increase the optical path length of light by scattering and injecting hot electrons to TMDs. In this regard, recent achievements with respect to hybridization of the plasmonic effect in 2D-TMDs systems and its augmented optical and optoelectronic properties are reviewed. The phenomenon of plasmon-enhanced interaction in 2D-TMDs is briefly described and state-of-the-art hybrid device applications are comprehensively discussed. Finally, an outlook on future applications of these hybrid devices is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavithra Sriram
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
- Department of Physics, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
- Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Arumugam Manikandan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
- Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Chuan Chuang
- Department of Physics, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
- Physics Division, The National Center for Theoretical Science, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lun Chueh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
- Department of Physics, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
- Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
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9
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Rosenberg M, Schvartzman M. Direct Resistless Soft Nanopatterning of Freeform Surfaces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:43494-43499. [PMID: 31660725 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b13494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nanoimprint is broadly used to pattern thin polymer films on rigid substrates. The resulted patterns can be used either as functional nanostructures or as masks for a pattern transfer. Also, nanoimprint could, in principle, be used for the direct patterning of thermoformable substrates with functional nanostructures; however, the resulted global substrate deformation makes this approach unpractical. Here, we present a new approach for the direct nanoimprint of thermoformable substrates with functional nanostructures through precise maintaining of the substrate shape. Our approach is based on an elastomeric stam soaked in organic solvent, which diffuses into the imprinted substrate, plasticizes its surface, and thereby allows its imprint at the temperature below its glass transition point. Using this approach, we imprinted features at the 20 nm scale, which are comparable to those demonstrated by conventional nanoimprint techniques. We illustrated the applicability of our approach by producing functional antireflective nanostructures onto flat and curved optical substrates. In both cases, we achieved full pattern transfer and maintained the shape of the imprinted substrates, a combination that has not been demonstrated so far. Our approach substantially expands the capabilities of nanoimprint and paves the way to its numerous applications, which have been impossible by existing nanopatterning technologies.
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10
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Surface Plasmon Resonance Based Temperature Sensors in Liquid Environment. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19153354. [PMID: 31370151 PMCID: PMC6696625 DOI: 10.3390/s19153354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work is to measure the temperature variations by analyzing the plasmon signature on a metallic surface that is periodically structured and immersed in a liquid. A change in the temperature of the sample surface induces a modification of the local refractive index leading to a shift of the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) frequency due to the strong interaction between the evanescent electric field and the metallic surface. The experimental set-up used in this study to detect the refractive index changes is based on a metallic grating permitting a direct excitation of a plasmon wave, leading to a high sensibility, high-temperature range and contactless sensor within a very compact and simple device. The experimental set-up demonstrated that SPR could be used as a non-invasive, high-resolution temperature measurement method for metallic surfaces.
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11
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Hahn C, Amyot-Bourgeois M, Al-Shehab M, Northfield H, Choi Y, Song SH, Tait RN, Berini P. Nanofabrication of plasmonic structures on insulating substrates by resist-on-metal bilayer lift-off. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:054003. [PMID: 30511659 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aaefd6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In last few decades, micro- and nano-fabrication techniques based on photolithography and electron beam lithography have advanced greatly, mainly in the field of semiconductor fabrication. Such techniques are generally transferrable to the fabrication of plasmonic structures and metamaterials. However, plasmonic devices often require a transparent insulating substrate to be operational at visible or near-infrared wavelengths. Here we report a resist-on-metal bilayer lift-off technique enabling the fabrication of plasmonic structures on insulating substrates. The metal layer under the resist eliminates major difficulties in lithography, such as charging during electron beam exposure and uncontrolled diffuse optical scattering during photolithography. In addition, the resist-on-metal bilayer can be migrated to different substrates with minimal process alteration, because the material properties of the substrate, such as secondary electron emission or optical reflectance, become irrelevant due to the shielding provided by the metal layer. As demonstrations, we fabricate large-scale plasmonic waveguides and Bragg gratings, adiabatically-modulated plasmonic waveguide couplers, and plasmonic nanoantenna arrays using the resist-on-metal bilayer lift-off process. The process can also be used to define structures formed of other materials such as dielectrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choloong Hahn
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, K1N6N5, Canada. Center for Research in Photonics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, K1N6N5, Canada
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12
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Ibrahim J, Al Masri M, Veillas C, Celle F, Cioulachtjian S, Verrier I, Lefèvre F, Parriaux O, Jourlin Y. Condensation phenomenon detection through surface plasmon resonance. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:24189-24198. [PMID: 29041365 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.024189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work is to optically detect the condensation of acetone vapor on an aluminum plate cooled down in a two-phase environment (liquid/vapor). Sub-micron period aluminum based diffraction gratings with appropriate properties, exhibiting a highly sensitive plasmonic response, were successfully used for condensation experiments. A shift in the plasmonic wavelength resonance has been measured when acetone condensation on the aluminum surface takes place due to a change of the surrounding medium close to the surface, demonstrating that the surface modification occurs at the very beginning of the condensation phenomenon. This paper presents important steps in comprehending the incipience of condensate droplet and frost nucleation (since both mechanisms are similar) and thus to control the phenomenon by using an optimized engineered surface.
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Huang Q, Devetter BM, Roosendaal T, LaBerge M, Bernacki BE, Alvine KJ. Fabrication of large area flexible nanoplasmonic templates with flow coating. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2017; 88:073104. [PMID: 28764523 DOI: 10.1063/1.4994737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We describe the development of a custom-built two-axis flow coater for the deposition of polymeric nanosphere monolayers that could be used in the fabrication of large area nanoplasmonic films. The technique described here has the capability of depositing large areas (up to 7 in. × 10 in.) of self-assembled monolayers of polymeric nanospheres onto polyethylene terephthalate (PET) films. Here, three sets of films consisting of different diameters (ranging from 100 to 300 nm) of polymeric nanospheres were used to demonstrate the capabilities of this instrument. To improve the surface wettability of the PET substrates during wet-deposition, we enhanced the wettability by using a forced air blown-arc plasma treatment system. Both the local microstructure, as confirmed by scanning electron microscopy, describing monolayer and multilayer coverage, and the overall macroscopic uniformity of the resultant nanostructured film were optimized by controlling the relative stage to blade speed and nanosphere concentration. We also show using a smaller nanoparticle template that such monolayers can be used to form nanoplasmonic films. As this flow-coating approach is a scalable technique, large area films such as the ones described here have a variety of crucial emerging applications in areas such as energy, catalysis, and chemical sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Huang
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - Brent M Devetter
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - Timothy Roosendaal
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - Max LaBerge
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - Bruce E Bernacki
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - Kyle J Alvine
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
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14
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Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering Substrates Made by Oblique Angle Deposition: Methods and Applications. COATINGS 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings7020026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Zhang D, Zhang Q, Lu Y, Yao Y, Li S, Liu Q. Nanoplasmonic Biosensor Using Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance Spectroscopy for Biochemical Detection. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1571:89-107. [PMID: 28281251 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6848-0_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) associated with metal nanostructures has developed into a highly useful sensor technique. Optical LSPR spectroscopy of nanostructures often shows sharp absorption and scattering peaks, which can be used to probe several bio-molecular interactions. Here, we report nanoplasmonic biosensors using LSPR on nanocup arrays (nanoCA) to recognize bio-molecular binding for biochemical detection. These sensors can be modified to quantify binding of small molecules to proteins for odorant and explosive detections. Electrochemical LSPR biosensors can also be designed by coupling electrochemistry and LSPR spectroscopy measurements. Multiple sensing information can be obtained and electrochemical LSPR property can be investigated for biosensors. In some applications, the electrochemical LSPR biosensor can be used to quantify immunoreactions and enzymatic activity. The biosensors exhibit better performance than those of conventional optical LSPR measurements. With multi-transducers, the nanoplasmonic biosensor can provide a promising approach for bio-detection in environmental monitoring, healthcare diagnostics, and food quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diming Zhang
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yanli Lu
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Qingjun Liu
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
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17
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Chen W, Tymchenko M, Gopalan P, Ye X, Wu Y, Zhang M, Murray CB, Alu A, Kagan CR. Large-Area Nanoimprinted Colloidal Au Nanocrystal-Based Nanoantennas for Ultrathin Polarizing Plasmonic Metasurfaces. NANO LETTERS 2015; 15:5254-5260. [PMID: 26161503 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b02647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We report a low-cost, large-area fabrication process using solution-based nanoimprinting and compact ligand exchange of colloidal Au nanocrystals to define anisotropic, subwavelength, plasmonic nanoinclusions for optical metasurfaces. Rod-shaped, Au nanocrystal-based nanoantennas possess strong, localized, plasmonic resonances able to control polarization. We fabricate metasurfaces from rod-shaped nanoantennas tailored in size and spacing to demonstrate Au nanocrystal-based quarter-wave plates that operate with extreme bandwidths and provide high polarization conversion efficiencies in the near-to-mid infrared.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mykhailo Tymchenko
- ∥Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Andrea Alu
- ∥Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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Smith CLC, Stenger N, Kristensen A, Mortensen NA, Bozhevolnyi SI. Gap and channeled plasmons in tapered grooves: a review. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:9355-9386. [PMID: 25965100 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr01282a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Tapered metallic grooves have been shown to support plasmons - electromagnetically coupled oscillations of free electrons at metal-dielectric interfaces - across a variety of configurations and V-like profiles. Such plasmons may be divided into two categories: gap-surface plasmons (GSPs) that are confined laterally between the tapered groove sidewalls and propagate either along the groove axis or normal to the planar surface, and channeled plasmon polaritons (CPPs) that occupy the tapered groove profile and propagate exclusively along the groove axis. Both GSPs and CPPs exhibit an assortment of unique properties that are highly suited to a broad range of cutting-edge nanoplasmonic technologies, including ultracompact photonic circuits, quantum-optics components, enhanced lab-on-a-chip devices, efficient light-absorbing surfaces and advanced optical filters, while additionally affording a niche platform to explore the fundamental science of plasmon excitations and their interactions. In this Review, we provide a research status update of plasmons in tapered grooves, starting with a presentation of the theory and important features of GSPs and CPPs, and follow with an overview of the broad range of applications they enable or improve. We cover the techniques that can fabricate tapered groove structures, in particular highlighting wafer-scale production methods, and outline the various photon- and electron-based approaches that can be used to launch and study GSPs and CPPs. We conclude with a discussion of the challenges that remain for further developing plasmonic tapered-groove devices, and consider the future directions offered by this select yet potentially far-reaching topic area.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L C Smith
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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Yilmaz C, Cetin AE, Goutzamanidis G, Huang J, Somu S, Altug H, Wei D, Busnaina A. Three-dimensional crystalline and homogeneous metallic nanostructures using directed assembly of nanoparticles. ACS NANO 2014; 8:4547-4558. [PMID: 24738844 DOI: 10.1021/nn500084g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Directed assembly of nano building blocks offers a versatile route to the creation of complex nanostructures with unique properties. Bottom-up directed assembly of nanoparticles have been considered as one of the best approaches to fabricate such functional and novel nanostructures. However, there is a dearth of studies on making crystalline, solid, and homogeneous nanostructures. This requires a fundamental understanding of the forces driving the assembly of nanoparticles and precise control of these forces to enable the formation of desired nanostructures. Here, we demonstrate that colloidal nanoparticles can be assembled and simultaneously fused into 3-D solid nanostructures in a single step using externally applied electric field. By understanding the influence of various assembly parameters, we showed the fabrication of 3-D metallic materials with complex geometries such as nanopillars, nanoboxes, and nanorings with feature sizes as small as 25 nm in less than a minute. The fabricated gold nanopillars have a polycrystalline nature, have an electrical resistivity that is lower than or equivalent to electroplated gold, and support strong plasmonic resonances. We also demonstrate that the fabrication process is versatile, as fast as electroplating, and scalable to the millimeter scale. These results indicate that the presented approach will facilitate fabrication of novel 3-D nanomaterials (homogeneous or hybrid) in an aqueous solution at room temperature and pressure, while addressing many of the manufacturing challenges in semiconductor nanoelectronics and nanophotonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cihan Yilmaz
- NSF Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center for High-Rate Nanomanufacturing (CHN), Northeastern University , Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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Lee S, Yu H, Kang SH. Selective fluorescent-free detection of biomolecules on nanobiochips by wavelength dependent-enhanced dark field illumination. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 49:8335-7. [PMID: 23925125 DOI: 10.1039/c3cc44153a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Individual silver nanoparticle-conjugated target protein (cTnI) molecules on gold-nanopatterned chip were selectively detected by wavelength dependent-enhanced dark field illumination. Using specific nanoparticles with unique sizes and materials, the immunotargeted nanoparticle on the chips was detected at the single-molecule level by monitoring changes in the plasmonic resonance based on wavelength dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungah Lee
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 446-701, Republic of Korea.
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21
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Bauch M, Toma K, Toma M, Zhang Q, Dostalek J. Plasmon-Enhanced Fluorescence Biosensors: a Review. PLASMONICS (NORWELL, MASS.) 2014; 9:781-799. [PMID: 27330521 PMCID: PMC4846700 DOI: 10.1007/s11468-013-9660-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Surfaces of metallic films and metallic nanoparticles can strongly confine electromagnetic field through its coupling to propagating or localized surface plasmons. This interaction is associated with large enhancement of the field intensity and local optical density of states which provides means to increase excitation rate, raise quantum yield, and control far field angular distribution of fluorescence light emitted by organic dyes and quantum dots. Such emitters are commonly used as labels in assays for detection of chemical and biological species. Their interaction with surface plasmons allows amplifying fluorescence signal (brightness) that accompanies molecular binding events by several orders of magnitude. In conjunction with interfacial architectures for the specific capture of target analyte on a metallic surface, plasmon-enhanced fluorescence (PEF) that is also referred to as metal-enhanced fluorescence (MEF) represents an attractive method for shortening detection times and increasing sensitivity of various fluorescence-based analytical technologies. This review provides an introduction to fundamentals of PEF, illustrates current developments in design of metallic nanostructures for efficient fluorescence signal amplification that utilizes propagating and localized surface plasmons, and summarizes current implementations to biosensors for detection of trace amounts of biomarkers, toxins, and pathogens that are relevant to medical diagnostics and food control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Bauch
- AIT-Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Muthgasse 11, Vienna, 1190 Austria
| | - Koji Toma
- AIT-Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Muthgasse 11, Vienna, 1190 Austria
- Present Address: Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, 52425 Germany
| | - Mana Toma
- AIT-Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Muthgasse 11, Vienna, 1190 Austria
- Present Address: Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, 52425 Germany
| | - Qingwen Zhang
- AIT-Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Muthgasse 11, Vienna, 1190 Austria
- Present Address: Department of Physical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, BIT-Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Jakub Dostalek
- AIT-Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Muthgasse 11, Vienna, 1190 Austria
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22
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Choi CJ, Semancik S. Effect of interdome spacing on the resonance properties of plasmonic nanodome arrays for label-free optical sensing. OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 21:28304-28313. [PMID: 24514341 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.028304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we report on experimental and theoretical studies that investigate how the structural properties of plasmonic nanodome array devices determine their optical properties and sensing performance. We examined the effect of the interdome gap spacing within the plasmonic array structures on the performance for detection of change in local refractive index environment for label-free capture affinity biosensing applications. Optical sensing properties were characterized for nanodome array devices with interdome spacings of 14 nm, 40 nm, and 79 nm, as well as for a device where adjacent domes are in contact. For each interdome spacing, the extinction spectrum was measured using a broadband reflection instrumentation, and finite-difference-time-domain (FDTD) simulation was used to model the local electric field distribution associated with the resonances. Based on these studies, we predict that nanodome array devices with gap between 14 nm to 20 nm provide optimal label-free capture affinity biosensing performances, where the dipole resonance mode exhibits the highest overall surface sensitivity, as well as the lowest limit of detection.
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Davies PMZ, Hamm JM, Sonnefraud Y, Maier SA, Hess O. Plasmonic nanogap tilings: light-concentrating surfaces for low-loss photonic integration. ACS NANO 2013; 7:7093-7100. [PMID: 23826806 DOI: 10.1021/nn402432m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Owing to their ability to concentrate light on nanometer scales, plasmonic surface structures are ideally suited for on-chip functionalization with nonlinear or gain materials. However, achieving a high effective quantum yield across a surface requires not only strong light localization but also control over losses. Here, we report on a particular class of tunable low-loss metasurfaces featuring dense arrangements of nanometer-sized focal points on a photonic chip with an underlying waveguide channel. Guided within the plane, the photonic wave evanescently couples to the nanogaps, concentrating light in a lattice of hot-spots. In studying the energy transfer between photonic and plasmonic channels of single trimer molecules and triangular nanogap tilings in dependence on element size, we identify different regimes of operation. We show that the product of field enhancement, propagation length, and element size is close to constant in both the radiative and subwavelength regimes, opening pathways for device designs that combine high-field enhancements with large propagation lengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M Z Davies
- The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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24
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Bian Y, Gong Q. Low-loss hybrid plasmonic modes guided by metal-coated dielectric wedges for subwavelength light confinement. APPLIED OPTICS 2013; 52:5733-5741. [PMID: 23938426 DOI: 10.1364/ao.52.005733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The optical characteristics of a metal-coated dielectric wedge structure are investigated at a wavelength of 1550 nm. The effects of the metal/gap layers' thicknesses, as well as the dimension of the dielectric wedge on the guided modes' properties, are systematically analyzed. It is revealed that the characteristics of the fundamental quasi-TE and quasi-TM plasmonic modes supported by the configuration demonstrate similar trends against the variation of the metal layer thickness while exhibiting quite different behaviors with the change of the wedge size. By choosing appropriate physical dimensions, both modes could simultaneously achieve low modal loss and subwavelength field confinement, along with reasonable mode power inside the low-index gap region. Investigations on the directional coupling between adjacent identical waveguides indicate that ultralow crosstalk can be enabled by the quasi-TE mode, with the coupling length more than two orders of magnitude larger than that achieved by the plasmonic mode in conventional hybrid counterparts. The presented metal-coated dielectric wedge structures can be employed as important building blocks for a number of integrated nanophotonic components, and could also enable numerous applications at the subwavelength scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusheng Bian
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
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25
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Hall AS, Friesen SA, Mallouk TE. Wafer-scale fabrication of plasmonic crystals from patterned silicon templates prepared by nanosphere lithography. NANO LETTERS 2013; 13:2623-2627. [PMID: 23614608 DOI: 10.1021/nl400755a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
By combining nanosphere lithography with template stripping, silicon wafers were patterned with hexagonal arrays of nanowells or pillars. These silicon masters were then replicated in gold by metal evaporation, resulting in wafer-scale hexagonal gratings for plasmonic applications. In the nanosphere lithography step, two-dimensional colloidal crystals of 510 nm diameter polystyrene spheres were assembled at the air-water interface and transferred to silicon wafers. The spheres were etched in oxygen plasma in order to define their size for masking of the silicon wafer. For fabrication of metallic nanopillar arrays, an alumina film was grown over the nanosphere layer and the spheres were then removed by bath sonication. The well pattern was defined in the silicon wafer by reactive ion etching in a chlorine plasma. For fabrication of metal nanowell arrays, the nanosphere monolayer was used directly as a mask and exposed areas of the silicon wafer were plasma-etched anisotropically in SF6/Ar. Both techniques could be used to produce subwavelength metal replica structures with controlled pillar or well diameter, depth, and profile, on the wafer scale, without the use of direct writing techniques to fabricate masks or masters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Shoji Hall
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, 104 Chemistry Building, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
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Sinev IS, Petrov MI, Samusev AK, Rutckaia VV, Lipovskii AA. Nanoscale patterning of metal nanoparticle distribution in glasses. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2013; 8:260. [PMID: 23724801 PMCID: PMC3679841 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-8-260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/19/2013] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
: We show that electric field imprinting technique allows for patterning of metal nanoparticles in the glass matrix at the subwavelength scale. The formation of glass-metal nanocomposite strips with a width down to 150 nm is demonstrated. The results of near-field microscopy of imprinted patterns are in good agreement with the performed numerical modeling. Atomic force microscopy reveals that imprinting also results in the formation of nanoscale surface profile with the height going down with the decrease of the strip width. The experiments prove the applicability of this technique for the fabrication of nanoscale plasmonic components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan S Sinev
- , National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics, St. Petersburg, 197101, Russia
| | - Mihail I Petrov
- Department of Physics and Mathematics, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box-111Joensuu, 80101, Finland
- , St. Petersburg Academic University, St. Petersburg, 194021, Russia
| | - Anton K Samusev
- , National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics, St. Petersburg, 197101, Russia
| | | | - Andrey A Lipovskii
- , St. Petersburg Academic University, St. Petersburg, 194021, Russia
- , St. Petersburg State Polytechnical University, St. Petersburg, 195251, Russia
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27
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Dolatabady A, Granpayeh N. All Optical Logic Gates Based on Two Dimensional Plasmonic Waveguides with Nanodisk Resonators. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.3807/josk.2012.16.4.432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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28
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Awang RA, El-Gohary SH, Kim NH, Byun KM. Enhancement of field-analyte interaction at metallic nanogap arrays for sensitive localized surface plasmon resonance detection. APPLIED OPTICS 2012; 51:7437-7442. [PMID: 23128689 DOI: 10.1364/ao.51.007437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the near-field enhancement of a localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) structure based on gold nanograting pairs with a nanosized gap. The results calculated by finite-difference time-domain and rigorous coupled-wave analysis methods presented that the nanogap enclosed by two neighboring nanogratings produced significant confinement and enhancement of electromagnetic fields and allowed a sensitive detection in sensing of surface binding events. Gold gratings with a narrow gap distance less than 10 nm showed enhanced refractive index sensitivity due to the intensified optical field at the nanogap, outperforming the LSPR structure with noninteracting nanogratings. Also, we analyzed the effectiveness of using an overlap integral (OI) between analyte and local plasmon field to estimate the detection sensitivity. We found a strong correlation of field-analyte OI with far-field sensor sensitivity.
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Acar H, Coenen T, Polman A, Kuipers LK. Dispersive ground plane core-shell type optical monopole antennas fabricated with electron beam induced deposition. ACS NANO 2012; 6:8226-8232. [PMID: 22889269 DOI: 10.1021/nn302907j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We present the bottom-up fabrication of dispersive silica core, gold cladding ground plane optical nanoantennas. The structures are made by a combination of electron-beam induced deposition of silica and sputtering of gold. The antenna lengths range from 300 to 2100 nm with size aspect ratios as large as 20. The angular emission patterns of the nanoantennas are measured with angle-resolved cathodoluminescence spectroscopy and compared with finite-element methods. Good overall correspondence between the the measured and calculated trends is observed. The dispersive nature of these plasmonic monopole antennas makes their radiation profile highly tunable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakkı Acar
- Center for Nanophotonics, FOM Institute, AMOLF Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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30
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Song JC, Jung WK, Kim NH, Byun KM. Plasmonic wavelength splitter based on a large-area dielectric grating and white light illumination. OPTICS LETTERS 2012; 37:3915-3917. [PMID: 23041902 DOI: 10.1364/ol.37.003915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
An optical process by which transmission wavelengths can be divided selectively by changing a resonance condition of surface plasmons (SPs) is demonstrated. When white light is incident to an SP resonance substrate with a dielectric grating, SP waves are excited at resonance and transmitted into the air via diffraction by a large-area grating pattern fabricated by nanoimprint lithography. While only a limited range of certain wavelengths is allowed to transmit, the peak transmission wavelength can be tuned continuously in the visible band. We also show that multiple wavelengths are transmitted into different directions simultaneously by using a wedge-shaped white light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Chul Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea
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31
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Jung WK, Kim NH, Byun KM. Numerical study on an application of subwavelength dielectric gratings for high-sensitivity plasmonic detection. APPLIED OPTICS 2012; 51:4722-4729. [PMID: 22781248 DOI: 10.1364/ao.51.004722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Although subwavelength dielectric gratings can be employed to achieve a high sensitivity of the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor, the plasmonic interpretation verifying the resulting sensitivity improvement remains unclear. The aim of this study is to elucidate the effects of the grating's geometric parameters on the amplification of SPR responses and to understand the physical mechanisms associated with the enhancement. Our numerical results show that the proposed SPR substrate with a dielectric grating can provide a better sensitivity due to the combined effects of surface reaction area and field distribution at the binding region. An influence of adhesion layer on the sensor performance is also discussed. The obtained results will be promising in high-sensitivity plasmonic biosensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Kyung Jung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea
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32
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Biagioni P, Huang JS, Hecht B. Nanoantennas for visible and infrared radiation. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2012; 75:024402. [PMID: 22790344 DOI: 10.1088/0034-4885/75/2/024402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Nanoantennas for visible and infrared radiation can strongly enhance the interaction of light with nanoscale matter by their ability to efficiently link propagating and spatially localized optical fields. This ability unlocks an enormous potential for applications ranging from nanoscale optical microscopy and spectroscopy over solar energy conversion, integrated optical nanocircuitry, opto-electronics and density-of-states engineering to ultra-sensing as well as enhancement of optical nonlinearities. Here we review the current understanding of metallic optical antennas based on the background of both well-developed radiowave antenna engineering and plasmonics. In particular, we discuss the role of plasmonic resonances on the performance of nanoantennas and address the influence of geometrical parameters imposed by nanofabrication. Finally, we give a brief account of the current status of the field and the major established and emerging lines of investigation in this vivid area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Biagioni
- CNISM-Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milano, Italy
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33
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Della Valle G, Longhi S. Integrated fiber-coupled launcher for slow plasmon-polariton waves. OPTICS EXPRESS 2012; 20:3158-3165. [PMID: 22330553 DOI: 10.1364/oe.20.003158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We propose and numerically demonstrate an integrated fiber-coupled launcher for slow surface plasmon-polaritons. The device is based on a novel plasmonic mode-converter providing efficient power transfer from the fast to the slow modes of a metallic nanostripe. Total coupling efficiency with standard single-mode fiber approaching 30% (including ohmic losses) has been numerically predicted for a 25-µm long gold-based device operating at 1.55 µm telecom wavelength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Della Valle
- Dipartimento di Fisica and IFN-CNR, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milano, Italy.
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Biswas A, Bayer IS, Biris AS, Wang T, Dervishi E, Faupel F. Advances in top-down and bottom-up surface nanofabrication: techniques, applications & future prospects. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2012; 170:2-27. [PMID: 22154364 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2011.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 301] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2011] [Revised: 11/02/2011] [Accepted: 11/08/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
This review highlights the most significant advances of the nanofabrication techniques reported over the past decade with a particular focus on the approaches tailored towards the fabrication of functional nano-devices. The review is divided into two sections: top-down and bottom-up nanofabrication. Under the classification of top-down, special attention is given to technical reports that demonstrate multi-directional patterning capabilities less than or equal to 100 nm. These include recent advances in lithographic techniques, such as optical, electron beam, soft, nanoimprint, scanning probe, and block copolymer lithography. Bottom-up nanofabrication techniques--such as, atomic layer deposition, sol-gel nanofabrication, molecular self-assembly, vapor-phase deposition and DNA-scaffolding for nanoelectronics--are also discussed. Specifically, we describe advances in the fabrication of functional nanocomposites and graphene using chemical and physical vapor deposition. Our aim is to provide a comprehensive platform for prominent nanofabrication tools and techniques in order to facilitate the development of new or hybrid nanofabrication techniques leading to novel and efficient functional nanostructured devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Biswas
- Center for Nano Science and Technology (NDnano), Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
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Nakamoto K, Kurita R, Niwa O, Fujii T, Nishida M. Development of a mass-producible on-chip plasmonic nanohole array biosensor. NANOSCALE 2011; 3:5067-75. [PMID: 22037864 DOI: 10.1039/c1nr10883b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a polymer film based plasmonic device whose optical properties are tuned for measuring biological samples. The device has a circular nanohole array structure fabricated with a nanoimprint technique using a UV curable polymer, and then gold thin film is deposited by electron beam deposition. Therefore, the device is mass-producible, which is also very important for bioaffinity sensors. First the gold film thickness and hole depth were optimized to obtain the maximum dip shift for the reflection spectra. The dip shift is equivalent to the sensitivity to refractive index changes at the plasmonic device surface. We also calculated the variation in reflection spectra by changing the above conditions using the finite-difference time domain method, and we obtained agreement between the theoretical and experimental curves. The nanohole periodicity was adjusted from 400 to 900 nm to make it possible to perform measurements in the visible wavelength region to measure the aqueous samples with less optical absorption. The tuned bottom filled gold nanohole array was incorporated in a microfluidic device covered with a PDMS based microchannel that was 2 mm wide and 20 μm deep. As a proof of concept, the device was used to detect TNF-α by employing a direct immunochemical reaction on the plasmonic array, and a detection limit of 21 ng mL(-1) was obtained by amplification with colloidal gold labeling instead of enzymatic amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Nakamoto
- Institute of Materials Science, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8573, Japan
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36
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Fabrication of nanoscale plasmonic structures and their applications to photonic devices and biosensors. Biomed Eng Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s13534-011-0026-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
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37
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Petryayeva E, Krull UJ. Localized surface plasmon resonance: nanostructures, bioassays and biosensing--a review. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 706:8-24. [PMID: 21995909 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 475] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2011] [Revised: 08/05/2011] [Accepted: 08/09/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) is an optical phenomena generated by light when it interacts with conductive nanoparticles (NPs) that are smaller than the incident wavelength. As in surface plasmon resonance, the electric field of incident light can be deposited to collectively excite electrons of a conduction band, with the result being coherent localized plasmon oscillations with a resonant frequency that strongly depends on the composition, size, geometry, dielectric environment and separation distance of NPs. This review serves to describe the physical theory of LSPR formation at the surface of nanostructures, and the potential for this optical technology to serve as a basis for the development bioassays and biosensing of high sensitivity. The benefits and challenges associated with various experimental designs of nanoparticles and detection systems, as well as creative approaches that have been developed to improve sensitivity and limits of detection are highlighted using examples from the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Petryayeva
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
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38
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Giannini V, Fernández-Domínguez AI, Heck SC, Maier SA. Plasmonic Nanoantennas: Fundamentals and Their Use in Controlling the Radiative Properties of Nanoemitters. Chem Rev 2011; 111:3888-912. [DOI: 10.1021/cr1002672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1067] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Giannini
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | | | - Susannah C. Heck
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan A. Maier
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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39
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Aksu S, Yanik AA, Adato R, Artar A, Huang M, Altug H. High-throughput nanofabrication of infrared plasmonic nanoantenna arrays for vibrational nanospectroscopy. NANO LETTERS 2010; 10:2511-8. [PMID: 20560536 DOI: 10.1021/nl101042a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of high-throughput and high-resolution nanofabrication techniques operating at low cost and low complexity is essential for the advancement of nanoplasmonic and nanophotonic fields. In this paper, we demonstrate a novel fabrication approach based on nanostencil lithography for high-throughput fabrication of engineered infrared plasmonic nanorod antenna arrays. The technique relying on deposition of materials through a shadow mask enables plasmonic substrates supporting spectrally sharp collective resonances. We show that reflectance spectra of these antenna arrays are comparable to that of arrays fabricated by electron beam lithography. We also show that nanostencils can be reused multiple times to fabricate a series of infrared nanoantenna arrays with identical optical responses. Finally, we demonstrate fabrication of plasmonic nanostructures in a variety of shapes with a single metal deposition step on different substrates, including nonconducting ones. Our approach, by enabling the reusability of the stencil and offering flexibility on the substrate choice and nanopattern design, could facilitate the transition of plasmonic technologies to the real-world applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serap Aksu
- Materials Science and Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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