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Islam MS, Babicheva VE. Lattice Mie resonances and emissivity enhancement in mid-infrared iron pyrite metasurfaces. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:40380-40392. [PMID: 38041341 DOI: 10.1364/oe.505207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
High-refractive-index antennas with characteristic dimensions comparable to wavelength have a remarkable ability to support pronounces electric and magnetic dipole resonances. Furthermore, periodic arrangements of such resonant antennas result in narrow and strong lattice resonances facilitated by the lattice. We design iron pyrite antennas operating in the mid-infrared spectral range due to the material's low-energy bandgap and high refractive index. We utilize Kirchhoff's law, stating that emissivity and absorptance are equal to each other in equilibrium, and we apply it to improve the thermal properties of the iron pyrite metasurface. Through the excitation of collective resonances and manipulation of the antenna lattice's period, we demonstrate our capacity to control emissivity peaks. These peaks stem from the resonant excitation of electric and magnetic dipoles within proximity to the Rayleigh anomalies. In the lattice of truncated-cone antennas, we observe Rabi splitting of electric and magnetic dipole lattice resonances originating from the antennas' broken symmetry. We demonstrate that the truncated-cone antenna lattices support strong out-of-plane magnetic dipole lattice resonances at oblique incidence. We show that the truncated-cone antennas, as opposed to disks or cones, facilitate a particularly strong resonance and bound state in the continuum at the normal incidence. Our work demonstrates the effective manipulation of emissivity peaks in iron pyrite metasurfaces through controlled lattice resonances and antenna design, offering promising avenues for mid-infrared spectral engineering.
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Cortés E, Wendisch FJ, Sortino L, Mancini A, Ezendam S, Saris S, de S. Menezes L, Tittl A, Ren H, Maier SA. Optical Metasurfaces for Energy Conversion. Chem Rev 2022; 122:15082-15176. [PMID: 35728004 PMCID: PMC9562288 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Nanostructured surfaces with designed optical functionalities, such as metasurfaces, allow efficient harvesting of light at the nanoscale, enhancing light-matter interactions for a wide variety of material combinations. Exploiting light-driven matter excitations in these artificial materials opens up a new dimension in the conversion and management of energy at the nanoscale. In this review, we outline the impact, opportunities, applications, and challenges of optical metasurfaces in converting the energy of incoming photons into frequency-shifted photons, phonons, and energetic charge carriers. A myriad of opportunities await for the utilization of the converted energy. Here we cover the most pertinent aspects from a fundamental nanoscopic viewpoint all the way to applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiliano Cortés
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Königinstraße 10, 80539 Munich, Germany,
| | - Fedja J. Wendisch
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Königinstraße 10, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Luca Sortino
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Königinstraße 10, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Andrea Mancini
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Königinstraße 10, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Simone Ezendam
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Königinstraße 10, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Seryio Saris
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Königinstraße 10, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Leonardo de S. Menezes
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Königinstraße 10, 80539 Munich, Germany,Departamento
de Física, Universidade Federal de
Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Andreas Tittl
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Königinstraße 10, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Haoran Ren
- MQ Photonics
Research Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Macquarie University, Macquarie
Park, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Stefan A. Maier
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Königinstraße 10, 80539 Munich, Germany,School
of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia,Department
of Phyiscs, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom,
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An incandescent metasurface for quasimonochromatic polarized mid-wave infrared emission modulated beyond 10 MHz. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1492. [PMID: 33674609 PMCID: PMC7935924 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21752-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Incandescent sources such as hot membranes and globars are widely used for mid-infrared spectroscopic applications. The emission properties of these sources can be tailored by means of resonant metasurfaces: control of the spectrum, polarization, and directivity have been reported. For detection or communication applications, fast temperature modulation is desirable but is still a challenge due to thermal inertia. Reducing thermal inertia can be achieved using nanoscale structures at the expense of a low absorption and emission cross-section. Here, we introduce a metasurface that combines nanoscale heaters to ensure fast thermal response and nanophotonic resonances to provide large monochromatic and polarized emissivity. The metasurface is based on platinum and silicon nitride and can sustain high temperatures. We report a peak emissivity of 0.8 and an operation up to 20 MHz, six orders of magnitude faster than commercially available hot membranes. Incandescent sources are needed for mid-infrared spectroscopy. Here, the authors present a metasurface of nanoheaters that enables fast thermal modulation beyond 10 MHz and emissivity with well controlled emission spectrum and polarization.
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Miyazaki HT, Mano T, Kasaya T, Osato H, Watanabe K, Sugimoto Y, Kawazu T, Arai Y, Shigetou A, Ochiai T, Jimba Y, Miyazaki H. Synchronously wired infrared antennas for resonant single-quantum-well photodetection up to room temperature. Nat Commun 2020; 11:565. [PMID: 31992712 PMCID: PMC6987185 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14426-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Optical patch antennas sandwiching dielectrics between metal layers have been used as deep subwavelength building blocks of metasurfaces for perfect absorbers and thermal emitters. However, for applications of these metasurfaces for optoelectronic devices, wiring to each electrically isolated antenna is indispensable for biasing and current flow. Here we show that geometrically engineered metallic wires interconnecting the antennas can function to synchronize the optical phases for promoting coherent resonance, not only as electrical conductors. Antennas connected with optimally folded wires are applied to intersubband infrared photodetectors with a single 4-nm-thick quantum well, and a polarization-independent external quantum efficiency as high as 61% (responsivity 3.3 A W−1, peak wavelength 6.7 μm) at 78 K, even extending to room temperature, is demonstrated. Applications of synchronously wired antennas are not limited to photodetectors, but are expected to serve as a fundamental architecture of arrayed subwavelength resonators for optoelectronic devices such as emitters and modulators. Applications of metasurfaces for optoelectronic devices require wiring to each isolated antenna for biasing and current flow. Here, the authors report optimal wire interconnects design for controlling the optical properties and present antenna-enhanced mid-infrared photodetection incorporating a single quantum well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki T Miyazaki
- National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0047, Japan.
| | - Takaaki Mano
- National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0047, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kasaya
- National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0047, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Osato
- National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0047, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Watanabe
- National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0047, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Sugimoto
- National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0047, Japan
| | - Takuya Kawazu
- National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0047, Japan
| | - Yukinaga Arai
- National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0047, Japan
| | - Akitsu Shigetou
- National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0047, Japan
| | - Tetsuyuki Ochiai
- National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0047, Japan
| | - Yoji Jimba
- Nihon University, Koriyama, Fukushima, 963-8642, Japan
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Park J, Kang JH, Liu X, Maddox SJ, Tang K, McIntyre PC, Bank SR, Brongersma ML. Dynamic thermal emission control with InAs-based plasmonic metasurfaces. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaat3163. [PMID: 30539139 PMCID: PMC6286178 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aat3163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Thermal emission from objects tends to be spectrally broadband, unpolarized, and temporally invariant. These common notions are now challenged with the emergence of new nanophotonic structures and concepts that afford on-demand, active manipulation of the thermal emission process. This opens a myriad of new applications in chemistry, health care, thermal management, imaging, sensing, and spectroscopy. Here, we theoretically propose and experimentally demonstrate a new approach to actively tailor thermal emission with a reflective, plasmonic metasurface in which the active material and reflector element are epitaxially grown, high-carrier-mobility InAs layers. Electrical gating induces changes in the charge carrier density of the active InAs layer that are translated into large changes in the optical absorption and thermal emission from metasurface. We demonstrate polarization-dependent and electrically controlled emissivity changes of 3.6%P (6.5% in relative scale) in the mid-infrared spectral range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junghyun Park
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ju-Hyung Kang
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Xiaoge Liu
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Scott J. Maddox
- Microelectronics Research Center and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78758, USA
| | - Kechao Tang
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Paul C. McIntyre
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Seth R. Bank
- Microelectronics Research Center and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78758, USA
| | - Mark L. Brongersma
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Su VC, Chu CH, Sun G, Tsai DP. Advances in optical metasurfaces: fabrication and applications [Invited]. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:13148-13182. [PMID: 29801344 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.013148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The research and development of optical metasurfaces has been primarily driven by the curiosity for novel optical phenomena that are unattainable from materials that exist in nature and by the desire for miniaturization of optical devices. Metasurfaces constructed of artificial patterns of subwavelength depth make it possible to achieve flat, ultrathin optical devices of high performance. A wide variety of fabrication techniques have been developed to explore their unconventional functionalities which in many ways have revolutionized the means with which we control and manipulate electromagnetic waves. The relevant research community could benefit from an overview on recent progress in the fabrication and applications of the metasurfaces. This review article is intended to serve that purpose by reviewing the state-of-the-art fabrication methods and surveying their cutting-edge applications.
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Hasan D, Lee C. Hybrid Metamaterial Absorber Platform for Sensing of CO 2 Gas at Mid-IR. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2018; 5:1700581. [PMID: 29876204 PMCID: PMC5978960 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201700581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2017] [Revised: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Application of two major classes of CO2 gas sensors, i.e., electrochemical and nondispersive infrared is predominantly impeded by the poor selectivity and large optical interaction length, respectively. Here, a novel "hybrid metamaterial" absorber platform is presented by integrating the state-of-the-art complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor compatible metamaterial with a smart, gas-selective-trapping polymer for highly selective and miniaturized optical sensing of CO2 gas in the 5-8 µm mid-IR spectral window. The sensor offers a minimum of 40 ppm detection limit at ambient temperature on a small footprint (20 µm by 20 µm), fast response time (≈2 min), and low hysteresis. As a proof-of-concept, net absorption enhancement of 0.0282%/ppm and wavelength shift of 0.5319 nm ppm-1 are reported. Furthermore, the gas- selective smart polymer is found to enable dual-mode multiplexed sensing for crosschecking and validation of gas concentration on a single platform. Additionally, unique sensing characteristics as determined by the operating wavelength and bandwidth are demonstrated. Also, large differential response of the metamaterial absorber platform for all-optical monitoring is explored. The results will pave the way for a physical understanding of metamaterial-based sensing when integrated with the mid-IR detector for readout and extending the mid-IR functionalities of selective polymers for the detection of technologically relevant gases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dihan Hasan
- Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringNational University of Singapore4 Engineering Drive 3Singapore117576Singapore
- NUS Suzhou Research Institute (NUSRI)Suzhou Industrial ParkSuzhou215123P. R. China
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMSNational University of SingaporeE6#05‐11F, 5 Engineering Drive 1Singapore117608Singapore
| | - Chengkuo Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringNational University of Singapore4 Engineering Drive 3Singapore117576Singapore
- NUS Suzhou Research Institute (NUSRI)Suzhou Industrial ParkSuzhou215123P. R. China
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMSNational University of SingaporeE6#05‐11F, 5 Engineering Drive 1Singapore117608Singapore
- Graduate School for Integrative Science and EngineeringNational University of SingaporeSingapore117576Singapore
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Ali MO, Tait N, Gupta S. High-Q all-dielectric thermal emitters for mid-infrared gas-sensing applications. JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. A, OPTICS, IMAGE SCIENCE, AND VISION 2018; 35:119-124. [PMID: 29328100 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.35.000119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A simple all-dielectric thermal emitter unit cell for narrowband gas-sensing application is proposed, providing large Q-factors compared to its plasmonic counterpart. It consists of a high-index dielectric-based elliptical puck on top of a back-reflector, providing narrowband thermal emission. Using full-wave simulations, it is demonstrated that the achievable Q-factors in this structure are orders of magnitude larger than what have been shown for plasmonic cells, thanks to their low-loss electrical characteristics. Furthermore, the thermal emission properties can be engineered by manipulating the geometry of the unit cell, whereby it is shown that these unit cells can provide polarized thermal emission simultaneously in two separate frequency bands, with identical Q-factor characteristics, depending on their ellipticity parameter.
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9
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Perfect Light Absorbers Made of Tungsten-Ceramic Membranes. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/app7050458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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