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Dessalles CA, Ramón-Lozano C, Babataheri A, Barakat AI. Luminal flow actuation generates coupled shear and strain in a microvessel-on-chip. Biofabrication 2021; 14. [PMID: 34592728 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ac2baa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the microvasculature, blood flow-derived forces are key regulators of vascular structure and function. Consequently, the development of hydrogel-based microvessel-on-chip systems that strive to mimic thein vivocellular organization and mechanical environment has received great attention in recent years. However, despite intensive efforts, current microvessel-on-chip systems suffer from several limitations, most notably failure to produce physiologically relevant wall strain levels. In this study, a novel microvessel-on-chip based on the templating technique and using luminal flow actuation to generate physiologically relevant levels of wall shear stress and circumferential stretch is presented. Normal forces induced by the luminal pressure compress the surrounding soft collagen hydrogel, dilate the channel, and create large circumferential strain. The fluid pressure gradient in the system drives flow forward and generates realistic pulsatile wall shear stresses. Rigorous characterization of the system reveals the crucial role played by the poroelastic behavior of the hydrogel in determining the magnitudes of the wall shear stress and strain. The experimental measurements are combined with an analytical model of flow in both the lumen and the porous hydrogel to provide an exceptionally versatile user manual for an application-based choice of parameters in microvessels-on-chip. This unique strategy of flow actuation adds a dimension to the capabilities of microvessel-on-chip systems and provides a more general framework for improving hydrogel-basedin vitroengineered platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire A Dessalles
- LadHyX, CNRS, Ecole polytechnique, Institut polytechnique de Paris, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Clara Ramón-Lozano
- LadHyX, CNRS, Ecole polytechnique, Institut polytechnique de Paris, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Avin Babataheri
- LadHyX, CNRS, Ecole polytechnique, Institut polytechnique de Paris, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Abdul I Barakat
- LadHyX, CNRS, Ecole polytechnique, Institut polytechnique de Paris, 91120 Palaiseau, France
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Abe Y, Kwon S, Oishi M, Unekawa M, Takata N, Seki F, Koyama R, Abe M, Sakimura K, Masamoto K, Tomita Y, Okano H, Mushiake H, Tanaka KF. Optical manipulation of local cerebral blood flow in the deep brain of freely moving mice. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109427. [PMID: 34320360 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
An artificial tool for manipulating local cerebral blood flow (CBF) is necessary for understanding how CBF controls brain function. Here, we generate vascular optogenetic tools whereby smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells express optical actuators in the brain. The illumination of channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2)-expressing mice induces a local reduction in CBF. Photoactivated adenylyl cyclase (PAC) is an optical protein that increases intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), and the illumination of PAC-expressing mice induces a local increase in CBF. We target the ventral striatum, determine the temporal kinetics of CBF change, and optimize the illumination intensity to confine the effects to the ventral striatum. We demonstrate the utility of this vascular optogenetic manipulation in freely and adaptively behaving mice and validate the task- and actuator-dependent behavioral readouts. The development of vascular optogenetic animal models will help accelerate research linking vasculature, circuits, and behavior to health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Abe
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Live Imaging Center, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki 210-0821, Japan
| | - Soojin Kwon
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Department of Physiology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Oishi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Miyuki Unekawa
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Norio Takata
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Live Imaging Center, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki 210-0821, Japan
| | - Fumiko Seki
- Live Imaging Center, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki 210-0821, Japan; Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Ryuta Koyama
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Manabu Abe
- Department of Animal Model Development, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8585, Japan
| | - Kenji Sakimura
- Department of Animal Model Development, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8585, Japan
| | - Kazuto Masamoto
- Brain Science Inspired Life Support Research Center, University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
| | - Yutaka Tomita
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Live Imaging Center, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki 210-0821, Japan; Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Laboratory for Marmoset Neural Architecture, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hajime Mushiake
- Department of Physiology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Kenji F Tanaka
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
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Salmon AE, Chen RCH, Atry F, Gaffney M, Merriman DK, Gil DA, Skala MC, Collery R, Allen KP, Buckland E, Pashaie R, Carroll J. Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in the Thirteen-Lined Ground Squirrel. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2021; 10:5. [PMID: 34232271 PMCID: PMC8267221 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.10.8.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To assess the performance of two spectral-domain optical coherence tomography-angiography systems in a natural model of hypoperfusion: the hibernating thirteen-lined ground squirrel (13-LGS). Methods Using a high-speed (130 kHz) OCT-A system (HS-OCT-A) and a commercial OCT (36 kHz; Bioptigen Envisu; BE-OCT-A), we imaged the 13-LGS retina throughout its hibernation cycle. Custom software was used to extract the superior, middle, and deep capillary plexus (SCP, MCP, and DCP, respectively). The retinal vasculature was also imaged with adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscopy (AOSLO) during torpor to visualize individual blood cells. Finally, correlative histology with immunolabeled or DiI-stained vasculature was performed. Results During euthermia, vessel density was similar between devices for the SCP and MCP (P = 0.88, 0.72, respectively), with a small difference in the DCP (−1.63 ± 1.54%, P = 0.036). Apparent capillary dropout was observed during torpor, but recovered after forced arousal, and this effect was exaggerated in high-speed OCT-A imaging. Based on cell flux measurements with AOSLO, increasing OCT-A scan duration by ∼1000× would avoid the apparent capillary dropout artifact. High correspondence between OCT-A (during euthermia) and histology enabled lateral scale calibration. Conclusions While the HS-OCT-A system provides a more efficient workflow, the shorter interscan interval may render it more susceptible to the apparent capillary dropout artifact. Disambiguation between capillary dropout and transient ischemia can have important implications in the management of retinal disease and warrants additional diagnostics. Translational Relevance The 13-LGS provides a natural model of hypoperfusion that may prove valuable in modeling the utility of OCT-A in human pathologies associated with altered blood flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander E Salmon
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology, & Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Translational Imaging Innovations, Hickory, NC, USA
| | - Rex Chin-Hao Chen
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Farid Atry
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Mina Gaffney
- Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | | | - Daniel A Gil
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Melissa C Skala
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ross Collery
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology, & Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Kenneth P Allen
- Microbiology & Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | | | - Ramin Pashaie
- Computer & Electrical Engineering, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA
| | - Joseph Carroll
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology, & Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Biomedical Engineering, Marquette University, Milwaukee WI, USA
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Dessalles CA, Babataheri A, Barakat AI. Pericyte mechanics and mechanobiology. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:134/6/jcs240226. [PMID: 33753399 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.240226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pericytes are mural cells of the microvasculature, recognized by their thin processes and protruding cell body. Pericytes wrap around endothelial cells and play a central role in regulating various endothelial functions, including angiogenesis and inflammation. They also serve as a vascular support and regulate blood flow by contraction. Prior reviews have examined pericyte biological functions and biochemical signaling pathways. In this Review, we focus on the role of mechanics and mechanobiology in regulating pericyte function. After an overview of the morphology and structure of pericytes, we describe their interactions with both the basement membrane and endothelial cells. We then turn our attention to biophysical considerations, and describe contractile forces generated by pericytes, mechanical forces exerted on pericytes, and pericyte responses to these forces. Finally, we discuss 2D and 3D engineered in vitro models for studying pericyte mechano-responsiveness and underscore the need for more evolved models that provide improved understanding of pericyte function and dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire A Dessalles
- LadHyX, CNRS, Ecole polytechnique, Institut polytechnique de Paris, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Avin Babataheri
- LadHyX, CNRS, Ecole polytechnique, Institut polytechnique de Paris, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Abdul I Barakat
- LadHyX, CNRS, Ecole polytechnique, Institut polytechnique de Paris, 91120, Palaiseau, France
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Chin-Hao Chen R, Atry F, Richner T, Brodnick S, Pisaniello J, Ness J, Suminski AJ, Williams J, Pashaie R. A system identification analysis of optogenetically evoked electrocorticography and cerebral blood flow responses. J Neural Eng 2020; 17:056049. [PMID: 32299067 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ab89fc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The main objective of this research was to study the coupling between neural circuits and the vascular network in the cortex of small rodents from system engineering point of view and generate a mathematical model for the dynamics of neurovascular coupling. The model was adopted to implement closed-loop blood flow control algorithms. APPROACH We used a combination of advanced technologies including optogenetics, electrocorticography, and optical coherence tomography to stimulate selected populations of neurons and simultaneously record induced electrocorticography and hemodynamic signals. We adopted system identification methods to analyze the acquired data and investigate the relation between optogenetic neural activation and consequential electrophysiology and blood flow responses. MAIN RESULTS We showed that the developed model, once trained by the acquired data, could successfully regenerate subtle spatio-temporal features of evoked electrocorticography and cerebral blood flow responses following an onset of optogenetic stimulation. SIGNIFICANCE The long term goal of this research is to open a new line for computational analysis of neurovascular coupling particularly in pathologies where the normal process of blood flow regulation in the central nervous system is disrupted including Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rex Chin-Hao Chen
- Electrical Engineering, Computer Science Department, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3200N Cramer St., Milwaukee, WI, United States of America
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