1
|
Wang P, Wu EG, Uluşan H, Phillips A, Rose Hays M, Kling A, Zhao ET, Madugula S, Vilkhu RS, Vasireddy PK, Hier- lemann A, Hong G, Chichilnisky E, Melosh NA. Direct-print three-dimensional electrodes for large- scale, high-density, and customizable neural inter- faces. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.30.542925. [PMID: 37398164 PMCID: PMC10312573 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.30.542925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Silicon-based planar microelectronics is a powerful tool for scalably recording and modulating neural activity at high spatiotemporal resolution, but it remains challenging to target neural structures in three dimensions (3D). We present a method for directly fabricating 3D arrays of tissue-penetrating microelectrodes onto silicon microelectronics. Leveraging a high-resolution 3D printing technology based on 2-photon polymerization and scalable microfabrication processes, we fabricated arrays of 6,600 microelectrodes 10-130 μm tall and at 35-μm pitch onto a planar silicon-based microelectrode array. The process enables customizable electrode shape, height and positioning for precise targeting of neuron populations distributed in 3D. As a proof of concept, we addressed the challenge of specifically targeting retinal ganglion cell (RGC) somas when interfacing with the retina. The array was customized for insertion into the retina and recording from somas while avoiding the axon layer. We verified locations of the microelectrodes with confocal microscopy and recorded high-resolution spontaneous RGC activity at cellular resolution. This revealed strong somatic and dendritic components with little axon contribution, unlike recordings with planar microelectrode arrays. The technology could be a versatile solution for interfacing silicon microelectronics with neural structures and modulating neural activity at large scale with single-cell resolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pingyu Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University
| | - Eric G. Wu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford University
| | - Hasan Uluşan
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering in Basel, ETH Zürich
| | - A.J. Phillips
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford University
| | | | | | - Eric T. Zhao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University
| | | | - Ramandeep S. Vilkhu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford University
| | | | | | - Guosong Hong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University
| | - E.J. Chichilnisky
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University
- Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Stanford University
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dobariya A, El Ahmadieh TY, Good LB, Hernandez-Reynoso AG, Jakkamsetti V, Brown R, Dunbar M, Ding K, Luna J, Kallem RR, Putnam WC, Shelton JM, Evers BM, Azami A, Geramifard N, Cogan SF, Mickey B, Pascual JM. Recording of pig neuronal activity in the comparative context of the awake human brain. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15503. [PMID: 36109613 PMCID: PMC9478131 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19688-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Gyriform mammals display neurophysiological and neural network activity that other species exhibit only in rudimentary or dissimilar form. However, neural recordings from large mammals such as the pig can be anatomically hindered and pharmacologically suppressed by anesthetics. This curtails comparative inferences. To mitigate these limitations, we set out to modify electrocorticography, intracerebral depth and intracortical recording methods to study the anesthetized pig. In the process, we found that common forms of infused anesthesia such as pentobarbital or midazolam can be neurophysiologic suppressants acting in dose-independent fashion relative to anesthetic dose or brain concentration. Further, we corroborated that standard laboratory conditions may impose electrical interference with specific neural signals. We thus aimed to safeguard neural network integrity and recording fidelity by developing surgical, anesthesia and noise reduction methods and by working inside a newly designed Faraday cage, and evaluated this from the point of view of neurophysiological power spectral density and coherence analyses. We also utilized novel silicon carbide electrodes to minimize mechanical disruption of single-neuron activity. These methods allowed for the preservation of native neurophysiological activity for several hours. Pig electrocorticography recordings were essentially indistinguishable from awake human recordings except for the small segment of electrical activity associated with vision in conscious persons. In addition, single-neuron and paired-pulse stimulation recordings were feasible simultaneously with electrocorticography and depth electrode recordings. The spontaneous and stimulus-elicited neuronal activities thus surveyed can be recorded with a degree of precision similar to that achievable in rodent or any other animal studies and prove as informative as unperturbed human electrocorticography.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aksharkumar Dobariya
- Rare Brain Disorders Program, Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd. Mail Code 8813, Dallas, TX, 75390-8813, USA
| | - Tarek Y El Ahmadieh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Levi B Good
- Rare Brain Disorders Program, Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd. Mail Code 8813, Dallas, TX, 75390-8813, USA
| | | | - Vikram Jakkamsetti
- Rare Brain Disorders Program, Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd. Mail Code 8813, Dallas, TX, 75390-8813, USA
| | - Ronnie Brown
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Misha Dunbar
- Animal Resource Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Kan Ding
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Jesus Luna
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Raja Reddy Kallem
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Clinical Pharmacology, Experimental Therapeutics Center, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Dallas, TX, 75235, USA
| | - William C Putnam
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Clinical Pharmacology, Experimental Therapeutics Center, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Dallas, TX, 75235, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Dallas, TX, 75235, USA
| | - John M Shelton
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Bret M Evers
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Amirhossein Azami
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Negar Geramifard
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Stuart F Cogan
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Bruce Mickey
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Juan M Pascual
- Rare Brain Disorders Program, Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd. Mail Code 8813, Dallas, TX, 75390-8813, USA.
- Department of Physiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development/Center for Human Genetics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
| |
Collapse
|