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Schmidt V, König SU, Dilawar R, Sánchez Pacheco T, König P. Improved Spatial Knowledge Acquisition through Sensory Augmentation. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13050720. [PMID: 37239192 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13050720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Sensory augmentation provides novel opportunities to broaden our knowledge of human perception through external sensors that record and transmit information beyond natural perception. To assess whether such augmented senses affect the acquisition of spatial knowledge during navigation, we trained a group of 27 participants for six weeks with an augmented sense for cardinal directions called the feelSpace belt. Then, we recruited a control group that did not receive the augmented sense and the corresponding training. All 53 participants first explored the Westbrook virtual reality environment for two and a half hours spread over five sessions before assessing their spatial knowledge in four immersive virtual reality tasks measuring cardinal, route, and survey knowledge. We found that the belt group acquired significantly more accurate cardinal and survey knowledge, which was measured in pointing accuracy, distance, and rotation estimates. Interestingly, the augmented sense also positively affected route knowledge, although to a lesser degree. Finally, the belt group reported a significant increase in the use of spatial strategies after training, while the groups' ratings were comparable at baseline. The results suggest that six weeks of training with the feelSpace belt led to improved survey and route knowledge acquisition. Moreover, the findings of our study could inform the development of assistive technologies for individuals with visual or navigational impairments, which may lead to enhanced navigation skills and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Schmidt
- Neurobiopsychology Group, Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabrück, Wachsbleiche 27, 49090 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Sabine U König
- Neurobiopsychology Group, Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabrück, Wachsbleiche 27, 49090 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Rabia Dilawar
- Neurobiopsychology Group, Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabrück, Wachsbleiche 27, 49090 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Tracy Sánchez Pacheco
- Neurobiopsychology Group, Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabrück, Wachsbleiche 27, 49090 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Peter König
- Neurobiopsychology Group, Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabrück, Wachsbleiche 27, 49090 Osnabrück, Germany
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
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2
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de Boer DML, Namdar F, Lambers M, Cleeremans A. LIVE-streaming 3D images: A neuroscience approach to full-body illusions. Behav Res Methods 2022; 54:1346-1357. [PMID: 34582000 PMCID: PMC9170653 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-021-01659-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Inspired by recent technological advances in the gaming industry, we used capture cards to create and LIVE-stream high quality 3D-images. With this novel technique, we developed a real-life stereoscopic 3D full-body illusion paradigm (3D projection). Unlike previous versions of the full-body illusion that rely upon unwieldy head-mounted displays, this paradigm enables the unobstructed investigation of such illusions with neuroscience methods (e.g., transcranial direct current stimulation, transcranial magnetic stimulation, electroencephalography, and near-infrared spectroscopy) and examination of their neural underpinnings. This paper has three aims: (i) to provide a step-by-step guide on how to implement 3D LIVE-streaming, (ii) to explain how this can be used to create a full-body illusion paradigm; and (iii) to present evidence that documents the effectiveness of our methods (de Boer et al., 2020), including suggestions for potential applications. Particularly significant is the fact that 3D LIVE-streaming is not GPU-intensive and can easily be applied to any device or screen that can display 3D images (e.g., TV, tablet, mobile phone). Therefore, these methods also have potential future clinical and commercial benefits. 3D LIVE-streaming could be used to enhance future clinical observations or educational tools, or potentially guide medical interventions with real-time high-quality 3D images. Alternatively, our methods can be used in future rehabilitation programs to aid recovery from nervous system injury (e.g., spinal cord injury, brain damage, limb loss) or in therapies aimed at alleviating psychosis symptoms. Finally, 3D LIVE-streaming could set a new standard for immersive online gaming as well as augmenting online and mobile experiences (e.g., video chat, social sharing/events).
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Affiliation(s)
- D M L de Boer
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, 4059, Australia.
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - F Namdar
- Design doc, Ghent Office, Woodrow Wilsonplein 9, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - M Lambers
- Institute for Vision and Graphics, University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany
| | - A Cleeremans
- Consciousness, Cognition, and Computation Group (CO3), Centre for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences (CRCN), ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, CP191, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
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3
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A causal role for the right angular gyrus in self-location mediated perspective taking. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19229. [PMID: 33154491 PMCID: PMC7645586 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76235-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent theories suggest that self-consciousness, in its most elementary form, is functionally disconnected from the phenomenal body. Patients with psychosis frequently misattribute their thoughts and actions to external sources; and in certain out-of-body experiences, lucid states, and dreams body-ownership is absent but self-identification is preserved. To explain these unusual experiences, we hypothesized that self-identification depends on inferring self-location at the right angular gyrus (i.e., perspective-taking). This process relates to the discrimination of self-produced signals (endogenous attention) from environmental stimulation (exogenous attention). Therefore, when this mechanism fails, this causes altered sensations and perceptions. We combined a Full-body Illusion paradigm with brain stimulation (HD-tDCS) and found a clear causal association between right angular gyrus activation and alterations in self-location (perspective-taking). Anodal versus sham HD-tDCS resulted in: a more profound out-of-body shift (with reduced sense of agency); and a weakened ability to discriminate self from other perspectives. We conclude that self-identification is mediated in the brain by inferring self-location (i.e., perspective-taking). Self-identification can be decoupled from the bodily self, explaining phenomena associated with disembodiment. These findings present novel insights into the relationship between mind and body, and may offer important future directions for treating psychosis symptoms and rehabilitation programs to aid in the recovery from a nervous system injury. The brain's ability to locate itself might be the key mechanism for self-identification and distinguishing self from other signals (i.e., perspective-taking).
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4
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Wu L, Niu Z, Hu X, Liu H, Li S, Chen L, Zheng D, Liu Z, Liu T, Xu F, Manyande A, Wang J, Xia H. Regional cerebral metabolic levels and turnover in awake rats after acute or chronic spinal cord injury. FASEB J 2020; 34:10547-10559. [PMID: 32592196 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000447r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University Yinchuan P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics Wuhan Institute of Physics and MathematicsChinese Academy of SciencesInnovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology Wuhan P.R. China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases Yinchuan P.R. China
- School of Clinical Medicine Ningxia Medical University Yinchuan P.R. China
| | - Zhanfeng Niu
- Department of Neurosurgery General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University Yinchuan P.R. China
| | - Xulei Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University Yinchuan P.R. China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases Yinchuan P.R. China
- School of Clinical Medicine Ningxia Medical University Yinchuan P.R. China
| | - Huili Liu
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics Wuhan Institute of Physics and MathematicsChinese Academy of SciencesInnovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology Wuhan P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing P.R. China
| | - Shuang Li
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics Wuhan Institute of Physics and MathematicsChinese Academy of SciencesInnovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology Wuhan P.R. China
| | - Lei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics Wuhan Institute of Physics and MathematicsChinese Academy of SciencesInnovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology Wuhan P.R. China
| | - Danhao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics Wuhan Institute of Physics and MathematicsChinese Academy of SciencesInnovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology Wuhan P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing P.R. China
| | - Zhuang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics Wuhan Institute of Physics and MathematicsChinese Academy of SciencesInnovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology Wuhan P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing P.R. China
| | - Taotao Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology Peking University Third Hospital Beijing P.R. China
| | - Fuqiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics Wuhan Institute of Physics and MathematicsChinese Academy of SciencesInnovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology Wuhan P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing P.R. China
| | - Anne Manyande
- School of Human and Social Sciences University of West London London UK
| | - Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics Wuhan Institute of Physics and MathematicsChinese Academy of SciencesInnovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology Wuhan P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing P.R. China
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Basic Medicine for Diabetes 2nd Hospital of Shijiazhuang Shijiazhuang P.R. China
| | - Hechun Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University Yinchuan P.R. China
- Ningxia Human Stem Cell Research Institute General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University Yinchuan P.R. China
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5
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Drori G, Bar-Tal P, Stern Y, Zvilichovsky Y, Salomon R. UnReal? Investigating the Sense of Reality and Psychotic Symptoms with Virtual Reality. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9061627. [PMID: 32481568 PMCID: PMC7355917 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9061627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Distortions of reality, such as hallucinations, are common symptoms of many psychiatric conditions. Accordingly, sense of reality (SoR), the ability to discriminate between true and false perceptions, is a central criterion in the assessment of neurological and psychiatric health. Despite the critical role of the SoR in daily life, little is known about how this is formed in the mind. Here, we propose a novel theoretical and methodological framework to study the SoR and its relation to psychotic symptoms. In two experiments, we employed a specialized immersive virtual reality (VR) environment allowing for well-controlled manipulations of visual reality. We first tested the impact of manipulating visual reality on objective perceptual thresholds (just noticeable differences). In a second experiment, we tested how these manipulations affected subjective judgments of reality. The results revealed that the objective perceptual thresholds were robust and replicable, demonstrating that SoR is a stable psychometric property that can be measured experimentally. Furthermore, reality alterations reduced subjective reality judgments across all manipulated visual aspects. Finally, reduced sensitivity to changes in visual reality was related to self-reported prodromal psychotic symptoms. These results provide evidence for the relevance of SoR in the assessment of psychosis and other mental disorders in which reality is distorted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gad Drori
- Gonda Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel; (P.B.-T.); (Y.S.); (Y.Z.); (R.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Paz Bar-Tal
- Gonda Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel; (P.B.-T.); (Y.S.); (Y.Z.); (R.S.)
| | - Yonatan Stern
- Gonda Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel; (P.B.-T.); (Y.S.); (Y.Z.); (R.S.)
- Psychology Department, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
| | - Yair Zvilichovsky
- Gonda Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel; (P.B.-T.); (Y.S.); (Y.Z.); (R.S.)
| | - Roy Salomon
- Gonda Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel; (P.B.-T.); (Y.S.); (Y.Z.); (R.S.)
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6
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Bonassi G, Lagravinese G, Bisio A, Ruggeri P, Pelosin E, Bove M, Avanzino L. Consolidation and retention of motor skill after motor imagery training. Neuropsychologia 2020; 143:107472. [PMID: 32325154 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Complex motor tasks are learned through training which results in lasting improvement in sensorimotor performance and accuracy. Learning a motor skill is commonly attained via physical execution. However, research has shown that cognitive training, such as motor imagery (MI), effectively facilitates skill learning. Neurophysiological findings suggest that learning-induced plasticity in the human motor cortex, subserving consolidation and retention of motor skills, is stronger after movement execution (ME) than after MI training. Here, we designed an experimental task able to test for the fast and slow learning phases and for retention of motor skills for both MI and ME. We hypothesize that differences between MI and ME training would emerge in terms of reduced consolidation and retention of motor skills. Twenty-four young healthy subjects were divided into two groups, performing MI or ME training. Participants wore sensor-engineered gloves and their sensorimotor performance was assessed over a period of 15 days with 4-days training. We analysed the touch duration (TD), the inter-tapping interval (ITI), movement rate and accuracy. Results showed that (i) during the first phase of acquisition of motor skills, sensorimotor performance improved similarly in MI and ME groups; (ii) during the second learning phase movement rate increased more in ME than MI group and this difference was mainly driven by differences in the duration of TD; (iii) consolidation deficits with MI training reflected in impaired retention of the acquired skills, as TD and ITI were larger and movement rate was lower in the MI group with respect to the ME, till to 10 days after the last training session. Explicit component of motor learning, accuracy, was maintained in retention phase in both groups. Following our hypothesis, our findings show that MI training is as effective as ME within the first learning phase, but consolidation and retention of motor skills are less effective following MI training. This study highlights MI limitations and suggests option to enhance MI, as by providing an external sensory feedback.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Bonassi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Ambra Bisio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Piero Ruggeri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Elisa Pelosin
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, IRCCS, Genoa, Italy
| | - Marco Bove
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, IRCCS, Genoa, Italy
| | - Laura Avanzino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, IRCCS, Genoa, Italy.
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7
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Scandola M, Aglioti SM, Lazzeri G, Avesani R, Ionta S, Moro V. Visuo-motor and interoceptive influences on peripersonal space representation following spinal cord injury. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5162. [PMID: 32198431 PMCID: PMC7083926 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62080-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripersonal space (PPS) representation is modulated by information coming from the body. In paraplegic individuals, whose lower limb sensory-motor functions are impaired or completely lost, the representation of PPS around the feet is reduced. However, passive motion can have short-term restorative effects. What remains unclear is the mechanisms underlying this recovery, in particular with regard to the contribution of visual and motor feedback and of interoception. Using virtual reality technology, we dissociated the motor and visual feedback during passive motion in paraplegics with complete and incomplete lesions and in healthy controls. The results show that in the case of paraplegics, the presence of motor feedback was necessary for the recovery of PPS representation, both when the motor feedback was congruent and when it was incongruent with the visual feedback. In contrast, visuo-motor incongruence led to an inhibition of PPS representation in the control group. There were no differences in sympathetic responses between the three groups. Nevertheless, in individuals with incomplete lesions, greater interoceptive sensitivity was associated with a better representation of PPS around the feet in the visuo-motor incongruent conditions. These results shed new light on the modulation of PPS representation, and demonstrate the importance of residual motor feedback and its integration with other bodily information in maintaining space representation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Scandola
- NPSY-Lab.VR, Department of Human Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy. .,IRCCS, Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.
| | - Salvatore Maria Aglioti
- IRCCS, Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.,Department of Psychology, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy.,Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Renato Avesani
- Department of Rehabilitation, IRCSS Sacro Cuore - Don Calabria Hospital, Verona, Italy
| | - Silvio Ionta
- Sensory-Motor Lab (SeMoLa), Department of Ophthalmology-University of Lausanne, Jules Gonin Eye; Hospital-Fondation Asile des Aveugles, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Valentina Moro
- NPSY-Lab.VR, Department of Human Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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8
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Rossi F, Motto Ros P, Rosales RM, Demarchi D. Embedded Bio-Mimetic System for Functional Electrical Stimulation Controlled by Event-Driven sEMG. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20051535. [PMID: 32164356 PMCID: PMC7085782 DOI: 10.3390/s20051535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The analysis of the surface ElectroMyoGraphic (sEMG) signal for controlling the Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) therapy is being widely accepted as an active rehabilitation technique for the restoration of neuro-muscular disorders. Portability and real-time functionalities are major concerns, and, among others, two correlated challenges are the development of an embedded system and the implementation of lightweight signal processing approaches. In this respect, the event-driven nature of the Average Threshold Crossing (ATC) technique, considering its high correlation with the muscle force and the sparsity of its representation, could be an optimal solution. In this paper we present an embedded ATC-FES control system equipped with a multi-platform software featuring an easy-to-use Graphical User Interface (GUI). The system has been first characterized and validated by analyzing CPU and memory usage in different operating conditions, as well as measuring the system latency (fulfilling the real-time requirements with a 140 ms FES definition process). We also confirmed system effectiveness, testing it on 11 healthy subjects: The similarity between the voluntary movement and the stimulate one has been evaluated, computing the cross-correlation coefficient between the angular signals acquired during the limbs motion. We obtained high correlation values of 0.87 ± 0.07 and 0.93 ± 0.02 for the elbow flexion and knee extension exercises, respectively, proving good stimulation application in real therapy-scenarios.
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9
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Combined Sensing, Cognition, Learning, and Control for Developing Future Neuro-Robotics Systems: A Survey. IEEE Trans Cogn Dev Syst 2019. [DOI: 10.1109/tcds.2019.2897618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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10
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Stephens-Fripp B, Jean Walker M, Goddard E, Alici G. A survey on what Australians with upper limb difference want in a prosthesis: justification for using soft robotics and additive manufacturing for customized prosthetic hands. Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol 2019; 15:342-349. [PMID: 30856031 DOI: 10.1080/17483107.2019.1580777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Upper limb prostheses are part of a rapidly changing market place. Despite development in device design, surveys report low levels of uptake and dissatisfaction with current prosthetic design. In this study, we present the results of a survey conducted with people with upper limb difference in Australia on their use of current prostheses and preferences in a prosthetic in order to inform future prosthetic hand design.Methods: An online survey was conducted on upper limb amputees, with 27 respondents that completed the survey. The survey was a mixture of open-ended questions, ranking design features and quantitative questions on problems experienced and desired attributes of future prosthesis designs.Results: Common key issues and concerns were isolated in the survey related to the weight, manipulation and dexterity, aesthetics, sensory feedback and financial cost; each of which could be addressed by additive manufacturing and soft robotics techniques.Conclusions: The adaptability of additive manufacturing and soft robotics to the highlighted concerns of participants shows that further research into these techniques is a feasible method to improve patient satisfaction and acceptance in prosthetic hands.Implications for rehabilitationEven with recent developments and advances in prosthetic design, the needs and desires of prosthetic users are not being met with current products.The desires and needs of those with upper limb difference are diverse.Using additive manufacturing to produce prosthetics allows for mass customization of prosthetics to meet these diverse needs while reducing costs.A soft robotic approach to prosthetics can help meet the desires of reducing weight and costs, while maintaining functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Stephens-Fripp
- School of Mechanical, Materials, Mechatronic and Biomedical Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Mary Jean Walker
- School of Philosophical, Historical and International Studies, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Eliza Goddard
- School of Humanities and Languages, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Humanities, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Gursel Alici
- School of Mechanical, Materials, Mechatronic and Biomedical Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
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11
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Progress towards restoring upper limb movement and sensation through intracortical brain-computer interfaces. CURRENT OPINION IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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12
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Wendelken S, Page DM, Davis T, Wark HAC, Kluger DT, Duncan C, Warren DJ, Hutchinson DT, Clark GA. Restoration of motor control and proprioceptive and cutaneous sensation in humans with prior upper-limb amputation via multiple Utah Slanted Electrode Arrays (USEAs) implanted in residual peripheral arm nerves. J Neuroeng Rehabil 2017; 14:121. [PMID: 29178940 PMCID: PMC5702130 DOI: 10.1186/s12984-017-0320-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite advances in sophisticated robotic hands, intuitive control of and sensory feedback from these prostheses has been limited to only 3-degrees-of-freedom (DOF) with 2 sensory percepts in closed-loop control. A Utah Slanted Electrode Array (USEA) has been used in the past to provide up to 81 sensory percepts for human amputees. Here, we report on the advanced capabilities of multiple USEAs implanted in the residual peripheral arm nerves of human amputees for restoring control of 5 DOF and sensation of up to 131 proprioceptive and cutaneous hand sensory percepts. We also demonstrate that USEA-restored sensory percepts provide a useful source of feedback during closed-loop virtual prosthetic hand control. Methods Two 100-channel USEAs were implanted for 4–5 weeks, one each in the median and ulnar arm nerves of two human subjects with prior long-duration upper-arm amputations. Intended finger and wrist positions were decoded from neuronal firing patterns via a modified Kalman filter, allowing subjects to control many movements of a virtual prosthetic hand. Additionally, USEA microstimulation was used to evoke numerous sensory percepts spanning the phantom hand. Closed-loop control was achieved by stimulating via an electrode of the ulnar-nerve USEA while recording and decoding movement via the median-nerve USEA. Results Subjects controlled up to 12 degrees-of-freedom during informal, ‘freeform’ online movement decode sessions, and experienced up to 131 USEA-evoked proprioceptive and cutaneous sensations spanning the phantom hand. Independent control was achieved for a 5-DOF real-time decode that included flexion/extension of the thumb, index, middle, and ring fingers, and the wrist. Proportional control was achieved for a 4-DOF real-time decode. One subject used a USEA-evoked hand sensation as feedback to complete a 1-DOF closed-loop virtual-hand movement task. There were no observed long-term functional deficits due to the USEA implants. Conclusions Implantation of high-channel-count USEAs enables multi-degree-of-freedom control of virtual prosthetic hand movement and restoration of a rich selection of both proprioceptive and cutaneous sensory percepts spanning the hand during the short 4–5 week post-implant period. Future USEA use in longer-term implants and in closed-loop may enable restoration of many of the capabilities of an intact hand while contributing to a meaningful embodiment of the prosthesis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12984-017-0320-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Wendelken
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - David M Page
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Tyler Davis
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA
| | - Heather A C Wark
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84102, USA
| | - David T Kluger
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Christopher Duncan
- Division of Phys. Med. and Rehabilitation, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA
| | - David J Warren
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | | | - Gregory A Clark
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
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13
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Avraham G, Leib R, Pressman A, Simo LS, Karniel A, Shmuelof L, Mussa-Ivaldi FA, Nisky I. State-Based Delay Representation and Its Transfer from a Game of Pong to Reaching and Tracking. eNeuro 2017; 4:ENEURO.0179-17.2017. [PMID: 29379875 PMCID: PMC5788056 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0179-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
To accurately estimate the state of the body, the nervous system needs to account for delays between signals from different sensory modalities. To investigate how such delays may be represented in the sensorimotor system, we asked human participants to play a virtual pong game in which the movement of the virtual paddle was delayed with respect to their hand movement. We tested the representation of this new mapping between the hand and the delayed paddle by examining transfer of adaptation to blind reaching and blind tracking tasks. These blind tasks enabled to capture the representation in feedforward mechanisms of movement control. A Time Representation of the delay is an estimation of the actual time lag between hand and paddle movements. A State Representation is a representation of delay using current state variables: the distance between the paddle and the ball originating from the delay may be considered as a spatial shift; the low sensitivity in the response of the paddle may be interpreted as a minifying gain; and the lag may be attributed to a mechanical resistance that influences paddle's movement. We found that the effects of prolonged exposure to the delayed feedback transferred to blind reaching and tracking tasks and caused participants to exhibit hypermetric movements. These results, together with simulations of our representation models, suggest that delay is not represented based on time, but rather as a spatial gain change in visuomotor mapping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Avraham
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva, Israel
- Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva, Israel
| | - Raz Leib
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva, Israel
- Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva, Israel
| | - Assaf Pressman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva, Israel
- Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva, Israel
- Sensory Motor Performance Program, Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Lucia S. Simo
- Department of Physiology Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Amir Karniel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva, Israel
- Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva, Israel
| | - Lior Shmuelof
- Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva, Israel
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva, Israel
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva, Israel
| | - Ferdinando A. Mussa-Ivaldi
- Sensory Motor Performance Program, Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL
- Department of Physiology Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL
| | - Ilana Nisky
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva, Israel
- Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva, Israel
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14
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Implicit self-other discrimination affects the interplay between multisensory affordances of mental representations of faces. Behav Brain Res 2017; 333:282-285. [PMID: 28697903 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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15
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Marchesotti S, Martuzzi R, Schurger A, Blefari ML, Del Millán JR, Bleuler H, Blanke O. Cortical and subcortical mechanisms of brain-machine interfaces. Hum Brain Mapp 2017; 38:2971-2989. [PMID: 28321973 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Technical advances in the field of Brain-Machine Interfaces (BMIs) enable users to control a variety of external devices such as robotic arms, wheelchairs, virtual entities and communication systems through the decoding of brain signals in real time. Most BMI systems sample activity from restricted brain regions, typically the motor and premotor cortex, with limited spatial resolution. Despite the growing number of applications, the cortical and subcortical systems involved in BMI control are currently unknown at the whole-brain level. Here, we provide a comprehensive and detailed report of the areas active during on-line BMI control. We recorded functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data while participants controlled an EEG-based BMI inside the scanner. We identified the regions activated during BMI control and how they overlap with those involved in motor imagery (without any BMI control). In addition, we investigated which regions reflect the subjective sense of controlling a BMI, the sense of agency for BMI-actions. Our data revealed an extended cortical-subcortical network involved in operating a motor-imagery BMI. This includes not only sensorimotor regions but also the posterior parietal cortex, the insula and the lateral occipital cortex. Interestingly, the basal ganglia and the anterior cingulate cortex were involved in the subjective sense of controlling the BMI. These results inform basic neuroscience by showing that the mechanisms of BMI control extend beyond sensorimotor cortices. This knowledge may be useful for the development of BMIs that offer a more natural and embodied feeling of control for the user. Hum Brain Mapp 38:2971-2989, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Marchesotti
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland.,Center for Neuroprosthetics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland.,Laboratory of Robotic Systems, School of Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Roberto Martuzzi
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland.,Center for Neuroprosthetics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland.,Fondation Campus Biotech Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Aaron Schurger
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland.,Center for Neuroprosthetics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland.,Defitech Chair in Brain-Machine Interface, School of Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland.,Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, NeuroSpin Research Center, INSERM, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
| | - Maria Laura Blefari
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland.,Center for Neuroprosthetics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland.,Defitech Chair in Brain-Machine Interface, School of Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - José R Del Millán
- Center for Neuroprosthetics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland.,Defitech Chair in Brain-Machine Interface, School of Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Hannes Bleuler
- Laboratory of Robotic Systems, School of Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Olaf Blanke
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland.,Center for Neuroprosthetics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
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16
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Scandola M, Aglioti SM, Avesani R, Bertagnoni G, Marangoni A, Moro V. Corporeal illusions in chronic spinal cord injuries. Conscious Cogn 2017; 49:278-290. [DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2017.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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17
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Perruchoud D, Michels L, Piccirelli M, Gassert R, Ionta S. Differential neural encoding of sensorimotor and visual body representations. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37259. [PMID: 27883017 PMCID: PMC5121642 DOI: 10.1038/srep37259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensorimotor processing specifically impacts mental body representations. In particular, deteriorated somatosensory input (as after complete spinal cord injury) increases the relative weight of visual aspects of body parts’ representations, leading to aberrancies in how images of body parts are mentally manipulated (e.g. mental rotation). This suggests that a sensorimotor or visual reference frame, respectively, can be relatively dominant in local (hands) versus global (full-body) bodily representations. On this basis, we hypothesized that the recruitment of a specific reference frame could be reflected in the activation of sensorimotor versus visual brain networks. To this aim, we directly compared the brain activity associated with mental rotation of hands versus full-bodies. Mental rotation of hands recruited more strongly the supplementary motor area, premotor cortex, and secondary somatosensory cortex. Conversely, mental rotation of full-bodies determined stronger activity in temporo-occipital regions, including the functionally-localized extrastriate body area. These results support that (1) sensorimotor and visual frames of reference are used to represent the body, (2) two distinct brain networks encode local or global bodily representations, and (3) the extrastriate body area is a multimodal region involved in body processing both at the perceptual and representational level.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Perruchoud
- The Laboratory for Investigative Neurophysiology (The LINE), Department of Radiology and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospital Center (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lars Michels
- Institute of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marco Piccirelli
- Institute of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roger Gassert
- Rehabilitation Engineering Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Silvio Ionta
- The Laboratory for Investigative Neurophysiology (The LINE), Department of Radiology and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospital Center (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Rehabilitation Engineering Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
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