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Aburai K, Hatanaka K, Takano S, Fujii S, Sakurai K. Characterizing an siRNA-Containing Lipid-Nanoparticle Prepared by a Microfluidic Reactor: Small-Angle X-ray Scattering and Cryotransmission Electron Microscopic Studies. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:12545-12554. [PMID: 32988200 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c01079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A new cationic-lipid/siRNA particle that was designed to deliver siRNA was investigated by the combination of small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), asymmetric field flow fractionation coupled with multiangle light scattering, and cryotransmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM). The particle was prepared through two-step mixing using a microfluidic technique. In the first step, siRNA was premixed with a cationic lipid in an EtOH-rich solution. In the second step, the premixed solution was mixed with other lipids, followed by solvent exchange with water. SAXS showed formation of a siRNA/cationic lipid pair in the first step, and this pair consisted of the major part of the core in the final particle. The relationship between the hydrodynamic radius and the radius of gyration indicated the formation of a densely packed core and PEG-rich shell, confirming a well-known core-shell model. SAXS and cryo-TEM showed that the ordering of the core structure enhanced as the siRNA content increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Aburai
- Research Function Units, R&D Division, Kyowa Kirin Company, Ltd., 3-6-6, Asahi-machi, Machida-shi, Tokyo 194-8533, Japan
| | - Kentaro Hatanaka
- Research Function Units, R&D Division, Kyowa Kirin Company, Ltd., 3-6-6, Asahi-machi, Machida-shi, Tokyo 194-8533, Japan
| | - Shin Takano
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Engineering, University of Kitakyushu, 1-1, Hibikino, Kitakyushu 808-0135, Japan
| | - Shota Fujii
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Engineering, University of Kitakyushu, 1-1, Hibikino, Kitakyushu 808-0135, Japan
| | - Kazuo Sakurai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Engineering, University of Kitakyushu, 1-1, Hibikino, Kitakyushu 808-0135, Japan
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Sakuragi M, Zushi T, Seguchi R, Arai T, Taguchi K, Kusakabe K. Locational Analysis of Glutathione in Liposomes by Using Small-angle X-ray Scattering. CHEM LETT 2017. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.160932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Di Cola E, Grillo I, Ristori S. Small Angle X-ray and Neutron Scattering: Powerful Tools for Studying the Structure of Drug-Loaded Liposomes. Pharmaceutics 2016; 8:pharmaceutics8020010. [PMID: 27043614 PMCID: PMC4932473 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics8020010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanovectors, such as liposomes, micelles and lipid nanoparticles, are recognized as efficient platforms for delivering therapeutic agents, especially those with low solubility in water. Besides being safe and non-toxic, drug carriers with improved performance should meet the requirements of (i) appropriate size and shape and (ii) cargo upload/release with unmodified properties. Structural issues are of primary importance to control the mechanism of action of loaded vectors. Overall properties, such as mean diameter and surface charge, can be obtained using bench instruments (Dynamic Light Scattering and Zeta potential). However, techniques with higher space and time resolution are needed for in-depth structural characterization. Small-angle X-ray (SAXS) and neutron (SANS) scattering techniques provide information at the nanoscale and have therefore been largely used to investigate nanovectors loaded with drugs or other biologically relevant molecules. Here we revise recent applications of these complementary scattering techniques in the field of drug delivery in pharmaceutics and medicine with a focus to liposomal carriers. In particular, we highlight those aspects that can be more commonly accessed by the interested users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Di Cola
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Physique (LIPhy), Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS-UMR 5588, 140 rue de la Physique, 38402 Saint-Martin-d'Hères, France.
| | - Isabelle Grillo
- Institut Laue-Langevin (ILL) DS/LSS, CS 20156-38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France.
| | - Sandra Ristori
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
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Fujii S, Nishimura T, Sakurai K. Thermodynamics of Lipoplex Formation: Relationship between the Lipid Alkyl Tail Length and Thermodynamic Functions. CHEM LETT 2012. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2012.501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shota Fujii
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Kitakyushu
| | - Tomoki Nishimura
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Kitakyushu
| | - Kazuo Sakurai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Kitakyushu
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Mochizuki S, Kamikawa Y, Nishina K, Fujii S, Hamada E, Kusuki S, Matsuo T, Sakurai K. Relationship between DNA-Transfection Efficiency and Chemical Structures of Aromatic Cationic Lipids. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2012. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20110296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yumi Kamikawa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Kitakyushu
| | - Koichi Nishina
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Kitakyushu
| | - Shota Fujii
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Kitakyushu
| | - Emi Hamada
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Kitakyushu
| | - Shota Kusuki
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Kitakyushu
| | - Takuma Matsuo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Kitakyushu
| | - Kazuo Sakurai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Kitakyushu
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency
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IINO C, SAKURAGI M, MASUNAGA H, SAKURAI K. DNA Chain Length and Base Molecule Dependence of the Supramolecular Structures Formed by Benzyl Amine Derivates/DNA Complexes. KOBUNSHI RONBUNSHU 2012. [DOI: 10.1295/koron.69.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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7
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Matsuo T, Fujii S, Kamikawa Y, Nishimura T, Sanada Y, Mochizuki S, Sakurai K. Quaternary-ammonium-bearing Aromatic Surfactants: Effect of the Alkyl Chain Positions on Their Micelle and DNA-complex Structures. CHEM LETT 2011. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2011.1340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Tamura G, Shinohara Y, Tamura A, Sanada Y, Oishi M, Akiba I, Nagasaki Y, Sakurai K, Amemiya Y. Dependence of the swelling behavior of a pH-responsive PEG-modified nanogel on the cross-link density. Polym J 2011. [DOI: 10.1038/pj.2011.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Sakuragi M, Mochizuki S, Sakurai K. Increased Cellular Transfection with Magnetized DNA/Benzyl Amine Lipid Complexes. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2011. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20110071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Sakuragi M, Koiwai K, Nakamura K, Masunaga H, Ogawa H, Sakurai K. Transformation from Multilamellar to Unilamellar Vesicles by Addition of a Cationic Lipid to PEGylated Liposomes Explored with Synchrotron Small Angle X-ray Scattering. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/272/1/012011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Nishimura T, Cho T, Kelley AM, Powell ME, Fossey JS, Bull SD, James TD, Masunaga H, Akiba I, Sakurai K. Synthesis of a Highly Hydrophobic Cationic Lipid and Structural and Thermodynamic Studies for Interaction with DNA. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2010. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20100072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Donkuru M, Badea I, Wettig S, Verrall R, Elsabahy M, Foldvari M. Advancing nonviral gene delivery: lipid- and surfactant-based nanoparticle design strategies. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2010; 5:1103-27. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.10.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy is a technique utilized to treat diseases caused by missing, defective or overexpressing genes. Although viral vectors transfect cells efficiently, risks associated with their use limit their clinical applications. Nonviral delivery systems are safer, easier to manufacture, more versatile and cost effective. However, their transfection efficiency lags behind that of viral vectors. Many groups have dedicated considerable effort to improve the efficiency of nonviral gene delivery systems and are investigating complexes composed of DNA and soft materials such as lipids, polymers, peptides, dendrimers and gemini surfactants. The bottom-up approach in the design of these nanoparticles combines components essential for high levels of transfection, biocompatibility and tissue-targeting ability. This article provides an overview of the strategies employed to improve in vitro and in vivo transfection, focusing on the use of cationic lipids and surfactants as building blocks for nonviral gene delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- McDonald Donkuru
- College of Pharmacy & Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Ildiko Badea
- College of Pharmacy & Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Shawn Wettig
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Ronald Verrall
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Mahmoud Elsabahy
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
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Akiba I, Terada N, Hashida S, Sakurai K, Sato T, Shiraishi K, Yokoyama M, Masunaga H, Ogawa H, Ito K, Yagi N. Encapsulation of a hydrophobic drug into a polymer-micelle core explored with synchrotron SAXS. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:7544-7551. [PMID: 20361731 DOI: 10.1021/la904355p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) at the SPring-8 40B2 and 45XU beamlines was carried out on aqueous solutions of (PEG-P(Asp(Bzl))): partially benzyl-esterified poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(aspartic acid) with LE540 loaded up to 8.3 wt %, where LE540 is a very hydrophobic retinoid antagonist drug. The scattering profiles showed characteristic features for core-shell spherical micelles, confirming that P(Asp(Bzl)) forms a hydrophobic core and PEG forms a hydrophilic shell. Before the addition of LE540, a diffraction peak was observed around q = 4 nm(-1), where q is the magnitude of the scattering vector. This peak can be attributed to ordering between alpha-helices made of P(Asp(Bzl)), the so-called nonspecific hexatic arrangement. The P(Asp(Bzl)) helices disappeared as LE540 was added. This result can be interpreted by assuming a uniform distribution of LE540 in the core. By use of a core-shell spherical micelle model, the SAXS data could be well fitted for all of the samples. The analysis indicated that the core radius increases sigmoidally from 5.9 to 6.9 nm upon addition of LE540 whereas the shell radius stayed at 12.5-12.8 nm. The aggregation number that is the average number of PEG-P(Asp(Bzl))'s consisting of one micelle slightly increased from 145 to 182.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isamu Akiba
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Kitakyushu 808-0135, Japan.
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