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Jenkinson K, Liz-Marzán LM, Bals S. Multimode Electron Tomography Sheds Light on Synthesis, Structure, and Properties of Complex Metal-Based Nanoparticles. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2110394. [PMID: 35438805 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202110394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Electron tomography has become a cornerstone technique for the visualization of nanoparticle morphology in three dimensions. However, to obtain in-depth information about a nanoparticle beyond surface faceting and morphology, different electron microscopy signals must be combined. The most notable examples of these combined signals include annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (ADF-STEM) with different collection angles and the combination of ADF-STEM with energy-dispersive X-ray or electron energy loss spectroscopies. Here, the experimental and computational development of various multimode tomography techniques in connection to the fundamental materials science challenges that multimode tomography has been instrumental to overcoming are summarized. Although the techniques can be applied to a wide variety of compositions, the study is restricted to metal and metal oxide nanoparticles for the sake of simplicity. Current challenges and future directions of multimode tomography are additionally discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kellie Jenkinson
- EMAT and NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, 2020, Belgium
| | - Luis M Liz-Marzán
- CIC biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Donostia-San Sebastián, 20014, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería Biomateriales, y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Donostia-San Sebastián, 20014, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, 48009, Spain
| | - Sara Bals
- EMAT and NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, 2020, Belgium
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Five-second STEM dislocation tomography for 300 nm thick specimen assisted by deep-learning-based noise filtering. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20720. [PMID: 34702955 PMCID: PMC8548491 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99914-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) is suitable for visualizing the inside of a relatively thick specimen than the conventional transmission electron microscopy, whose resolution is limited by the chromatic aberration of image forming lenses, and thus, the STEM mode has been employed frequently for computed electron tomography based three-dimensional (3D) structural characterization and combined with analytical methods such as annular dark field imaging or spectroscopies. However, the image quality of STEM is severely suffered by noise or artifacts especially when rapid imaging, in the order of millisecond per frame or faster, is pursued. Here we demonstrate a deep-learning-assisted rapid STEM tomography, which visualizes 3D dislocation arrangement only within five-second acquisition of all the tilt-series images even in a 300 nm thick steel specimen. The developed method offers a new platform for various in situ or operando 3D microanalyses in which dealing with relatively thick specimens or covering media like liquid cells are required.
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Hasezaki KL, Saito H, Sannomiya T, Miyazaki H, Gondo T, Miyazaki S, Hata S. Three-dimensional visualization of dislocations in a ferromagnetic material by magnetic-field-free electron tomography. Ultramicroscopy 2017; 182:249-257. [PMID: 28779615 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2017.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In conventional transmission electron microscopy, specimens to be observed are placed in between the objective lens pole piece and therefore exposed to a strong magnetic field about 2 T. For a ferromagnetic specimen, magnetization of the specimen causes isotropic and anisotropic defocusing, deflection of the electron beam as well as deformation of the specimen, which all become more severe when the specimen tilted. Therefore electron tomography on a ferromagnetic crystalline specimen is highly challenging because tilt-series data sets must be acquired without changing the excitation condition of a specific diffraction spot. In this study, a scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) tomography method without magnetizing a ferromagnetic specimen has been developed for three-dimensional (3D) visualization of dislocations in α-Fe, which is a typical ferromagnetic material. Magnetic-field-free environment down to 0.38 ± 0.07 mT at the specimen position is realized by demagnetizing the objective lens pole piece of a commercial STEM instrument. By using a spherical aberration corrector with the magnetic-field-free environment, an "aberration corrected Low-Mag STEM mode" with no objective lens field reaches a convergence semi angle ∼1 mrad and a spatial resolution ∼5 nm, and shows an adequate performance of imaging dislocations under a two-beam excitation condition for a low-index diffracted beam. The illumination condition for the aberration corrected Low-Mag STEM mode gives no overlap between the direct beam disk (spot) and neighboring diffraction disks. An electron channeling contrast imaging technique, in which an annular detector was located at a doughnut area between the direct beam and the neighboring diffracted beams, was effectively employed with the aberration corrected Low-Mag STEM mode to keep image intensity high enough even at large specimen-tilt angles. The resultant tomographic observation visualized 3D dislocation arrangements and active slip planes in a deformed α-Fe specimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kana L Hasezaki
- Interdisciplinary Graduate school of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasugakoen, Kasuga-shi, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - Hikaru Saito
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasugakoen, Kasuga-shi, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan.
| | - Takumi Sannomiya
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan
| | - Hiroya Miyazaki
- Mel-Build Corporation, 2-11-36, Ishimaru, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka-shi, Fukuoka 819-0025, Japan
| | - Takashi Gondo
- Mel-Build Corporation, 2-11-36, Ishimaru, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka-shi, Fukuoka 819-0025, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Miyazaki
- Mel-Build Corporation, 2-11-36, Ishimaru, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka-shi, Fukuoka 819-0025, Japan; FEI Company Japan Ltd, (Currently, Materials and Structural Analysis, Thermo Fisher Scientific), 4-12-2 Higashi-Shinagawa, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-0002, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hata
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasugakoen, Kasuga-shi, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan; The Ultramicroscopy Research Center, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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Niehle M, Trampert A. Electron tomography on nanopores embedded in epitaxial GaSb thin films. Micron 2015; 73:54-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2015.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Kacher J, Liu G, Robertson I. In situ and tomographic observations of defect free channel formation in ion irradiated stainless steels. Micron 2012; 43:1099-107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2012.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2011] [Revised: 01/30/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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