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Ferrari P, Delgado-Callico L, Lushchikova OV, Hou GL, Baletto F, Bakker JM, Janssens E. The size-dependent influence of palladium doping on the structures of cationic gold clusters. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:6197-6205. [PMID: 34765870 PMCID: PMC8548875 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00587a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The physicochemical properties of small metal clusters strongly depend on their precise geometry. Determining such geometries, however, is challenging, particularly for clusters formed by multiple elements. In this work, we combine infrared multiple photon dissociation spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations to investigate the lowest-energy structures of Pd doped gold clusters, PdAu n-1 + (n ≤ 10). The high-quality experimental spectra allow for an unambiguous determination of the structures adopted by the clusters. Our results show that the Pd-Au interaction is so large that the structures of PdAu n-1 + and Au n + are very different. Pd doping induces a 2D to 3D transition at much smaller cluster sizes than for pure Au n + clusters. PdAu n-1 + clusters are three-dimensional from n = 4, whereas for Au n + this transition only takes place at n = 7. Despite the strong Au-Pd interaction, the Au n-1 + cluster geometries remain recognizable in PdAu n-1 + up to n = 7. This is particularly clear for PdAu6 +. In PdAu8 + and PdAu9 +, Pd triggers major rearrangements of the Au clusters, which adopt pyramidal shapes. For PdAu4 + we find a geometry that was not considered in previous studies, and the geometry found for PdAu8 + does not correspond to the lowest-energy structure predicted by DFT, suggesting kinetic trapping during formation. This work demonstrates that even with the continuous improvement of computational methods, unambiguous assignment of cluster geometries still requires a synergistic approach, combining experiment and computational modelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piero Ferrari
- Quantum Solid-State Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | | | - Olga V Lushchikova
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Gao-Lei Hou
- Quantum Solid-State Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | | | - Joost M Bakker
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Ewald Janssens
- Quantum Solid-State Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
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2
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Ferrari P, Delgado-Callico L, Lievens P, Baletto F, Janssens E. Stability of cationic silver doped gold clusters and the subshell-closed electronic configuration of AgAu 14. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:244304. [PMID: 33380086 DOI: 10.1063/5.0033487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Silver doping is a valuable route to modulate the structural, electronic, and optical properties of gold clusters. We combine photofragmentation experiments with density functional theory calculations to investigate the relative stability of cationic Ag doped Au clusters, AgAuN-1 + (N ≤ 40). The mass spectra of the clusters after photofragmentation reveal marked drops in the intensity of AgAu8 +, AgAu14 +, and AgAu34 +, indicating a higher relative stability of these sizes. This is confirmed by the calculated AgAuN-1 + (N ≤ 17) dissociation energies peaking for AgAu6 +, AgAu8 +, and AgAu14 +. While the stability of AgAu6 + and AgAu8 + can be explained by the accepted electronic shell model for metal clusters, density of states analysis shows that the geometry plays an important role in the higher relative stability of AgAu14 +. For this size, there is a degeneracy lifting of the 1D shell, which opens a relatively large HOMO-LUMO gap with a subshell-closed 1S21P41P21D6 electronic configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piero Ferrari
- Quantum Solid-State Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Peter Lievens
- Quantum Solid-State Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Francesca Baletto
- Department of Physics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ewald Janssens
- Quantum Solid-State Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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3
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Soleimani‐Amiri S, Koohi M, Azizi Z. Characterization of nonsegregated C
17
Si
3
heterofullerenic isomers using density functional theory method. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201800163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maryam Koohi
- Young Researchers and Elites Club, North Tehran BranchIslamic Azad University Tehran Iran
| | - Zahra Azizi
- Department of Chemistry, Karaj BranchIslamic Azad University Karaj Iran
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Geometrical Structures and Electronic Properties of Ga₆ and Ga₅X (X = B, C, N, O, F, Al, Si, P, S, Cl) Clusters. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11040552. [PMID: 29617277 PMCID: PMC5951436 DOI: 10.3390/ma11040552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Based on the unbiased CALYPSO (Crystal structure Analysis by Particle Swarm Optimization) structure searching method in combination with density functional theory (DFT), the geometrical structures and electronic properties are investigated theoretically for Ga6 and Ga5X (X = B, C, N, O, F, Al, Si, P, S, Cl) clusters. The PBE0 exchange-correlation functional and the 6-311G(d) basis set is carried out to determine global minima on potential energy surfaces. The relative stabilities of the clusters are examined by the binding energies and substitution reaction. Following the predictions of the Jellium model, the Ga5B cluster with the 18 valence electrons is the most stable structure. At last, with the obtained lowest energy structures, some physical properties such as electrons transfer, molecular orbitals, and total and partial densities of states are discussed, respectively.
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Ohshimo K, Akimoto K, Ogawa M, Iwasaki W, Yamamoto H, Tona M, Tsukamoto K, Nakano M, Misaizu F. Correlation between Electronic Shell Structure and Inertness of Cun+ toward O2 Adsorption at n = 15, 21, 41, and 49. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:2927-2932. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b00246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keijiro Ohshimo
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Kengo Akimoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Masato Ogawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Wataru Iwasaki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | | | - Masahide Tona
- Ayabo Corporation, 1 Hosogute, Fukamacho, Anjo 446-0052, Japan
| | - Keizo Tsukamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
- Ayabo Corporation, 1 Hosogute, Fukamacho, Anjo 446-0052, Japan
| | - Motoyoshi Nakano
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
- Institute for Excellence in Higher Education, Tohoku University, 41 Kawauchi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8576, Japan
| | - Fuminori Misaizu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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McKee ML, Samokhvalov A. Density Functional Study of Neutral and Charged Silver Clusters Agn with n = 2–22. Evolution of Properties and Structure. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:5018-5028. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b03905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael L. McKee
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 179 Chemistry Building, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Alexander Samokhvalov
- Department
of Chemistry, 315 Penn
Street, Rutgers University, Camden, New Jersey 08102, United States
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Schmidt M, Masson A, Cheng HP, Bréchignac C. Physisorption and Chemisorption on Silver Clusters. Chemphyschem 2015; 16:855-65. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201402726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Pedicini AF, Reber AC, Khanna SN. The effect of sulfur covalent bonding on the electronic shells of silver clusters. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:164317. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4827091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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9
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Gamboa GU, Reber AC, Khanna SN. Electronic subshell splitting controls the atomic structure of charged and neutral silver clusters. NEW J CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3nj01075a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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