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Reddy MV, Julien CM, Mauger A, Zaghib K. Sulfide and Oxide Inorganic Solid Electrolytes for All-Solid-State Li Batteries: A Review. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E1606. [PMID: 32824170 PMCID: PMC7466729 DOI: 10.3390/nano10081606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Energy storage materials are finding increasing applications in our daily lives, for devices such as mobile phones and electric vehicles. Current commercial batteries use flammable liquid electrolytes, which are unsafe, toxic, and environmentally unfriendly with low chemical stability. Recently, solid electrolytes have been extensively studied as alternative electrolytes to address these shortcomings. Herein, we report the early history, synthesis and characterization, mechanical properties, and Li+ ion transport mechanisms of inorganic sulfide and oxide electrolytes. Furthermore, we highlight the importance of the fabrication technology and experimental conditions, such as the effects of pressure and operating parameters, on the electrochemical performance of all-solid-state Li batteries. In particular, we emphasize promising electrolyte systems based on sulfides and argyrodites, such as LiPS5Cl and β-Li3PS4, oxide electrolytes, bare and doped Li7La3Zr2O12 garnet, NASICON-type structures, and perovskite electrolyte materials. Moreover, we discuss the present and future challenges that all-solid-state batteries face for large-scale industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mogalahalli V. Reddy
- Centre of Excellence in Transportation Electrification and Energy Storage (CETEES), Institute of Research Hydro-Québec, 1806, Lionel-Boulet Blvd., Varennes, QC J3X 1S1, Canada;
| | - Christian M. Julien
- Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie (IMPMC), Sorbonne Université, UMR-CNRS 7590, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Paris, France;
| | - Alain Mauger
- Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie (IMPMC), Sorbonne Université, UMR-CNRS 7590, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Paris, France;
| | - Karim Zaghib
- Department of Mining and Materials Engineering, McGill University, Wong Building, 3610 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A OC5, Canada
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Abstract
There are two types of solid electrolytes which has been recently expected to be applied to all-solid-state batteries. One is the glasses characterized by an amorphous state. The other is the glass ceramics containing crystalline in an amorphous matrix. However, the non-crystalline state of glasses and glass ceramics is still an open question. It has been anticipated that sea-island and core-shell structures including crystalline nanoparticles have been proposed as candidate models for glass ceramics. Nevertheless, no direct observation has been conducted so far. Here we report the non-crystalline state of Li2S–P2S5 glasses and glass ceramics, and the crystallization behavior of the glasses during heating via direct transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation. High resolution TEM images clearly revealed the presence of crystalline nanoparticles in an amorphous region. Eventually we suggest that the precipitation and connection of crystalline nanoparticles in an amorphous matrix are key to achieving high ionic conductivity.
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Chu IH, Nguyen H, Hy S, Lin YC, Wang Z, Xu Z, Deng Z, Meng YS, Ong SP. Insights into the Performance Limits of the Li7P3S11 Superionic Conductor: A Combined First-Principles and Experimental Study. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:7843-53. [PMID: 26950604 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b00833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The Li7P3S11 glass-ceramic is a promising superionic conductor electrolyte (SCE) with an extremely high Li(+) conductivity that exceeds that of even traditional organic electrolytes. In this work, we present a combined computational and experimental investigation of the material performance limitations in terms of its phase and electrochemical stability, and Li(+) conductivity. We find that Li7P3S11 is metastable at 0 K but becomes stable at above 630 K (∼360 °C) when vibrational entropy contributions are accounted for, in agreement with differential scanning calorimetry measurements. Both scanning electron microscopy and the calculated Wulff shape show that Li7P3S11 tends to form relatively isotropic crystals. In terms of electrochemical stability, first-principles calculations predict that, unlike the LiCoO2 cathode, the olivine LiFePO4 and spinel LiMn2O4 cathodes are likely to form stable passivation interfaces with the Li7P3S11 SCE. This finding underscores the importance of considering multicomponent integration in developing an all-solid-state architecture. To probe the fundamental limit of its bulk Li(+) conductivity, a comparison of conventional cold-press sintered versus spark-plasma sintering (SPS) Li7P3S11 was done in conjunction with ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations. Though the measured diffusion activation barriers are in excellent agreement, the AIMD-predicted room-temperature Li(+) conductivity of 57 mS cm(-1) is much higher than the experimental values. The optimized SPS sample exhibits a room-temperature Li(+) conductivity of 11.6 mS cm(-1), significantly higher than that of the cold-pressed sample (1.3 mS cm(-1)) due to the reduction of grain boundary resistance by densification. We conclude that grain boundary conductivity is limiting the overall Li(+) conductivity in Li7P3S11, and further optimization of overall conductivities should be possible. Finally, we show that Li(+) motions in this material are highly collective, and the flexing of the P2S7 ditetrahedra facilitates fast Li(+) diffusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iek-Heng Chu
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0448, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Han Nguyen
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0448, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Sunny Hy
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0448, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Yuh-Chieh Lin
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0448, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Zhenbin Wang
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0448, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Zihan Xu
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0448, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Zhi Deng
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0448, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Ying Shirley Meng
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0448, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Shyue Ping Ong
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0448, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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Ohara K, Mitsui A, Mori M, Onodera Y, Shiotani S, Koyama Y, Orikasa Y, Murakami M, Shimoda K, Mori K, Fukunaga T, Arai H, Uchimoto Y, Ogumi Z. Structural and electronic features of binary Li₂S-P₂S₅ glasses. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21302. [PMID: 26892385 PMCID: PMC4759574 DOI: 10.1038/srep21302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The atomic and electronic structures of binary Li2S-P2S5 glasses used as solid electrolytes are modeled by a combination of density functional theory (DFT) and reverse Monte Carlo (RMC) simulation using synchrotron X-ray diffraction, neutron diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy data. The ratio of PSx polyhedral anions based on the Raman spectroscopic results is reflected in the glassy structures of the 67Li2S-33P2S5, 70Li2S-30P2S5, and 75Li2S-25P2S5 glasses, and the plausible structures represent the lithium ion distributions around them. It is found that the edge sharing between PSx and LiSy polyhedra increases at a high Li2S content, and the free volume around PSx polyhedra decreases. It is conjectured that Li+ ions around the face of PSx polyhedra are clearly affected by the polarization of anions. The electronic structure of the DFT/RMC model suggests that the electron transfer between the P ion and the bridging sulfur (BS) ion weakens the positive charge of the P ion in the P2S7 anions. The P2S7 anions of the weak electrostatic repulsion would causes it to more strongly attract Li+ ions than the PS4 and P2S6 anions, and suppress the lithium ionic conduction. Thus, the control of the edge sharing between PSx and LiSy polyhedra without the electron transfer between the P ion and the BS ion is expected to facilitate lithium ionic conduction in the above solid electrolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Ohara
- Office of Society-Academia Collaboration for Innovation, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Akio Mitsui
- Office of Society-Academia Collaboration for Innovation, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.,Material Analysis Department, Material Development Division, TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION, 1, Toyota-cho, Toyota, Aichi 471-8572, Japan
| | - Masahiro Mori
- Office of Society-Academia Collaboration for Innovation, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yohei Onodera
- Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University, 2-1010 Asashiro-Nishi, Kumatori-cho, Sennan-gun, Osaka 590-0494, Japan
| | - Shinya Shiotani
- Office of Society-Academia Collaboration for Innovation, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yukinori Koyama
- Office of Society-Academia Collaboration for Innovation, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yuki Orikasa
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Yoshida-nihonmatsu-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Miwa Murakami
- Office of Society-Academia Collaboration for Innovation, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Keiji Shimoda
- Office of Society-Academia Collaboration for Innovation, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Mori
- Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University, 2-1010 Asashiro-Nishi, Kumatori-cho, Sennan-gun, Osaka 590-0494, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Fukunaga
- Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University, 2-1010 Asashiro-Nishi, Kumatori-cho, Sennan-gun, Osaka 590-0494, Japan
| | - Hajime Arai
- Office of Society-Academia Collaboration for Innovation, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Uchimoto
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Yoshida-nihonmatsu-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Zempachi Ogumi
- Office of Society-Academia Collaboration for Innovation, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
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