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Tahir NA, Bagnoud V, Neumayer P, Piriz AR, Piriz SA. Production of diamond using intense heavy ion beams at the FAIR facility and application to planetary physics. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1459. [PMID: 36702850 PMCID: PMC9879936 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28709-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Diamonds are supposedly abundantly present in different objects in the Universe including meteorites, carbon-rich stars as well as carbon-rich extrasolar planets. Moreover, the prediction that in deep layers of Uranus and Neptune, methane may undergo a process of phase separation into diamond and hydrogen, has been experimentally verified. In particular, high power lasers have been used to study this problem. It is therefore important from the point of view of astrophysics and planetary physics, to further study the production processes of diamond in the laboratory. In the present paper, we present numerical simulations of implosion of a solid carbon sample using an intense uranium beam that is to be delivered by the heavy ion synchrotron, SIS100, that is under construction at the Facility for Antiprotons and Ion Research (FAIR), at Darmstadt. These calculations show that using our proposed experimental scheme, one can generate the extreme pressure and temperature conditions, necessary to produce diamonds of mm3 dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naeem Ahmad Tahir
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstraße 1, 64291, Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Vincent Bagnoud
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstraße 1, 64291, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Paul Neumayer
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstraße 1, 64291, Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - Sofia Ayelen Piriz
- E.T.S.I. Industriales, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
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Do A, Weber CR, Dewald EL, Casey DT, Clark DS, Khan SF, Landen OL, MacPhee AG, Smalyuk VA. Direct Measurement of Ice-Ablator Interface Motion for Instability Mitigation in Indirect Drive ICF Implosions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:215003. [PMID: 36461978 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.215003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In indirect drive inertial confinement fusion (ICF) implosions hydrodynamic instability growth at the imploding capsule ablator-DT fuel interface can reduce fuel compressibility and inject ablator into the hot spot hence reducing hot spot pressure and temperature. As a mitigation strategy, a gentle acceleration of this interface is predicted by simulations and theory to significantly reduce this instability growth in the early stage of the implosion. We have performed high-contrast, time-resolved x-ray refraction enhanced radiography (RER) to accurately measure the level of acceleration as a function of the initial laser drive time history for indirect-drive implosions on the National Ignition Facility. We demonstrate a transition from no acceleration to 20±1.8 μm ns^{-2} acceleration by tweaking the drive that should reduce the initial instabilities by an order of magnitude at high modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Do
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | | | - Eduard L Dewald
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - Daniel T Casey
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - Daniel S Clark
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - Shahab F Khan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - Otto L Landen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - Andrew G MacPhee
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - Vladimir A Smalyuk
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
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Barbato F, Atzeni S, Batani D, Antonelli L. PhaseX: an X-ray phase-contrast imaging simulation code for matter under extreme conditions. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:3388-3403. [PMID: 35209598 DOI: 10.1364/oe.448479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We present PhaseX, a simulation code for X-ray phase-contrast imaging (XPCI), specially dedicated to the study of matter under extreme conditions (of pressure and density). Indeed, XPCI can greatly benefit the diagnosis of such states of matter. This is due to the noticeable contrast enhancement obtained thanks to the exploitation of both attenuation and phase-shift of the electromagnetic waves crossing the sample to be diagnosed. PhaseX generates synthetic images with and without phase contrast. Thanks to its modular design PhaseX can adapt to any imaging set-up and accept as inputs objects generated by hydrodynamic or particle-in-cell codes. We illustrate Phase-X capabilities by showing a few examples concerning laser-driven implosions and laser-driven shock waves.
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Dewald EL, Landen OL, Masse L, Ho D, Ping Y, Thorn D, Izumi N, Berzak Hopkins L, Kroll J, Nikroo A, Koch JA. X-ray streaked refraction enhanced radiography for inferring inflight density gradients in ICF capsule implosions. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2018; 89:10G108. [PMID: 30399872 DOI: 10.1063/1.5039346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In the quest for reaching ignition of deuterium-tritium (DT) fuel capsule implosions, experiments on the National Ignition Facility (NIF) have shown lower final fuel areal densities than simulated. Possible explanations for reduced compression are higher preheat that can increase the ablator-DT ice density jump and induce mix at that interface or reverberating shocks. We are hence developing x-ray Refraction Enhanced Radiography (RER) to infer the inflight density profiles in layered fuel capsule implosions. We use a 5 μm slit backlit by a Ni 7.8 keV He-α NIF laser driven x-ray source positioned at 20 mm from the capsule to cast refracted images of the inflight capsule onto a streak camera in a high magnification (M ∼ 60×) setup. Our first experiments have validated our setup that recorded a streaked x-ray fringe pattern from an undriven high density carbon (HDC) capsule consistent with ray tracing calculations at the required ∼6 μm and 25 ps resolution. Streaked RER was then applied to inflight layered HDC capsule implosions using a hydrogen-tritium fuel mix rather than DT to reduce neutron yields and associated backgrounds. The first RER of an imploding capsule revealed strong features associated with the ablation front and ice-ablator interface that are not visible in standard absorption radiographs.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L Dewald
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - O L Landen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - L Masse
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - D Ho
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Y Ping
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - D Thorn
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - N Izumi
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - L Berzak Hopkins
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J Kroll
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - A Nikroo
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J A Koch
- Nevada National Security Site, 161 S. Vasco Road Livermore, California 94551, USA
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