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Hiebert TC, Gemmell BJ, von Dassow G, Conley KR, Sutherland KR. The hydrodynamics and kinematics of the appendicularian tail underpin peristaltic pumping. J R Soc Interface 2023; 20:20230404. [PMID: 37989229 PMCID: PMC10688231 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2023.0404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Planktonic organisms feed while suspended in water using various hydrodynamic pumping strategies. Appendicularians are a unique group of plankton that use their tail to pump water over mucous mesh filters to concentrate food particles. As ubiquitous and often abundant members of planktonic ecosystems, they play a major role in oceanic food webs. Yet, we lack a complete understanding of the fluid flow that underpins their filtration. Using high-speed, high-resolution video and micro particle image velocimetry, we describe the kinematics and hydrodynamics of the tail in Oikopleura dioica in filtering and free-swimming postures. We show that sinusoidal waves of the tail generate peristaltic pumping within the tail chamber with fluid moving parallel to the tail when filtering. We find that the tail contacts attachment points along the tail chamber during each beat cycle, serving to seal the tail chamber and drive pumping. When we tested how the pump performs across environmentally relevant temperatures, we found that the amplitude of the tail was invariant but tail beat frequency increased threefold across three temperature treatments (5°C, 15°C and 25°C). Investigation into this unique pumping mechanism gives insight into the ecological success of appendicularians and provides inspiration for novel pump designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terra C. Hiebert
- Oregon Institute of Marine Biology, University of Oregon, OR 97420, USA
| | - Brad J. Gemmell
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - George von Dassow
- Oregon Institute of Marine Biology, University of Oregon, OR 97420, USA
| | - Keats R. Conley
- Oregon Institute of Marine Biology, University of Oregon, OR 97420, USA
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2
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Sharma SK, Grewal HS. Tribological Behavior of Bioinspired Surfaces. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:biomimetics8010062. [PMID: 36810393 PMCID: PMC9944884 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8010062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Energy losses due to various tribological phenomena pose a significant challenge to sustainable development. These energy losses also contribute toward increased emissions of greenhouse gases. Various attempts have been made to reduce energy consumption through the use of various surface engineering solutions. The bioinspired surfaces can provide a sustainable solution to address these tribological challenges by minimizing friction and wear. The current study majorly focuses on the recent advancements in the tribological behavior of bioinspired surfaces and bio-inspired materials. The miniaturization of technological devices has increased the need to understand micro- and nano-scale tribological behavior, which could significantly reduce energy wastage and material degradation. Integrating advanced research methods is crucial in developing new aspects of structures and characteristics of biological materials. Depending upon the interaction of the species with the surrounding, the present study is divided into segments depicting the tribological behavior of the biological surfaces inspired by animals and plants. The mimicking of bio-inspired surfaces resulted in significant noise, friction, and drag reduction, promoting the development of anti-wear and anti-adhesion surfaces. Along with the reduction in friction through the bioinspired surface, a few studies providing evidence for the enhancement in the frictional properties were also depicted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Kumar Sharma
- Surface Science and Tribology Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence, Gautam Buddha Nagar 201314, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Harpreet Singh Grewal
- Surface Science and Tribology Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence, Gautam Buddha Nagar 201314, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Ibrahim WARAW, Rahim IA, Suandi MEM, Muhammad N, Rifqie M, Syakir MA, Nabila NA, Izzati N. The mechanism analysis of belt-pulley driven spray plunger pump. ADVANCES IN MATERIAL SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING 2023. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0117973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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Wanieck K, Hamann L, Bartz M, Uttich E, Hollermann M, Drack M, Beismann H. Biomimetics Linked to Classical Product Development: An Interdisciplinary Endeavor to Develop a Technical Standard. Biomimetics (Basel) 2022; 7:biomimetics7020036. [PMID: 35466253 PMCID: PMC9036278 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics7020036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomimetics is a well-known approach for technical innovation. However, most of its influence remains in the academic field. One option for increasing its application in the practice of technical design is to enhance the use of the biomimetic process with a step-by-step standard, building a bridge to common engineering procedures. This article presents the endeavor of an interdisciplinary expert panel from the fields of biology, engineering science, and industry to develop a standard that links biomimetics to the classical processes of product development and engineering design. This new standard, VDI 6220 Part 2, proposes a process description that is compatible and connectable to classical approaches in engineering design. The standard encompasses both the solution-based and the problem-driven process of biomimetics. It is intended to be used in any product development process for more biomimetic applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Wanieck
- Faculty of Applied Informatics, Deggendorf Institute of Technology (DIT), Teaching Area Biomimetics and Innovation, Grafenauer Str. 22, 94078 Freyung, Germany;
| | - Leandra Hamann
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Animal Ecology, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Marcel Bartz
- Engineering Design, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Martensstraße 9, 91058 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Eike Uttich
- Product Development, Institute Product and Service Engineering, Faculty Mechanical Engineering, Ruhr-University Bochum (RUB), Universitaetsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany;
| | - Markus Hollermann
- Die Bioniker GbR/ELISE GmbH, Consulting & Development, Im Mersch 14, 49577 Eggermühlen, Germany;
| | - Manfred Drack
- Evolutionary Biology of Invertebrates, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28E, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
| | - Heike Beismann
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Westphalian University of Applied Sciences, Teaching Area Biology and Biomimetics, Münsterstr. 265, 46397 Bocholt, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-2871-2155-944
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Moritz L, Borisova E, Hammel JU, Blanke A, Wesener T. A previously unknown feeding mode in millipedes and the convergence of fluid feeding across arthropods. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabm0577. [PMID: 35171667 PMCID: PMC8849289 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm0577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
We report fluid feeding with a sucking pump in the arthropod class Diplopoda, using a combination of synchrotron tomography, histology, electron microscopy, and three-dimensional reconstructions. Within the head of nine species of the enigmatic Colobognatha, we found a pumping chamber, which acts as positive displacement pump and is notably similar to that of insects, showing even fine structural convergences. The sucking pump of these millipedes works together with protractible mouthparts and externally secreted saliva for the acquisition of liquid food. Fluid feeding is one of the great evolutionary innovations of terrestrial arthropods, and our study suggests that it evolved with similar biomechanical solutions convergent across all major arthropod taxa. While fluid-feeding insects are megadiverse today, it remains unclear why other lineages, such as Colobognatha, are comparably species poor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leif Moritz
- Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Section Myriapoda, Adenauerallee 160, 53113 Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Animal Ecology, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
- Corresponding author.
| | - Elena Borisova
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Jörg U. Hammel
- Institute of Materials Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Max-Planck-Str. 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Alexander Blanke
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Animal Ecology, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas Wesener
- Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Section Myriapoda, Adenauerallee 160, 53113 Bonn, Germany
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Hamann L, Blanke A. Suspension feeders: diversity, principles of particle separation and biomimetic potential. J R Soc Interface 2022; 19:20210741. [PMID: 35078340 PMCID: PMC8790370 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2021.0741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Suspension feeders (SFs) evolved a high diversity of mechanisms, sometimes with remarkably convergent morphologies, to retain plankton, detritus and man-made particles with particle sizes ranging from less than 1 µm to several centimetres. Based on an extensive literature review, also including the physical and technical principles of solid-liquid separation, we developed a set of 18 ecological and technical parameters to review 35 taxa of suspension-feeding Metazoa covering the diversity of morphological and functional principles. This includes passive SFs, such as gorgonians or crinoids that use the ambient flow to encounter particles, and sponges, bivalves or baleen whales, which actively create a feeding current. Separation media can be flat or funnel-shaped, built externally such as the filter houses in larvaceans, or internally, like the pleated gills in bivalves. Most SFs feed in the intermediate flow region of Reynolds number 1-50 and have cleaning mechanisms that allow for continuous feeding. Comparison of structure-function patterns in SFs to current filtration technologies highlights potential solutions to common technical design challenges, such as mucus nets which increase particle adhesion in ascidians, vanes which reduce pressure losses in whale sharks and changing mesh sizes in the flamingo beak which allow quick adaptation to particle sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandra Hamann
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Animal Ecology, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Alexander Blanke
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Animal Ecology, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
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Drack M, Limpinsel M, de Bruyn G, Nebelsick JH, Betz O. Towards a theoretical clarification of biomimetics using conceptual tools from engineering design. BIOINSPIRATION & BIOMIMETICS 2017; 13:016007. [PMID: 29235451 DOI: 10.1088/1748-3190/aa967c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Many successful examples of biomimetic products are available, and most research efforts in this emerging field are directed towards the development of specific applications. The theoretical and conceptual underpinnings of the knowledge transfer between biologists, engineers and architects are, however, poorly investigated. The present article addresses this gap. We use a 'technomorphic' approach, i.e. the application of conceptual tools derived from engineering design, to better understand the processes operating during a typical biomimetic research project. This helps to elucidate the formal connections between functions, working principles and constructions (in a broad sense)-because the 'form-function-relationship' is a recurring issue in biology and engineering. The presented schema also serves as a conceptual framework that can be implemented for future biomimetic projects. The concepts of 'function' and 'working principle' are identified as the core elements in the biomimetic knowledge transfer towards applications. This schema not only facilitates the development of a common language in the emerging science of biomimetics, but also promotes the interdisciplinary dialogue among its subdisciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Drack
- Evolutionary Biology of Invertebrates, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Structural and physical determinants of the proboscis-sucking pump complex in the evolution of fluid-feeding insects. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6582. [PMID: 28747640 PMCID: PMC5529602 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06391-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluid-feeding insects have evolved a unique strategy to distribute the labor between a liquid-acquisition device (proboscis) and a sucking pump. We theoretically examined physical constraints associated with coupling of the proboscis and sucking pump into a united functional organ. Classification of fluid feeders with respect to the mechanism of energy dissipation is given by using only two dimensionless parameters that depend on the length and diameter of the proboscis food canal, maximum expansion of the sucking pump chamber, and chamber size. Five species of Lepidoptera — White-headed prominent moth (Symmerista albifrons), White-dotted prominent moth (Nadata gibosa), Monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus), Carolina sphinx moth (Manduca sexta), and Death’s head sphinx moth (Acherontia atropos) — were used to illustrate this classification. The results provide a rationale for categorizing fluid-feeding insects into two groups, depending on whether muscular energy is spent on moving fluid through the proboscis or through the pump. These findings are relevant to understanding energetic costs of evolutionary elaboration and reduction of the mouthparts and insect diversification through development of new habits by fluid-feeding insects in general and by Lepidoptera in particular.
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Development of Novel Foam-Based Soft Robotic Ring Actuators for a Biomimetic Peristaltic Pumping System. BIOMIMETIC AND BIOHYBRID SYSTEMS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-63537-8_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
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Uslu FE, Pekkan K. Mytilus galloprovincialis as a smart micro-pump. Biol Open 2016; 5:1493-1499. [PMID: 27612512 PMCID: PMC5087679 DOI: 10.1242/bio.021048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrodynamic performance of the marine mussel, Mytilus galloprovincialis, is studied with time-resolved particle image velocimetry. We evaluated inhalant flow, exhalant jet flow, suction performance and flow control capabilities of the mussels quantitatively. Inhalant flow structures of mussels are measured at the coronal plane for the first time in literature. Nutrient fluid is convected into the mussel by three-dimensional sink flow. Inhalant velocity reaches its highest magnitude inside the mussel mantle while it is accelerating outward from the mussels. We calculated pressure gradient at the coronal plane. As inhalant flow approaches the mussel shell tip, suction force generated by the inhalant flow increases and becomes significant at the shell tip. Likewise, exhalant jet flow regimes were studied for 17 mussels. Mussels can control their exhalant jet flow structure from a single potential core region to double potential core region or vice versa. Peak exhalant jet velocity generated by the mussels changes between 2.77 cm s-1 and 11.1 cm s-1 as a function of mussel cavity volume. Measurements of hydrodynamic dissipation at the sagittal plane revealed no interaction between the inhalant and exhalant jet flow, indicating energy-efficient synchronized pumping mechanism. This efficient pumping mechanism is associated with the flow-turning angle between inhalant and exhalant jet flows, ∼90° (s.d. 12°).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazil E Uslu
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Koc University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Kerem Pekkan
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Koc University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
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A Review of Natural Joint Systems and Numerical Investigation of Bio-Inspired GFRP-to-Steel Joints. MATERIALS 2016; 9:ma9070566. [PMID: 28773688 PMCID: PMC5456843 DOI: 10.3390/ma9070566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
There are a great variety of joint types used in nature which can inspire engineering joints. In order to design such biomimetic joints, it is at first important to understand how biological joints work. A comprehensive literature review, considering natural joints from a mechanical point of view, was undertaken. This was used to develop a taxonomy based on the different methods/functions that nature successfully uses to attach dissimilar tissues. One of the key methods that nature uses to join dissimilar materials is a transitional zone of stiffness at the insertion site. This method was used to propose bio-inspired solutions with a transitional zone of stiffness at the joint site for several glass fibre reinforced plastic (GFRP) to steel adhesively bonded joint configurations. The transition zone was used to reduce the material stiffness mismatch of the joint parts. A numerical finite element model was used to identify the optimum variation in material stiffness that minimises potential failure of the joint. The best bio-inspired joints showed a 118% increase of joint strength compared to the standard joints.
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