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Goudenhooft C, Melelli A, Durand S, Falourd X, Le-Bot L, Morgillo L, Gaballah S, Cortopassi R, Quiles A, Shah DU, Jamme F, Beaugrand J, Bourmaud A. Comparison of kink-band structures and specificities of cell wall polysaccharides in modern and ancient flax fibres. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 344:122526. [PMID: 39218549 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) is a plant of industrial importance, its fibres being presently used for high-value textile applications, composite reinforcements as well as natural actuators. Human interest in this fibre-rich plant dates back several millennia, including to Ancient Egypt where flax was used extensively in various quotidian items. While the recent technical developments of flax fibres continue to diversify through scientific research, the historical use of flax also has rich lessons for today. Through careful examination of ancient Egyptian and modern flax fibres, this study aims to conduct a multi-scale characterization from the yarn to the fibre cell wall scale, linking differences in structure and polysaccharide content to the mechanical performance and durability of flax. Here, a multi-scale biochemical study is enriched by scanning electron microscopy and nanomechanical investigations. A key finding is the similarity of cellulose features, crystallinity index and local mechanical performances between ancient and modern fibres. Biochemically speaking, monosaccharides analysis, deep-UV and NMR investigations demonstrate that ancient fibres exhibit less pectins but a similar hemicellulosic content, especially through uronic acids and galactose, suggesting the sensitivity of these non-crystalline components.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sylvie Durand
- INRAE, UR1268 BIA Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages, 44316 Nantes, France
| | - Xavier Falourd
- INRAE, UR1268 BIA Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages, 44316 Nantes, France; INRAE, BIBS facility, PROBE infrastructure, 44316 Nantes, France
| | - Lucie Le-Bot
- INRAE, UR1268 BIA Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages, 44316 Nantes, France
| | - Loren Morgillo
- Univ. Bretagne Sud, UMR CNRS 6027, IRDL, Lorient, France
| | - Sanaa Gaballah
- Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale du Caire, Le Caire, Egypt
| | - Roberta Cortopassi
- Musée du Louvre, Département des Antiquités Egyptiennes, 75058 Paris, cedex 1, France
| | - Anita Quiles
- Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale du Caire, Le Caire, Egypt
| | - Darshil U Shah
- Centre for Natural Material Innovation, Department of Architecture, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1PX, United Kingdom
| | - Frédéric Jamme
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, DISCO beamline, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Johnny Beaugrand
- INRAE, UR1268 BIA Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages, 44316 Nantes, France
| | - Alain Bourmaud
- Univ. Bretagne Sud, UMR CNRS 6027, IRDL, Lorient, France
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Kanapin A, Rozhmina T, Bankin M, Surkova S, Duk M, Osyagina E, Samsonova M. Genetic Determinants of Fiber-Associated Traits in Flax Identified by Omics Data Integration. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:14536. [PMID: 36498863 PMCID: PMC9738745 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we explore potential genetic factors in control of flax phenotypes associated with fiber by mining a collection of 306 flax accessions from the Federal Research Centre of the Bast Fiber Crops, Torzhok, Russia. In total, 11 traits were assessed in the course of 3 successive years. A genome-wide association study was performed for each phenotype independently using six different single-locus models implemented in the GAPIT3 R package. Moreover, we applied a multivariate linear mixed model implemented in the GEMMA package to account for trait correlations and potential pleiotropic effects of polymorphisms. The analyses revealed a number of genomic variants associated with different fiber traits, implying the complex and polygenic control. All stable variants demonstrate a statistically significant allelic effect across all 3 years of the experiment. We tested the validity of the predicted variants using gene expression data available for the flax fiber studies. The results shed new light on the processes and pathways associated with the complex fiber traits, while the pinpointed candidate genes may be further used for marker-assisted selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kanapin
- Centre for Computational Biology, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Tatyana Rozhmina
- Laboratory of Breeding Technologies, Federal Research Center for Bast Fiber Crops, 172002 Torzhok, Russia
| | - Mikhail Bankin
- Mathematical Biology & Bioinformatics Laboratory, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Svetlana Surkova
- Mathematical Biology & Bioinformatics Laboratory, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Maria Duk
- Mathematical Biology & Bioinformatics Laboratory, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Theoretical Department, Ioffe Institute, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Osyagina
- Mathematical Biology & Bioinformatics Laboratory, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Maria Samsonova
- Mathematical Biology & Bioinformatics Laboratory, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia
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Melelli A, Jamme F, Beaugrand J, Bourmaud A. Evolution of the ultrastructure and polysaccharide composition of flax fibres over time: When history meets science. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 291:119584. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Impact of cell wall non-cellulosic and cellulosic polymers on the mechanical properties of flax fibre bundles. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 291:119599. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Pantaloni D, Bourmaud A, Baley C, Clifford MJ, Ramage MH, Shah DU. A Review of Permeability and Flow Simulation for Liquid Composite Moulding of Plant Fibre Composites. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13214811. [PMID: 33126553 PMCID: PMC7662610 DOI: 10.3390/ma13214811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Liquid composite moulding (LCM) of plant fibre composites has gained much attention for the development of structural biobased composites. To produce quality composites, better understanding of the resin impregnation process and flow behaviour in plant fibre reinforcements is vital. By reviewing the literature, we aim to identify key plant fibre reinforcement-specific factors that influence, if not govern, the mould filling stage during LCM of plant fibre composites. In particular, the differences in structure (physical and biochemical) for plant and synthetic fibres, their semi-products (i.e., yarns and rovings), and their mats and textiles are shown to have a perceptible effect on their compaction, in-plane permeability, and processing via LCM. In addition to examining the effects of dual-scale flow, resin absorption, (subsequent) fibre swelling, capillarity, and time-dependent saturated and unsaturated permeability that are specific to plant fibre reinforcements, we also review the various models utilised to predict and simulate resin impregnation during LCM of plant fibre composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphin Pantaloni
- Research Institute Dupuy De Lôme (IRDL), Université Bretagne Sud, UMR CNRS 6027 Lorient, France; (D.P.); (A.B.); (C.B.)
| | - Alain Bourmaud
- Research Institute Dupuy De Lôme (IRDL), Université Bretagne Sud, UMR CNRS 6027 Lorient, France; (D.P.); (A.B.); (C.B.)
| | - Christophe Baley
- Research Institute Dupuy De Lôme (IRDL), Université Bretagne Sud, UMR CNRS 6027 Lorient, France; (D.P.); (A.B.); (C.B.)
| | - Mike J. Clifford
- Department of M3, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK;
| | - Michael H. Ramage
- Centre for Natural Material Innovation, Department of Architecture, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1PX, UK;
| | - Darshil U. Shah
- Centre for Natural Material Innovation, Department of Architecture, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1PX, UK;
- Correspondence:
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Goudenhooft C, Bourmaud A, Baley C. Flax ( Linum usitatissimum L.) Fibers for Composite Reinforcement: Exploring the Link Between Plant Growth, Cell Walls Development, and Fiber Properties. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:411. [PMID: 31001310 PMCID: PMC6456768 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Due to the combination of high mechanical performances and plant-based origin, flax fibers are interesting reinforcement for environmentally friendly composite materials. An increasing amount of research articles and reviews focuses on the processing and properties of flax-based products, without taking into account the original key role of flax fibers, namely, reinforcement elements of the flax stem (Linum usitatissimum L.). The ontogeny of the plant, scattering of fiber properties along the plant, or the plant growth conditions are rarely considered. Conversely, exploring the development of flax fibers and parameters influencing the plant mechanical properties (at the whole plant or fiber scale) could be an interesting way to control and/or optimize fiber performances, and to a greater extent, flax fiber-based products. The first part of the present review synthesized the general knowledge about the growth stages of flax plants and the internal organization of the stem biological tissues. Additionally, key findings regarding the development of its fibers, from elongation to thickening, are reviewed to offer a piece of explanation of the uncommon morphological properties of flax fibers. Then, the slenderness of flax is illustrated by comparison of data given in scientific research on herbaceous plants and woody ones. In the second section, a state of the art of the varietal selection of several main industrial crops is given. This section includes the different selection criteria as well as an overview of their impact on plant characteristics. A particular interest is given to the lodging resistance and the understanding of this undesired phenomenon. The third section reviews the influence of the cultural conditions, including seedling rate and its relation with the wind in a plant canopy, as well as the impact of main tropisms (namely, thigmotropism, seismotropism, and gravitropism) on the stem and fiber characteristics. This section illustrates the mechanisms of plant adaptation, and how the environment can modify the plant biomechanical properties. Finally, this review asks botanists, breeders, and farmers' knowledge toward the selection of potential flax varieties dedicated to composite applications, through optimized fiber performances. All along the paper, both fibers morphology and mechanical properties are discussed, in constant link with their use for composite materials reinforcement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alain Bourmaud
- IRDL, UMR CNRS 6027, Université de Bretagne Sud, Lorient, France
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