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Gao J, Li Y, Wu T, Zhou X, Feng J, Cai Y, Guan S, Dai Z, Han J, Gao B. Cell sheet-based in vitrobone defect model for long term evaluation of bone repair materials. Biomed Mater 2023; 18:065026. [PMID: 37852221 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ad0477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Development of tissue-engineeredin vitrohuman bone defect models for evaluation of bone repair materials (BRMs) is a promising approach for addressing both translational and ethical concerns regarding animal models. In this study, human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell sheets were stacked to form a periosteum like tissue. HE staining showed a cell-dense, multilayered structure. BRMs were implanted in the defect area of the three-dimensional (3D) model. The CCK-8 test demonstrated that the 3D model was stronger in resisting the cytotoxicity of three kinds of commercial BRMs than the 2D culture model, which was consistent within vivoresults. After 28 d implantation in the 3D model, western blot and RT-qPCR showed that three materials induced increased expressions of RUNX2, OSX, OCN, OPN, while Materials B and C seemed to have stronger osteoinductivity than A.In vivoexperiments also confirmed the osteoinductivity of the BRMs after 28 and 182 d implantation. Alizarin red staining proved that the mineralized nodules of Materials B and C were more than that of A. The differences of osteogenic properties among three BMRs might be attributed to calcium ion release. This cell sheet-based bone tissue model can resist cytotoxicity of BRMs, demonstrating the priority of long-term evaluation of osteoinductivity of BRMs. Further, the osteoinduction results of the 3D model corresponded to that ofin vivoexperiments, suggesting this model may have a potential to be used as a novel tool for rapid, accurate evaluation of BRMs, and thus shorten their research and development process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Gao
- Institute of Biological and Medical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Research Center for Healthcare Devices, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Key Lab of Medical Electronic Instruments and Polymer Material Products, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqi Li
- Dental Medical Device Testing Center, Peking University School of Stomatology, United States of America
| | - Tingting Wu
- Institute of Biological and Medical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Research Center for Healthcare Devices, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Key Lab of Medical Electronic Instruments and Polymer Material Products, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinting Zhou
- Institute of Biological and Medical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Research Center for Healthcare Devices, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Key Lab of Medical Electronic Instruments and Polymer Material Products, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Feng
- Institute of Biological and Medical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Research Center for Healthcare Devices, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Key Lab of Medical Electronic Instruments and Polymer Material Products, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixuan Cai
- Institute of Biological and Medical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Research Center for Healthcare Devices, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Key Lab of Medical Electronic Instruments and Polymer Material Products, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuwen Guan
- Institute of Biological and Medical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Research Center for Healthcare Devices, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Key Lab of Medical Electronic Instruments and Polymer Material Products, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengning Dai
- Dental Medical Device Testing Center, Peking University School of Stomatology, United States of America
| | - Jianmin Han
- Dental Medical Device Testing Center, Peking University School of Stomatology, United States of America
| | - Botao Gao
- Institute of Biological and Medical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Research Center for Healthcare Devices, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Key Lab of Medical Electronic Instruments and Polymer Material Products, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Watson E, Mikos AG. Advances in In Vitro and In Vivo Bioreactor-Based Bone Generation for Craniofacial Tissue Engineering. BME FRONTIERS 2023; 4:0004. [PMID: 37849672 PMCID: PMC10521661 DOI: 10.34133/bmef.0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Craniofacial reconstruction requires robust bone of specified geometry for the repair to be both functional and aesthetic. While native bone from elsewhere in the body can be harvested, shaped, and implanted within a defect, using either an in vitro or in vivo bioreactors eliminates donor site morbidity while increasing the customizability of the generated tissue. In vitro bioreactors utilize cells harvested from the patient, a scaffold, and a device to increase mass transfer of nutrients, oxygen, and waste, allowing for generation of larger viable tissues. In vivo bioreactors utilize the patient's own body as a source of cells and of nutrient transfer and involve the implantation of a scaffold with or without growth factors adjacent to vasculature, followed by the eventual transfer of vascularized, mineralized tissue to the defect site. Several different models of in vitro bioreactors exist, and several different implantation sites have been successfully utilized for in vivo tissue generation and defect repair in humans. In this review, we discuss the specifics of each bioreactor strategy, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of each and the future directions for the engineering of bony tissues for craniofacial defect repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Watson
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Antonios G. Mikos
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Darshna, Kumar R, Srivastava P, Chandra P. Bioengineering of bone tissues using bioreactors for modulation of mechano-sensitivity in bone. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2023:1-41. [PMID: 36596226 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2022.2162249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Since the last decade, significant developments have been made in the area of bone tissue engineering associated with the emergence of novel biomaterials as well as techniques of scaffold fabrication. Despite all these developments, the translation from research findings to clinical applications is still very limited. Manufacturing the designed tissue constructs in a scalable manner remains the most challenging aspect. This bottleneck could be overcome by using bioreactors for the manufacture of these tissue constructs. In this review, a current scenario of bone injuries/defects and the cause of the translational gap between laboratory research and clinical use has been emphasized. Furthermore, various bioreactors being used in the area of bone tissue regeneration in recent studies have been highlighted along with their advantages and limitations. A vivid literature survey on the ideal attributes of bioreactors has been accounted, viz. dynamic, versatile, automated, reproducible and commercialization aspects. Additionally, the illustration of computational approaches that should be combined with bone tissue engineering experiments using bioreactors to simulate and optimize cellular growth in bone tissue constructs has also been done extensively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darshna
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
| | - Rahul Kumar
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
| | - Pradeep Srivastava
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
| | - Pranjal Chandra
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
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Abdollahzadeh H, Amoabediny G, Haghiralsadat F, Rahimi F, Adibfar A. Liposomal Doxorubicin Kinetic Study in an In vitro 2D and 3D Tumor Model for Osteosarcoma in a Perfusion Bioreactor. Pharm Nanotechnol 2023; 11:447-459. [PMID: 37138490 DOI: 10.2174/2211738511666230501202946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In vivo drug screening in animal models is contrary to ethical values, costly and time-consuming. Traditional static in vitro models do not reflect the basic characteristics of bone tumor microenvironments; therefore, perfusion bioreactors, in particular, would be an applicable choice due to their advantages to regenerate versatile bone tumor models for studying in vitro novel drug delivery systems. METHODS In this study, an optimal drug formulation of liposomal doxorubicin was prepared, and the release kinetics of the drug and its toxicity effect on MG-63 bone cancer cell line were investigated in two-dimensional, static three-dimensional media on a PLGA/β-TCP scaffold and also in a dynamic media in a perfusion bioreactor. In this assay, the efficacy of the IC50 of this formulation which had been obtained in two-dimensional cell culture (= 0.1 μg/ml), was studied in static and dynamic threedimensional media after 3 and 7 days. Liposomes with good morphology and encapsulation efficiency of 95% had release kinetics of the Korsmeyer-Peppas model. RESULTS The results of cell growth before treatment and cell viability after treatment in all three environments were compared. Cell growth in 2D was rapid, while it was slow in static 3D conditions. In the dynamic 3D environment, it was significant compared to the static tumor models. Cell viability after 3 and 7 days from treatment was 54.73% and 13.39% in 2D conditions, 72.27% and 26.78% in the static 3D model, while 100% and 78.92% in the dynamic culture indicating the effect of drug toxicity over time, but drug resistance of 3D models compared to 2D culture. In the bioreactor, the formulation used in the mentioned concentration showed very small cytotoxicity demonstrating the dominance of mechanical stimuli on cell growth over drug toxicity. CONCLUSION Increasing drug resistance in 3D models compared to 2D models indicates the superiority of liposomal Dox over free form to reduce IC50 concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Abdollahzadeh
- Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - G Amoabediny
- Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Center for New Technologies in Life Science Engineering at the University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - F Haghiralsadat
- Department of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, School of Paramedicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - F Rahimi
- Medical Biotechnology Department, School of Medical Sciences, and Research Center and Laboratory of New Nano-technology, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Adibfar
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Yuste I, Luciano FC, González-Burgos E, Lalatsa A, Serrano DR. Mimicking bone microenvironment: 2D and 3D in vitro models of human osteoblasts. Pharmacol Res 2021; 169:105626. [PMID: 33892092 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the in vitro biology and behavior of human osteoblasts is crucial for developing research models that reproduce closely the bone structure, its functions, and the cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions that occurs in vivo. Mimicking bone microenvironment is challenging, but necessary, to ensure the clinical translation of novel medicines to treat more reliable different bone pathologies. Currently, bone tissue engineering is moving from 2D cell culture models such as traditional culture, sandwich culture, micro-patterning, and altered substrate stiffness, towards more complex 3D models including spheroids, scaffolds, cell sheets, hydrogels, bioreactors, and microfluidics chips. There are many different factors, such cell line type, cell culture media, substrate roughness and stiffness that need consideration when developing in vitro models as they affect significantly the microenvironment and hence, the final outcome of the in vitro assay. Advanced technologies, such as 3D bioprinting and microfluidics, have allowed the development of more complex structures, bridging the gap between in vitro and in vivo models. In this review, past and current 2D and 3D in vitro models for human osteoblasts will be described in detail, highlighting the culture conditions and outcomes achieved, as well as the challenges and limitations of each model, offering a widen perspective on how these models can closely mimic the bone microenvironment and for which applications have shown more successful results.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Yuste
- Pharmaceutics and Food Technology Department, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - F C Luciano
- Pharmaceutics and Food Technology Department, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - E González-Burgos
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - A Lalatsa
- Biomaterials, Bio-engineering and Nanomedicine (BioN) Lab, Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, White Swan Road, Portsmouth PO1 2 DT, UK
| | - D R Serrano
- Pharmaceutics and Food Technology Department, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Farmacia Industrial. Facultad de Farmacia. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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Validation of a novel 3D flow model for the optimization of construct perfusion in radial-flow packed-bed bioreactors (rPBBs) for long-bone tissue engineering. N Biotechnol 2019; 52:110-120. [PMID: 31173925 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Osteogenic cell culture in three-dimensional (3D) hollow cylindrical porous scaffolds in radial-flow packed-bed bioreactors (rPBBs) may overcome the transport limitations of static and axial perfusion bioreactors in the engineering of long-bone substitutes. Flow models of rPBBs help optimize radial flux distribution of medium and tissue maturation in vitro. Only a 2D model is available for steady flow transport in rPBBs with axisymmetric inlet and outlet accounting for the fluid dynamics of void spaces, assessed against literature information. Here, a novel 3D model is proposed for steady flow transport in the three compartments of rPBBs with a more practical lateral outlet. A 3D model of transient tracer transport was developed based on the flow model to predict bioreactor residence time distribution (RTD). Model-predicted flow patterns were validated in terms of RTD against tracer experiments performed with bioreactor prototypes equipped with commercial scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Bioreactors were challenged with a step change in entering tracer concentration in an optimized set-up under conditions promoting uniform radial flux distribution and typical shunt flows. Model-predicted RTDs agreed well with those experimentally determined. In conclusion, tracer experiments validate the use of the 3D flow model for optimizing construct perfusion in rPBBs to engineer long-bone substitutes.
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Pourchet L, Petiot E, Loubière C, Olmos E, Dos Santos M, Thépot A, Loïc BJ, Marquette CA. Large 3D bioprinted tissue: Heterogeneous perfusion and vascularization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bprint.2018.e00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Numerical optimization of cell colonization modelling inside scaffold for perfusion bioreactor: A multiscale model. Med Eng Phys 2018; 57:40-50. [PMID: 29753628 DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2018.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Part of clinically applicable bone graft substitutes are developed by using mechanical stimulation of flow-perfusion into cell-seeded scaffolds. The role of fluid flow is crucial in driving the nutrient to seeded cells and in stimulating cell colonization. A common numerical approach is to use a multiscale model to link some physical quantities (wall shear stress and inlet flow rate) that act at different scales. In this study, a multiscale model is developed in order to determine the optimal inlet flow rate to cultivate osteoblast-like cells seeded in a controlled macroporous biomaterial inside a perfusion bioreactor system. We focus particularly on the influence of Wall Shear Stress on cell colonization to predict cell colonization at the macroscale. Results obtained at the microscale are interpolated at the macroscale to determine the optimal flow rate. For a macroporous scaffold made of interconnected pores with pore diameters of above 350 μm and interconnection diameters of 150 μm, the model predicts a cell colonization of 325% after a 7-day-cell culture with a constant inlet flow rate of 0.69 mL·min-1. Furthermore, the strength of this protocol is the possibility to adapt it to most porous biomaterials and dynamic cell culture systems.
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De Napoli IE, Catapano G. Perfusion Enhances Solute Transfer into the Shell of Hollow Fiber Membrane Bioreactors for Bone Tissue Engineering. Int J Artif Organs 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/039139881003300606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Preparation of tissue engineered (TE) 3D constructs to repair large bone defects is limited by the difficult supply of nutrients and oxygen to cells in the innermost regions of constructs cultured in bioreactors. Poor oxygenation negatively affects cell viability and function. Bioreactor design optimization may help relieve these limitations. Bioreactors in which cells are cultured outside bundles of hollow fiber membranes (HFMBs) are structurally similar to natural bone. HFMB operation in pure diffusion has been reported to suffice for fibroblasts, but is deemed insufficient for bone cells. In this paper, the effect of perfusion flows in the cell compartment on solute transfer was investigated in HFMBs differing in design and operating conditions. HFMBs were designed and operated using values of non-dimensional groups that ensured solutes transfer towards the cell compartment mainly by diffusion; in the presence of low to high Starling flows; in the presence of pulsatile radial flows obtained by periodically stopping the solution flow leaving the bioreactor using a pinch valve. Distribution of matter in cell-free HFMBs was evaluated with tracer experiments in an optimized apparatus. Effectiveness of solute transfer to cell compartment was assessed based on the bioreactor response in terms of the shell volume actively involved in mass transfer (VMTA) according to transport models developed specifically for the purpose. VMTA increased with increasing Starling flows. In the pulsatile radial flow mode, tracer concentration in the shell increased 3 times faster than at high Starling flows. This suggests that controlled perfusion flows in HFMBs might enable the engineering of large TE bone constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Ester De Napoli
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials, University of Calabria, Arcavata di Rende, Cosenza – Italy
| | - Gerardo Catapano
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials, University of Calabria, Arcavata di Rende, Cosenza – Italy
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Nguyen BNB, Moriarty RA, Kamalitdinov T, Etheridge JM, Fisher JP. Collagen hydrogel scaffold promotes mesenchymal stem cell and endothelial cell coculture for bone tissue engineering. J Biomed Mater Res A 2017; 105:1123-1131. [PMID: 28093887 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The generation of functional, vascularized tissues is a key challenge for the field of tissue engineering. Before clinical implantations of such tissue engineered bone constructs can succeed, tactics to promote neovascularization need to be strengthened. We have previously demonstrated that the tubular perfusion system (TPS) bioreactor is an effective culturing method to augment osteogenic differentiation and maintain viability of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC). Here, we devised a strategy to address the need for a functional microvasculature by designing an in vitro coculture system that simultaneously cultures osteogenic differentiating hMSCs with endothelial cells (ECs). We utilized the TPS bioreactor as a dynamic coculture environment, which we hypothesize will encourage prevascularization of endothelial cells and early formation of bone tissue and could aid in anastomosis of the graft with the host vasculature after patient implantation. To evaluate the effect of different natural scaffolds for this coculture system, the cells were encapsulated in alginate and/or collagen hydrogel scaffolds. We discovered the necessity of cell-to-cell proximity between the two cell types as well as preference for the natural cell binding capabilities of hydrogels like collagen. We discovered increased osteogenic and angiogenic potential as seen by amplified gene and protein expression of ALP, BMP-2, VEGF, and PECAM. The TPS bioreactor further augmented these expressions, indicating a synergistic effect between coculture and applied shear stress. The development of this dynamic coculture platform for the prevascularization of engineered bone, emphasizing the importance of the construct microenvironments and will advance the clinical use of tissue engineered constructs. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 1123-1131, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Ngoc B Nguyen
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, 20742
| | - Rebecca A Moriarty
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, 20742
| | - Tim Kamalitdinov
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, 20742
| | - Julie M Etheridge
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, 20742
| | - John P Fisher
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, 20742
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Donato D, Falvo D’Urso Labate G, Debbaut C, Segers P, Catapano G. Optimization of construct perfusion in radial-flow packed-bed bioreactors for tissue engineering with a 2D stationary fluid dynamic model. Biochem Eng J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2016.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Nguyen BNB, Ko H, Moriarty RA, Etheridge JM, Fisher JP. Dynamic Bioreactor Culture of High Volume Engineered Bone Tissue. Tissue Eng Part A 2016; 22:263-71. [PMID: 26653703 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2015.0395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Within the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, the fabrication of tissue grafts of any significant size--much less a whole organ or tissue--remains a major challenge. Currently, tissue-engineered constructs cultured in vitro have been restrained in size primarily due to the diffusion limit of oxygen and nutrients to the center of these grafts. Previously, we developed a novel tubular perfusion system (TPS) bioreactor, which allows the dynamic culture of bead-encapsulated cells and increases the supply of nutrients to the entire cell population. More interestingly, the versatility of TPS bioreactor allows a large range of engineered tissue volumes to be cultured, including large bone grafts. In this study, we utilized alginate-encapsulated human mesenchymal stem cells for the culture of a tissue-engineered bone construct in the size and shape of the superior half of an adult human femur (∼ 200 cm(3)), a 20-fold increase over previously reported volumes of in vitro engineered bone grafts. Dynamic culture in TPS bioreactor not only resulted in high cell viability throughout the femur graft, but also showed early signs of stem cell differentiation through increased expression of osteogenic genes and proteins, consistent with our previous models of smaller bone constructs. This first foray into full-scale bone engineering provides the foundation for future clinical applications of bioengineered bone grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Ngoc B Nguyen
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland
| | - Henry Ko
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland
| | - Rebecca A Moriarty
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland
| | - Julie M Etheridge
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland
| | - John P Fisher
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland
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Gelinsky M, Bernhardt A, Milan F. Bioreactors in tissue engineering: Advances in stem cell culture and three-dimensional tissue constructs. Eng Life Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201400216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Gelinsky
- Centre for Translational Bone; Joint and Soft Tissue Research; Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden; Dresden Germany
| | - Anne Bernhardt
- Centre for Translational Bone; Joint and Soft Tissue Research; Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden; Dresden Germany
| | - Falk Milan
- Centre for Translational Bone; Joint and Soft Tissue Research; Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden; Dresden Germany
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15
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Model-Based Optimization of Scaffold Geometry and Operating Conditions of Radial Flow Packed-Bed Bioreactors for Therapeutic Applications. Processes (Basel) 2014. [DOI: 10.3390/pr2010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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Gardel LS, Correia-Gomes C, Serra LA, Gomes ME, Reis RL. A novel bidirectional continuous perfusion bioreactor for the culture of large-sized bone tissue-engineered constructs. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2013; 101:1377-86. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.32955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2012] [Revised: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leandro S. Gardel
- 3B's Research Groups: Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics; Department of Polymer Engineering; University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine; Taipas Guimarães Portugal
- ICVS/3B's PT Government Associated Lab; AvePark 4806-909 Braga Portugal
- Department of Clinic Veterinary; ICBAS-University of Porto; Porto Portugal
| | | | - Luís A. Serra
- Department of Ortophysiatric; General Hospital Santo António; Porto Portugal
| | - Manuela E. Gomes
- 3B's Research Groups: Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics; Department of Polymer Engineering; University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine; Taipas Guimarães Portugal
- ICVS/3B's PT Government Associated Lab; AvePark 4806-909 Braga Portugal
| | - Rui L. Reis
- 3B's Research Groups: Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics; Department of Polymer Engineering; University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine; Taipas Guimarães Portugal
- ICVS/3B's PT Government Associated Lab; AvePark 4806-909 Braga Portugal
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Wang T, Gardiner BS, Lin Z, Rubenson J, Kirk TB, Wang A, Xu J, Smith DW, Lloyd DG, Zheng MH. Bioreactor design for tendon/ligament engineering. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2012; 19:133-46. [PMID: 23072472 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2012.0295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Tendon and ligament injury is a worldwide health problem, but the treatment options remain limited. Tendon and ligament engineering might provide an alternative tissue source for the surgical replacement of injured tendon. A bioreactor provides a controllable environment enabling the systematic study of specific biological, biochemical, and biomechanical requirements to design and manufacture engineered tendon/ligament tissue. Furthermore, the tendon/ligament bioreactor system can provide a suitable culture environment, which mimics the dynamics of the in vivo environment for tendon/ligament maturation. For clinical settings, bioreactors also have the advantages of less-contamination risk, high reproducibility of cell propagation by minimizing manual operation, and a consistent end product. In this review, we identify the key components, design preferences, and criteria that are required for the development of an ideal bioreactor for engineering tendons and ligaments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Centre for Orthopaedic Translational Research, School of Surgery, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
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Effects of a perfusion bioreactor activated novel bone substitute in spine fusion in sheep. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2012; 21:1740-7. [PMID: 22777077 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-012-2421-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2011] [Revised: 05/08/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of a large perfusion-bioreactor cell-activated bone substitute, on a two-level large posterolateral spine fusion sheep model. METHODS A 50 mm long porous biphasic-calcium-phosphate bone substitute reinforced with poly(D,L-lactide) and, activated with bone marrow derived mononuclear-cells (BMNC) was used. Eighteen sheep were divided into two groups and one group (n = 9) had BMNC-activated bone substitutes and cell-free substitutes implanted. The second group (n = 9) had autograft supplemented with BMNC and regular autograft implanted. The implant material was alternated between spine level L2-L3 and L4-L5 in both groups. MicroCT was used to compare the spine fusion efficacy and bone structure of the two groups as well as the implanted bone substitutes and non-implanted substitutes. RESULTS After 4½ months six sheep survived in both groups and we found five spine levels were fused when using activated bone substitute compared to three levels with cell-free bone substitute (p = 0.25). Five sheep fused at both levels in the autograft group. A significant increased bone density (p < 0.05) and anisotropy (p < 0.05) was found in the group of activated bone substitutes compared to cell-free bone substitute and no difference existed on the other parameters. The implanted bone substitutes had a significant higher bone density and trabecular thickness than non-implanted bone substitutes, thus indicating that the PLA reinforced BCP had osteoconductive properties (p < 0.05). No effect of the supplemented BMNC to autograft was observed. The autograft group had a significant higher bone density, trabecular thickness and degree of anisotropy than the implanted bone substitutes (p < 0.05), but a lower connectivity density existed (p < 0.05). This indicates that though the activated substitute might have a similar fusion efficacy to autograft, the fusion bridge is not of equal substance. CONCLUSION We found that bioreactor-generated cell-based bone substitutes seemed superior in fusion ability when compared to cell-free bone substitute and comparable to autograft in fusion ability, but not in bone structure. This combined with the favorable biocompatible abilities and strength comparable to human cancellous bone indicates that it might be a suitable bone substitute in spine fusion procedures.
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Rauh J, Milan F, Günther KP, Stiehler M. Bioreactor Systems for Bone Tissue Engineering. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2011; 17:263-80. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2010.0612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Rauh
- Department of Orthopedics and Centre for Translational Bone, Joint, and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Falk Milan
- Department of Orthopedics and Centre for Translational Bone, Joint, and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Klaus-Peter Günther
- Department of Orthopedics and Centre for Translational Bone, Joint, and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Maik Stiehler
- Department of Orthopedics and Centre for Translational Bone, Joint, and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
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VANDROVCOVÁ M, BAČÁKOVÁ L. Adhesion, Growth and Differentiation of Osteoblasts on Surface-Modified Materials Developed for Bone Implants. Physiol Res 2011; 60:403-17. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.932045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This review briefly outlines the history and possibilities of bone reconstruction using various types of artificial materials, which allow interaction with cells only on the surface of the implant or enable ingrowth of cells inside the material. Information is also provided on the most important properties of bone cells taking part in bone tissue development, and on diseases and regeneration. The most common cell types used for testing cell-material interaction in vitro are listed, and the most commonly used approaches to this testing are also mentioned. A considerable part of this review is dedicated to the physical and chemical properties of the material surface, which are decisive for the cell-material interaction, and also to modifications to the surface of the material aimed at integrating it better with the surrounding bone tissue. Special attention is paid to the effects of nanoscale and microscale surface roughness on cell behaviour, to material surface patterning, which allows regionally-selective adhesion and growth of cells, and also to the surface chemistry. In addition, coating the materials with bioactive layers is examined, particularly those created by deposition of fullerenes, hybrid metal-fullerene composites, carbon nanotubes, nanocrystalline diamond films, diamond-like carbon, and nanocomposite hydrocarbon plasma polymer films enriched with metals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - L. BAČÁKOVÁ
- Department of Growth and Differentiation of Cell Populations, Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
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