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Fu Z, Li W, Wei J, Yao K, Wang Y, Yang P, Li G, Yang Y, Zhang L. Construction and Biocompatibility Evaluation of Fibroin/Sericin-Based Scaffolds. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:1494-1505. [PMID: 35230824 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c01426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Because tissue responses to implants determine the success or failure of tissue engineering products, fibroin/sericin-based scaffolds including bionic silk scaffolds, native silk fibers, fibroin fibers, and regenerated fibroin have been fabricated, and their biocompatibility was investigated. Fibroin/sericin-based scaffolds were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Bionic silk scaffolds were beneficial to silk fiber formation through self-assembly. Histological and immunofluorescent staining analysis demonstrated that bionic silk scaffolds did not show significant inflammatory responses. Immunization analysis showed that soluble fibroin and sericin did not show obvious immunogenicity. This work supplied an effective approach to design fibroin/sericin-based scaffolds for tissue engineering and drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zexi Fu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, PR China
| | - Wenhui Li
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, PR China
| | - Jingjing Wei
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, PR China
| | - Ke Yao
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, PR China
| | - Yuqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, PR China
| | - Pengxiang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, PR China
| | - Guicai Li
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, PR China
| | - Yumin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, PR China
| | - Luzhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, PR China
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2
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Recent Advances in Environmentally Friendly and Green Degumming Processes of Silk for Textile and Non-Textile Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14040659. [PMID: 35215571 PMCID: PMC8876672 DOI: 10.3390/polym14040659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Silk has been widely used not only in the textile field but also in non-textile applications, which is composed of inner fibrous protein, named fibroin, and outer global protein, named sericin. Due to big differences, such as appearance, solubility, amino acid composition and amount of reactive groups, silk fibroin and sericin usually need to be separated before further process. The residual sericin may influence the molecular weight, structure, morphology and properties of silk fibroin, so that degumming of silk is important and necessary, not only in textile field but also in non-textile applications. Traditional textile degumming processes, including soap, alkali or both, could bring such problems as environmental damage, heavy use of water and energy, and damage to silk fibroin. Therefore, this review aims to present a systematic work on environmentally friendly and green degumming processes of raw silk, including art of green degumming process, quantitative and qualitative evaluation, influence of degumming on molecular weight, structure, morphology and properties of silk. It is anticipated that rational selection and design of environmentally friendly and green degumming process is quite important and meaningful, not only for textile application but also for non-textile application.
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Kostag M, Jedvert K, El Seoud OA. Engineering of sustainable biomaterial composites from cellulose and silk fibroin: Fundamentals and applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 167:687-718. [PMID: 33249159 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.11.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This review addresses composites prepared from cellulose (Cel) and silk fibroin (SF) to generate multifunctional, biocompatible, biodegradable materials such as fibers, films and scaffolds for tissue engineering. First, we discuss briefly the molecular structures of Cel and SF. Their structural features explain why certain solvents, e.g., ionic liquids, inorganic electrolyte solutions dissolve both biopolymers. We discuss the mechanisms of Cel dissolution because in many cases they also apply to (much less studied) SF dissolution. Subsequently, we discuss the fabrication and characterization of Cel/SF composite biomaterials. We show how the composition of these materials beneficially affects their mechanical properties, compared to those of the precursor biopolymers. We also show that Cel/SF materials are excellent and versatile candidates for biomedical applications because of the inherent biocompatibility of their components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Kostag
- Institute of Chemistry, The University of São Paulo, Professor Lineu Prestes Av. 748, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Kerstin Jedvert
- Fiber Development, Materials and Production, Research Institutes of Sweden (RISE IVF), Box 104, SE-431 22 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Omar A El Seoud
- Institute of Chemistry, The University of São Paulo, Professor Lineu Prestes Av. 748, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Feng Y, Lin J, Niu L, Wang Y, Cheng Z, Sun X, Li M. High Molecular Weight Silk Fibroin Prepared by Papain Degumming. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2105. [PMID: 32947834 PMCID: PMC7570354 DOI: 10.3390/polym12092105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A major challenge for the silk textile industry and for the process of silk-based biomaterials is to find a degumming method that can completely remove sericin while avoiding obvious hydrolysis damage to the silk fibroin. In this study, papain was used to degum Bombyx mori silk fibers under nearly neutral conditions based on the specificity of papain to sericin. The degumming efficiency was investigated, as well as the mechanical properties and molecular weight of the sericin-free silk fibroin. The results indicated that increasing the papain concentration aided in sericin removal, as the concentration increased to 3.0 g/L, the degummed fibers showed a clean, smooth surface morphology and exhibited a yellow color when stained by picric acid and carmine, confirming the complete removal of sericin from silk fibroin. Furthermore, an analysis of the amino acid composition indicated that the silk fibroin suffered less damage because papain specifically cleaved the binding sites between L-arginine or L-lysine residue and another amino acid residue in sericin, leading to a significantly higher molecular weight and improved tensile strength compared to traditional sodium carbonate degumming. This study provides a novel degumming method which cannot only completely remove sericin, but also maintain the original strong mechanical properties and high molecular weight of silk fibroin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mingzhong Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (Y.F.); (J.L.); (L.N.); (Y.W.); (Z.C.); (X.S.)
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5
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Umuhoza D, Yang F, Long D, Hao Z, Dai J, Zhao A. Strategies for Tuning the Biodegradation of Silk Fibroin-Based Materials for Tissue Engineering Applications. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:1290-1310. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b01781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diane Umuhoza
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory for Sericulture Functional Genomics and Biotechnology of Agricultural Ministry, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, People’s Republic of China
- Commercial Insect Program, Sericulture, Rwanda Agricultural Board, 5016 Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Fang Yang
- Department of Biomaterials, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Dingpei Long
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory for Sericulture Functional Genomics and Biotechnology of Agricultural Ministry, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhanzhang Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory for Sericulture Functional Genomics and Biotechnology of Agricultural Ministry, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory for Sericulture Functional Genomics and Biotechnology of Agricultural Ministry, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, People’s Republic of China
| | - Aichun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory for Sericulture Functional Genomics and Biotechnology of Agricultural Ministry, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, People’s Republic of China
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6
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Zhi Y, Jiang J, Zhang P, Chen S. Silk enhances the ligamentization of the polyethylene terephthalate artificial ligament in a canine anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction model. Artif Organs 2018; 43:E94-E108. [PMID: 30412273 DOI: 10.1111/aor.13389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Zhi
- Department of Sports Medicine Huashan Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Jia Jiang
- Department of Sports Medicine Huashan Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Sports Medicine Huashan Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Shiyi Chen
- Department of Sports Medicine Huashan Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai China
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Zhang H, Liu MF, Liu RC, Shen WL, Yin Z, Chen X. Physical Microenvironment-Based Inducible Scaffold for Stem Cell Differentiation and Tendon Regeneration. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2018; 24:443-453. [PMID: 29724151 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2018.0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tendon injuries are common musculoskeletal system disorders, but the tendons have poor regeneration ability. To address this issue, tendon tissue engineering provides potential strategies for future therapeutic treatment. Elements of the physical microenvironment, such as the mechanical force and surface topography, play a vital role in regulating stem cell fate, enhancing the differentiation efficiency of seed cells in tendon tissue engineering. Various inducible scaffolds have been widely explored for tendon regeneration, and scaffold-enhancing modifications have been extensively studied. In this review, we systematically summarize the effects of the physical microenvironment on stem cell differentiation and tendon regeneration; we also provide an overview of the inducible scaffolds for stem cell tenogenic differentiation. Finally, we suggest some potential scaffold-based therapies for tendon injuries, presenting an interesting perspective on tendon regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhang
- 1 School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China .,2 Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China .,3 Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China
| | - Meng-Fei Liu
- 1 School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China .,2 Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China .,3 Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China
| | - Ri-Chun Liu
- 4 Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Guangxi Medical University , Nanning, China
| | - Wei-Liang Shen
- 2 Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China .,5 Department of Sports Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China .,6 China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group (CORMed) , Hangzhou, China .,7 State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China
| | - Zi Yin
- 1 School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China .,2 Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China .,3 Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China .,6 China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group (CORMed) , Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- 1 School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China .,2 Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China .,3 Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China .,4 Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Guangxi Medical University , Nanning, China .,5 Department of Sports Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China .,6 China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group (CORMed) , Hangzhou, China
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8
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Zhang W, Chen L, Chen J, Wang L, Gui X, Ran J, Xu G, Zhao H, Zeng M, Ji J, Qian L, Zhou J, Ouyang H, Zou X. Silk Fibroin Biomaterial Shows Safe and Effective Wound Healing in Animal Models and a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6. [PMID: 28337854 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Due to its excellent biological and mechanical properties, silk fibroin has been intensively explored for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. However, lack of translational evidence has hampered its clinical application for tissue repair. Here a silk fibroin film is developed and its translational potential is investigated for skin repair by performing comprehensive preclinical and clinical studies to fully evaluate its safety and effectiveness. The silk fibroin film fabricated using all green chemistry approaches demonstrates remarkable characteristics, including transmittance, fluid handling capacity, moisture vapor permeability, waterproofness, bacterial barrier properties, and biocompatibility. In vivo rabbit full-thickness skin defect study shows that the silk fibroin film effectively reduces the average wound healing time with better skin regeneration compared with the commercial wound dressings. Subsequent assessment in porcine model confirms its long-term safety and effectiveness for full-thickness skin defects. Finally, a randomized single-blind parallel controlled clinical trial with 71 patients shows that the silk fibroin film significantly reduces the time to wound healing and incidence of adverse events compared to commercial dressing. Therefore, the study provides systematic preclinical and clinical evidence that the silk fibroin film promotes wound healing thereby establishing a foundation towards its application for skin repair and regeneration in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine; School of Medicine; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Longkun Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Research Institute of Medical Materials and Tissue Engineering; Hangzhou 310000 China
| | - Jialin Chen
- Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine; School of Medicine; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Lingshuang Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Research Institute of Medical Materials and Tissue Engineering; Hangzhou 310000 China
| | - Xuexian Gui
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Research Institute of Medical Materials and Tissue Engineering; Hangzhou 310000 China
| | - Jisheng Ran
- Department of Orthopaedics; The Second Affiliated Hospital; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310052 China
| | - Guowei Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Research Institute of Medical Materials and Tissue Engineering; Hangzhou 310000 China
| | - Hongshi Zhao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Research Institute of Medical Materials and Tissue Engineering; Hangzhou 310000 China
| | - Mengfeng Zeng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Research Institute of Medical Materials and Tissue Engineering; Hangzhou 310000 China
| | - Junfeng Ji
- Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine; School of Medicine; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Li Qian
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery; The Second Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha 410011 China
| | - Jianda Zhou
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery; The Third Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha 410083 China
| | - Hongwei Ouyang
- Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine; School of Medicine; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Xiaohui Zou
- Clinical Research Center; The First Affiliated Hospital; School of Medicine; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310003 China
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9
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Wang Z, Wang J, Jin Y, Luo Z, Yang W, Xie H, Huang K, Wang L. A Neuroprotective Sericin Hydrogel As an Effective Neuronal Cell Carrier for the Repair of Ischemic Stroke. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:24629-40. [PMID: 26478947 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b06804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke causes extensive cellular loss that impairs brain functions, resulting in severe disabilities. No effective treatments are currently available for brain tissue regeneration. The need to develop effective therapeutic approaches for treating stroke is compelling. A tissue engineering approach employing a hydrogel carrying both cells and neurotrophic cytokines to damaged regions is an encouraging alternative for neuronal repair. However, this approach is often challenged by low in vivo cell survival rate, and low encapsulation efficiency and loss of cytokines. To address these limitations, we propose to develop a biomaterial that can form a matrix capable of improving in vivo survival of transplanted cells and reducing in vivo loss of cytokines. Here, we report that using sericin, a natural protein from silk, we have fabricated a genipin-cross-linked sericin hydrogel (GSH) with porous structure and mild swelling ratio. The GSH supports the effective attachment and growth of neurons in vitro. Strikingly, our data reveal that sericin protein is intrinsically neurotrophic and neuroprotective, promoting axon extension and branching as well as preventing primary neurons from hypoxia-induced cell death. Notably, these functions are inherited by the GSH's degradation products, which might spare a need of incorporating costly cytokines. We further demonstrate that this neurotrophic effect is dependent on the Lkb1-Nuak1 pathway, while the neuroprotective effect is realized through regulating the Bcl-2/Bax protein ratio. Importantly, when transplanted in vivo, the GSH gives a high cell survival rate and allows the cells to continuously proliferate. Together, this work unmasks the neurotrophic and neuroprotective functions for sericin and provides strong evidence justifying the GSH's suitability as a potential neuronal cell delivery vehicle for ischemic stroke repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, China 430022
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, China 430022
| | - Jian Wang
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, China 430022
| | - Yang Jin
- Department of Respiration, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, China 430022
- Medical Research Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei, China 430022
| | - Zhen Luo
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, China 430022
| | - Wen Yang
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, China 430022
| | - Hongjian Xie
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, China 430022
| | - Kai Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei, China 430022
| | - Lin Wang
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, China 430022
- Medical Research Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei, China 430022
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei, China 430022
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10
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LI ZHENG, HE JIANKANG, LI XIANG, BIAN WEIGUO, ZHANG WENYOU, LI DICHEN, JIN ZHONGMIN, QIU YUSHENG, SNEDEKER JESSG. REGENERATION OF ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT WITH SILK-BASED SCAFFOLD IN PORCINE MODEL. J MECH MED BIOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219519415500062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Silk was widely investigated as a promising scaffold material in ligament tissue engineering. Although a variety of silk scaffolds were developed for the regeneration of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) in vitro and in vivo, more investigations should be performed in large animals to translate these findings into clinical applications. The aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of using silk-based ACL scaffolds to regenerate damaged ACLs in porcine model. The microstructural organization, tissue regeneration as well as ligament-bone interface of silk implants were evaluated with scanning electron microscopy, micro-computerized tomography, histological and immunohistochemical staining at three and six months postoperatively. The results demonstrated that silk fibers in the ACL scaffolds organized in parallel similar with collagen fibers in native ligaments, which facilitated and guided the penetration of newly regenerated tissue into the pores among silk fibers. Collagen production especially collagen I in silk implants significantly increased from three to six months, and was gradually close to the level of native ligaments. At implant-bone interface, indirect ligament-bone insertion was observed at three months and substantial Sharpey's fibers formed at six months. The results indicated that the silk-based ACL scaffold provides a promising tissue engineering approach for ACL regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- ZHENG LI
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, the First Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P. R. China
| | - JIANKANG HE
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - XIANG LI
- University Hospital Balgrist, Zürich, Switzerland
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zürich, Switzerland
| | - WEIGUO BIAN
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, the First Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P. R. China
| | - WENYOU ZHANG
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - DICHEN LI
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - ZHONGMIN JIN
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - YUSHENG QIU
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, the First Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P. R. China
| | - JESS G. SNEDEKER
- University Hospital Balgrist, Zürich, Switzerland
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zürich, Switzerland
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11
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Kwon SY, Chung JW, Park HJ, Jiang YY, Park JK, Seo YK. Silk and collagen scaffolds for tendon reconstruction. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2014; 228:388-96. [DOI: 10.1177/0954411914528890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, silk thread ( Bombyx mori) was braided to a tube-like shape and sericin was removed from the silk tube. Thereafter, collagen/chondroitin-6-sulfate solution was poured into the silk tube, and the lyophilization process was performed. To assess the inflammatory response in vivo, raw silk and sericin-free silk tubes were implanted in the subcutaneous layer of mice. After 10 days of in vivo implantation, mild inflammatory responses were observed around the sericin-free silk tubes, and severe inflammation with the presence of neutrophils and macrophages was observed around the raw silk tubes. At 24 weeks post implantation, the regenerated tendon had a thick, cylindrical, grayish fibrous structure and a shiny white appearance, similar to that of the native tendon in the rabbit model of tendon defect. The average tensile strength of the native tendons was 220 ± 20 N, whereas the average tensile strength of the regenerated tendons was 167 ± 30 N and the diameter of the regenerated tendon (3 ± 0.2 mm) was similar to that of the native tendons (4 ± 0.3 mm). Histologically, the regenerated tendon resembled the native tendon, and all the regenerated tissues showed organized bundles of crimped fibers. Masson trichrome staining was performed for detecting collagen synthesis, and it showed that the artificial tendon was replaced by new collagen fibers and extracellular matrix. However, the regenerated tendon showed fibrosis to a certain degree. In conclusion, the artificial tendon, comprising a braided silk tube and lyophilized collagen sponge, was optimal for tendon reconstruction. Thus, this study showed an improved regeneration of neo-tendon tissues, which have the structure and tensile strength of the native tendon, with the use of the combination of collagen and silk scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon-Yong Kwon
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, St. Mary’s Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin-Wha Chung
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, St. Mary’s Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee-Jung Park
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yuan-Yuan Jiang
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Keug Park
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Kwon Seo
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Seoul, Korea
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12
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Teuschl AH, van Griensven M, Redl H. Sericin removal from raw Bombyx mori silk scaffolds of high hierarchical order. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2014; 20:431-9. [PMID: 24066942 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2013.0278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Silk fibroin has previously been described as a promising candidate for ligament tissue engineering (TE) approaches. For biocompatibility reasons, silkworm silk requires removal of sericin, which can elicit adverse immune responses in the human body. One disadvantage of the required degumming process is the alteration of the silk fiber structural properties, which can hinder textile engineering of high order hierarchical structures. Therefore, the aim of this study was to find a way to remove sericin from a compact and highly ordered raw silk fiber matrix. The wire rope design of the test model scaffold comprises several levels of geometric hierarchy. Commonly used degumming solutions fail in removing sericin in this wire rope design. Weight loss measurements, picric acid and carmine staining as well as scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that the removal of sericin from the model scaffold of a wire rope design can be achieved through a borate buffer-based system. Furthermore, the borate buffer degummed silks were shown to be nontoxic and did not alter cell proliferation behavior. The possibility to remove sericin after the textile engineering process has taken place eases the production of highly ordered scaffold structures and may expand the use of silk as scaffold material in further TE and regenerative medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Herbert Teuschl
- 1 Department of Biochemical Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Technikum Wien , Wien, Austria
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Qiu Y, Wang X, Zhang Y, Carr AJ, Zhu L, Xia Z, Sabokbar A. In vitro two-dimensional and three-dimensional tenocyte culture for tendon tissue engineering. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2013; 10:E216-26. [PMID: 24039070 DOI: 10.1002/term.1791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Revised: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
In order to examine the differentiation potential of the tenocytes expanded in our defined culture medium (reported previously) and the effect of sequential combination of the two culture conditions on human tenocytes, a two-dimensional and three-dimensional experimental approach was used. Human tenocytes were sequentially exposed to 1% fetal bovine serum (FBS) + 50 ng/ml platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGFBB ) + 50 ng/ml basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) for the first 14 days (expansion phase) followed by a further 14-day culture in the presence of 10 ng/ml transforming growth factor β-3 plus 50 ng/ml insulin-like growth factor 1, but in the absence of serum (differentiation phase). The results showed that by sequential treatment of human tenocytes maintaining a long-term two-dimensional tenocyte culture in vitro for up to 28 days was possible. These findings were further verified using a three-dimensional scaffold (Bombyx silk) whereby the tendon-like constructs formed resembled macroscopically and microscopically the constructs formed in 10% FBS supplemented culture media and the human hamstring tendon. These findings were further substantiated using haematoxylin and eosin staining, scanning electron microscopy and by immunohistochemical detection of type I collagen. In addition, the mechanical properties of the three-dimensional constructs were determined to be significantly superior to that of the natural human hamstring tendon. This is the first report to demonstrate a possible approach in expanding and differentiating human tenocytes for tendon tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Qiu
- General Surgery Department, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Xiao Wang
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Yaonan Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Beijing Hospital of Ministry of Public Health, Beijing, China
| | - Andrew J Carr
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Liwei Zhu
- General Surgery Department, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhidao Xia
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Institute of Life Science, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, UK
| | - Afsie Sabokbar
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Wired silk architectures provide a biomimetic ACL tissue engineering scaffold. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2013; 22:30-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2013.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Revised: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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