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Tamurejo-Alonso P, González-Martín ML, Pacha-Olivenza MÁ. Electrodeposited Zinc Coatings for Biomedical Application: Morphology, Corrosion and Biological Behaviour. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:5985. [PMID: 37687682 PMCID: PMC10488799 DOI: 10.3390/ma16175985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
The improvement of biodegradable metals is currently an active and promising research area for their capabilities in implant manufacturing. However, controlling their degradation rate once their surface is in contact with the physiological media is a challenge. Surface treatments are in the way of addressing the improvement of this control. Zinc is a biocompatible metal present in the human body as well as a metal widely used in coatings to prevent corrosion, due to its well-known metal protective action. These two outstanding characteristics make zinc coating worthy of consideration to improve the degradation behaviour of implants. Electrodeposition is one of the most practical and common technologies to create protective zinc coatings on metals. This article aims to review the effect of the different parameters involved in the electrochemical process on the topography and corrosion characteristics of the zinc coating. However, certainly, it also provides an actual and comprehensive description of the state-of-the-art of the use of electrodeposited zinc for biomedical applications, focusing on their capacity to protect against bacterial colonization and to allow cell adhesion and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purificación Tamurejo-Alonso
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain;
- University Institute of Extremadura Sanity Research (INUBE), 06006 Badajoz, Spain;
| | - María Luisa González-Martín
- University Institute of Extremadura Sanity Research (INUBE), 06006 Badajoz, Spain;
- Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Pacha-Olivenza
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain;
- University Institute of Extremadura Sanity Research (INUBE), 06006 Badajoz, Spain;
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 06006 Badajoz, Spain
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Bacterial Response to the Surface Aging of PLA Matrices Loaded with Active Compounds. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14224976. [PMID: 36433103 PMCID: PMC9698402 DOI: 10.3390/polym14224976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of active components in biomaterials improves the properties of existing ones and makes it possible to obtain new devices with antibacterial properties that prevent infections after implantation, thus guaranteeing the success of the implant. In this work, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and magnesium particles were incorporated into polylactic acid (PLA) films to assess the extent to which progressive aging of the new surfaces resists bacterial colonization processes. For this purpose, the films' surface was characterized by contact angle measurements, ToF-SIMS and AFM, and adhesion, viability and biofilm growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria on these films were also evaluated. The results show that the inclusion of Mg and CTAB in PLA films changes their surface properties both before and after aging and also modifies bacterial adhesion on the polymer. Complete bactericidal activity is exhibited on non-degraded films and films with CTAB. This antibacterial behavior is maintained after degradation for three months in the case of films containing a higher amount of CTAB.
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Strategies to Control In Vitro Degradation of Mg Scaffolds Processed by Powder Metallurgy. METALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/met12040566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium scaffolds are biodegradable, biocompatible, bioactive porous scaffolds, which find applications within tissue engineering. The presence of porosity increases surface area and enhances cell proliferation and tissue ingrowth. These characteristics make Mg scaffolds key materials to enhance the healing processes of tissues such as cartilage and bone. However, along with the increment of porosity, the corrosion of magnesium within a physiological environment occurs faster. It is, therefore, necessary to control the degradation rate of Mg scaffolds in order to maintain their mechanical properties during the healing process. Several studies have been performed to increase Mg scaffolds’ corrosion resistance. The different approaches include the modification of the Mg surface by conversion coatings or deposited coatings. The nature of the coatings varies from ceramics such as hydroxyapatite and calcium phosphates to polymers such as polycaprolactone or gelatin. In this work, we propose a novel approach to generating a protective bilayer coating on the Mg scaffold surface composed of a first layer of naturally occurring Mg corrosion products (hydroxide and phosphates) and a second layer of a homogeneous and biocompatible coating of polylactic acid. The Mg scaffolds were fabricated from Mg powder by means of powder metallurgy using ammonium bicarbonate as a space holder. The size and amount of porosity were controlled using different size distributions of space holders. We addressed the influence of scaffold pore size on the conversion and deposition processes and how the coating process influences the in vitro degradation of the scaffolds.
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Anita Lett J, Sagadevan S, Léonard E, Fatimah I, Motalib Hossain MA, Mohammad F, Al-Lohedan HA, Paiman S, Alshahateet SF, Abd Razak SI, Johan MR. Bone tissue engineering potentials of 3D printed magnesium-hydroxyapatite@polylactic acid composite scaffolds. Artif Organs 2021; 45:1501-1512. [PMID: 34309044 DOI: 10.1111/aor.14045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The primary role of bone tissue engineering is to reconcile the damaged bones and facilitate the speedy recovery of the injured bones. However, some of the investigated metallic implants suffer from stress-shielding, palpability, biocompatibility, etc. Consequently, the biodegradable scaffolds fabricated from polymers have gathered much attention from researchers and thus helped the tissue engineering sector by providing many alternative materials whose functionality is similar to that of natural bones. Herein, we present the fabrication and testing of a novel composite, magnesium (Mg)-doped hydroxyapatite (HAp) glazed onto polylactic acid (PLA) scaffolds where polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) used as a binder. For the composite formation, Creality Ender-3 pro High Precision 3D Printer with Shape tool 3D Technology on an FSD machine operated by Catia design software was employed. The composite has been characterized for the crystallinity (XRD), surface functionality (FTIR), morphology (FESEM), biocompatibility (hemolytic and protein absorption), and mechanical properties (stress-strain and maximum compressive strength). The powder XRD analysis confirmed the semicrystalline nature and intact structure of HAp even after doping with Mg, while FTIR studies for the successful formation of Mg-HAp/PVA@PLA composite. The FESEM provided analysis indicated for the 3D porous architecture and well-defined morphology to efficiently transport the nutrients, and the biocompatibility studies are supporting that the composite for blood compatible with the surface being suitable enough for the protein absorption. Finally, the composite's antibacterial activity (against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli) and the test of mechanical properties supported for the enhanced inhibition of active growth of microorganisms and maximum compressive strength, respectively. Based on the research outcomes of biocompatibility, antibacterial activity, and mechanical resistance, the fabricated Mg-HAp/PVA@PLA composite suits well as a promising biomaterial platform for orthopedic applications by functioning towards the open reduction internal fixation of bone fractures and internal repairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayasingh Anita Lett
- Department of Physics, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
| | - Suresh Sagadevan
- Nanotechnology & Catalysis Research Centre, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Estelle Léonard
- Université de technologie de Compiègne, ESCOM, TIMR (Integrated Transformations of Renewable Matter), Centre de recherche Royallieu, Compiègne, France
| | - Is Fatimah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Kampus Terpadu UII, Sleman, Indonesia
| | - M A Motalib Hossain
- Nanotechnology & Catalysis Research Centre, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Faruq Mohammad
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamad A Al-Lohedan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Suriati Paiman
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | | | - Saiful Izwan Abd Razak
- Centre for Advanced Composite Materials, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Malaysia.,Bioinspired Device and Tissue Engineering Research Group, School of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Rafie Johan
- Nanotechnology & Catalysis Research Centre, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Luque-Agudo V, Fernández-Calderón MC, Pacha-Olivenza MA, Pérez-Giraldo C, Gallardo-Moreno AM, González-Martín ML. The role of magnesium in biomaterials related infections. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 191:110996. [PMID: 32272388 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.110996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium is currently increasing interest in the field of biomaterials. An extensive bibliography on this material in the last two decades arises from its potential for the development of biodegradable implants. In addition, many researches, motivated by this progress, have analyzed the performance of magnesium in both in vitro and in vivo assays with gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria in a very broad range of conditions. This review explores the extensive literature in recent years on magnesium in biomaterials-related infections, and discusses the mechanisms of the Mg action on bacteria, as well as the competition of Mg2+ and/or synergy with other divalent cations in this subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Luque-Agudo
- University of Extremadura, Department of Applied Physics, Badajoz, Spain; Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Badajoz, Spain; University Institute of Extremadura Sanity Research (iNube), Badajoz, Spain
| | - M Coronada Fernández-Calderón
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Badajoz, Spain; University Institute of Extremadura Sanity Research (iNube), Badajoz, Spain; University of Extremadura, Department of Biomedical Science, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Miguel A Pacha-Olivenza
- University of Extremadura, Department of Biomedical Science, Badajoz, Spain; Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Badajoz, Spain; University Institute of Extremadura Sanity Research (iNube), Badajoz, Spain
| | - Ciro Pérez-Giraldo
- University of Extremadura, Department of Biomedical Science, Badajoz, Spain; University Institute of Extremadura Sanity Research (iNube), Badajoz, Spain; Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Badajoz, Spain
| | - Amparo M Gallardo-Moreno
- University of Extremadura, Department of Applied Physics, Badajoz, Spain; Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Badajoz, Spain; University Institute of Extremadura Sanity Research (iNube), Badajoz, Spain.
| | - M Luisa González-Martín
- University of Extremadura, Department of Applied Physics, Badajoz, Spain; Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Badajoz, Spain; University Institute of Extremadura Sanity Research (iNube), Badajoz, Spain
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Facile preparation PCL/ modified nano ZnO organic-inorganic composite and its application in antibacterial materials. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-020-02046-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Fernández-Calderón M, Romero-Guzmán D, Ferrández-Montero A, Pérez-Giraldo C, González-Carrasco JL, Lieblich M, Benavente R, Ferrari B, González-Martín M, Gallardo-Moreno AM. Impact of PLA/Mg films degradation on surface physical properties and biofilm survival. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 185:110617. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.110617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Aging of Solvent-Casting PLA-Mg Hydrophobic Films: Impact on Bacterial Adhesion and Viability. COATINGS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings9120814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Biomaterials used for the manufacture of biomedical devices must have suitable surface properties avoiding bacterial colonization and/or proliferation. Most biomaterial-related infections start during the surgery. Bacteria can begin colonization of the surface of a device right after implantation or in the next few hours. This time may also be sufficient to begin the deterioration of a biodegradable implant. This work explores the surface changes that hydrophobic films of poly(lactic) acid reinforced with Mg particles, prepared by solving-casting, undergone after in vitro degradation at different times. Hydrophobicity, surface tension, zeta potential, topography, and elemental composition were obtained from new and aged films. The initial degradation for 4 h was combined with unspecific bacterial adhesion and viability tests to check if degraded films are more or less susceptible to be contaminated. The degradation of the films decreases their hydrophobicity and causes the appearance of a biocompatible layer, composed mainly of magnesium phosphate. The release of Mg2+ is very acute at the beginning of the degradation process, and such positive charges may favor the electrostatic approach and attachment of Staphylococci. However, all bacteria attached on the films containing Mg particles appeared damaged, ensuring the bacteriostatic effect of these films, even after the first hours of their degradation.
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