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Liu J, Dong Z, Huan K, He Z, Zhang Q, Deng D, Luo L. Application of the Electrospinning Technique in Electrochemical Biosensors: An Overview. Molecules 2024; 29:2769. [PMID: 38930834 PMCID: PMC11206051 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29122769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Electrospinning is a cost-effective and flexible technology for producing nanofibers with large specific surface areas, functionalized surfaces, and stable structures. In recent years, electrospun nanofibers have attracted more and more attention in electrochemical biosensors due to their excellent morphological and structural properties. This review outlines the principle of electrospinning technology. The strategies of producing nanofibers with different diameters, morphologies, and structures are discussed to understand the regulation rules of nanofiber morphology and structure. The application of electrospun nanofibers in electrochemical biosensors is reviewed in detail. In addition, we look towards the future prospects of electrospinning technology and the challenge of scale production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China;
| | - Zhong Dong
- College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; (Z.D.); (K.H.)
| | - Ke Huan
- College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; (Z.D.); (K.H.)
| | - Zhangchu He
- College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; (Z.D.); (K.H.)
| | - Qixian Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200436, China
- Shaoxing Institute of Technology, Shanghai University, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Dongmei Deng
- College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; (Z.D.); (K.H.)
| | - Liqiang Luo
- College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; (Z.D.); (K.H.)
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2
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Sandhoff CA, Loewen A, Kuhn Y, Vidal HT, Ruetten S, Jockenhoevel S. The Challenge of E-Spinning Sub-Millimeter Tubular Scaffolds-A Design-of-Experiments Study for Fiber Yield Improvement. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1475. [PMID: 38891422 PMCID: PMC11174914 DOI: 10.3390/polym16111475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
In tissue engineering, electrospinning has gained significant interest due to its highly porous structure with an excellent surface area to volume ratio and fiber diameters that can mimic the structure of the extracellular matrix. Bioactive substances such as growth factors and drugs are easily integrated. In many applications, there is an important need for small tubular structures (I.D. < 1 mm). However, fabricating sub-millimeter structures is challenging as it reduces the collector area and increases the disturbing factors, leading to significant fiber loss. This study aims to establish a reliable and reproducible electrospinning process for sub-millimeter tubular structures with minimized material loss. Influencing factors were analyzed, and disturbance factors were removed before optimizing control variables through the design-of-experiments method. Structural and morphological characterization was performed, including the yield, thickness, and fiber arrangement of the scaffold. We evaluated the electrospinning process to enhance the manufacturing efficiency and reduce material loss. The results indicated that adjusting the voltage settings and polarity significantly increased the fiber yield from 8% to 94%. Variations in the process parameters also affected the scaffold thickness and homogeneity. The results demonstrate the complex relationship between the process parameters and provide valuable insights for optimizing electrospinning, particularly for the cost-effective and reproducible production of small tubular diameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cilia A. Sandhoff
- Department of Biohybrid & Medical Textiles (BioTex), AME Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstr. 55, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (C.A.S.); (A.L.); (Y.K.)
| | - Alexander Loewen
- Department of Biohybrid & Medical Textiles (BioTex), AME Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstr. 55, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (C.A.S.); (A.L.); (Y.K.)
| | - Yasmin Kuhn
- Department of Biohybrid & Medical Textiles (BioTex), AME Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstr. 55, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (C.A.S.); (A.L.); (Y.K.)
| | - Haude-Tukua Vidal
- Laboratoire de Physique et Mécanique Textiles (LPMT), École Nationale Supérieure d’Ingénieurs Sud-Alsace, 12 Rue des Frères Lumière, 68 093 Mulhouse, France
| | - Stephan Ruetten
- Electron Microscopy Facility, University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
| | - Stefan Jockenhoevel
- Department of Biohybrid & Medical Textiles (BioTex), AME Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstr. 55, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (C.A.S.); (A.L.); (Y.K.)
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials (AMIBM), Maastricht University, Urmonderbaan 22, 6167 RD Geleen, The Netherlands
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3
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Al-Kharusi G, Dunne NJ, Little S, Levingstone TJ. The Role of Machine Learning and Design of Experiments in the Advancement of Biomaterial and Tissue Engineering Research. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:561. [PMID: 36290529 PMCID: PMC9598592 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9100561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Optimisation of tissue engineering (TE) processes requires models that can identify relationships between the parameters to be optimised and predict structural and performance outcomes from both physical and chemical processes. Currently, Design of Experiments (DoE) methods are commonly used for optimisation purposes in addition to playing an important role in statistical quality control and systematic randomisation for experiment planning. DoE is only used for the analysis and optimisation of quantitative data (i.e., number-based, countable or measurable), while it lacks the suitability for imaging and high dimensional data analysis. Machine learning (ML) offers considerable potential for data analysis, providing a greater flexibility in terms of data that can be used for optimisation and predictions. Its application within the fields of biomaterials and TE has recently been explored. This review presents the different types of DoE methodologies and the appropriate methods that have been used in TE applications. Next, ML algorithms that are widely used for optimisation and predictions are introduced and their advantages and disadvantages are presented. The use of different ML algorithms for TE applications is reviewed, with a particular focus on their use in optimising 3D bioprinting processes for tissue-engineered construct fabrication. Finally, the review discusses the future perspectives and presents the possibility of integrating DoE and ML in one system that would provide opportunities for researchers to achieve greater improvements in the TE field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghayadah Al-Kharusi
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
- Centre for Medical Engineering Research (MEDeng), Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Nicholas J. Dunne
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
- Centre for Medical Engineering Research (MEDeng), Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
- Advanced Processing Technology Research Centre, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
- Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre (I-Form), Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
- Biodesign Europe, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering (TCBE), Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Suzanne Little
- Insight SFI Research Centre for Data Analytics, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Tanya J. Levingstone
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
- Centre for Medical Engineering Research (MEDeng), Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
- Advanced Processing Technology Research Centre, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
- Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre (I-Form), Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
- Biodesign Europe, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering (TCBE), Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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4
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Carvalho DN, Gonçalves C, Oliveira JM, Williams DS, Mearns-Spragg A, Reis RL, Silva TH. A Design of Experiments (DoE) Approach to Optimize Cryogel Manufacturing for Tissue Engineering Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:2026. [PMID: 35631910 PMCID: PMC9143905 DOI: 10.3390/polym14102026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine origin polymers represent a sustainable and natural alternative to mammal counterparts regarding the biomedical application due to their similarities with proteins and polysaccharides present in extracellular matrix (ECM) in humans and can reduce the risks associated with zoonosis and overcoming social- and religious-related constraints. In particular, collagen-based biomaterials have been widely explored in tissue engineering scaffolding applications, where cryogels are of particular interest as low temperature avoids protein denaturation. However, little is known about the influence of the parameters regarding their behavior, i.e., how they can influence each other toward improving their physical and chemical properties. Factorial design of experiments (DoE) and response surface methodology (RSM) emerge as tools to overcome these difficulties, which are statistical tools to find the most influential parameter and optimize processes. In this work, we hypothesized that a design of experiments (DoE) model would be able to support the optimization of the collagen-chitosan-fucoidan cryogel manufacturing. Therefore, the parameters temperature (A), collagen concentration (B), and fucoidan concentration (C) were carefully considered to be applied to the Box-Behnken design (three factors and three levels). Data obtained on rheological oscillatory measurements, as well as on the evaluation of antioxidant concentration and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentration, showed that fucoidan concentration could significantly influence collagen-chitosan-fucoidan cryogel formation, creating a stable internal polymeric network promoted by ionic crosslinking bonds. Additionally, the effect of temperature significantly contributed to rheological oscillatory properties. Overall, the condition that allowed us to have better results, from an optimization point of view according to the DoE, were the gels produced at -80 °C and composed of 5% of collagen, 3% of chitosan, and 10% fucoidan. Therefore, the proposed DoE model was considered suitable for predicting the best parameter combinations needed to develop these cryogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duarte Nuno Carvalho
- 3B’s Research Group, I3B’s—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics of University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal; (D.N.C.); (J.M.O.); (R.L.R.); (T.H.S.)
- ICVS/3B’s—P.T. Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Cristiana Gonçalves
- 3B’s Research Group, I3B’s—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics of University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal; (D.N.C.); (J.M.O.); (R.L.R.); (T.H.S.)
- ICVS/3B’s—P.T. Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Joaquim Miguel Oliveira
- 3B’s Research Group, I3B’s—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics of University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal; (D.N.C.); (J.M.O.); (R.L.R.); (T.H.S.)
- ICVS/3B’s—P.T. Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - David S. Williams
- Jellagen Limited, Unit G6, Capital Business Park, Parkway, St. Mellons, Cardiff CF3 2PY, UK; (D.S.W.); (A.M.-S.)
| | - Andrew Mearns-Spragg
- Jellagen Limited, Unit G6, Capital Business Park, Parkway, St. Mellons, Cardiff CF3 2PY, UK; (D.S.W.); (A.M.-S.)
| | - Rui L. Reis
- 3B’s Research Group, I3B’s—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics of University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal; (D.N.C.); (J.M.O.); (R.L.R.); (T.H.S.)
- ICVS/3B’s—P.T. Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Tiago H. Silva
- 3B’s Research Group, I3B’s—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics of University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal; (D.N.C.); (J.M.O.); (R.L.R.); (T.H.S.)
- ICVS/3B’s—P.T. Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
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5
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Pisani S, Genta I, Dorati R, Modena T, Chiesa E, Bruni G, Benazzo M, Conti B. A Design of Experiment (DOE) approach to correlate PLA-PCL electrospun fibers diameter and mechanical properties for soft tissue regeneration purposes. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.103060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Sharma D, Saha S, Satapathy BK. Recent advances in polymer scaffolds for biomedical applications. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2021; 33:342-408. [PMID: 34606739 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2021.1989569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The review provides insights into current advancements in electrospinning-assisted manufacturing for optimally designing biomedical devices for their prospective applications in tissue engineering, wound healing, drug delivery, sensing, and enzyme immobilization, and others. Further, the evolution of electrospinning-based hybrid biomedical devices using a combined approach of 3 D printing and/or film casting/molding, to design dimensionally stable membranes/micro-nanofibrous assemblies/patches/porous surfaces, etc. is reported. The influence of various electrospinning parameters, polymeric material, testing environment, and other allied factors on the morphological and physico-mechanical properties of electrospun (nano-/micro-fibrous) mats (EMs) and fibrous assemblies have been compiled and critically discussed. The spectrum of operational research and statistical approaches that are now being adopted for efficient optimization of electrospinning process parameters so as to obtain the desired response (physical and structural attributes) has prospectively been looked into. Further, the present review summarizes some current limitations and future perspectives for modeling architecturally novel hybrid 3 D/selectively textured structural assemblies, such as biocompatible, non-toxic, and bioresorbable mats/scaffolds/membranes/patches with apt mechanical stability, as biological substrates for various regenerative and non-regenerative therapeutic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Sharma
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Sampa Saha
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Bhabani K Satapathy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
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7
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Mulholland EJ, McErlean EM, Dunne N, McCarthy HO. Design of a novel electrospun PVA platform for gene therapy applications using the CHAT peptide. Int J Pharm 2021; 598:120366. [PMID: 33561501 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The electrospinning of polymers has previously shown excellent potential for localised gene therapy. Thus, it was proposed that for the first time, the cell-penetrating CHAT peptide could be utilised to deliver DNA via electrospun nanofibres for localised gene therapy treatment. CHAT is an effective delivery system that encapsulates pDNA to form nanoparticles with the physicochemical characteristics for cellular uptake and protein generation. In this study, the production of smooth, bead-free PVA nanofibres by electrospinning was optimised through a Design of Experiments approach. Bead-free PVA nanofibres were consistently produced using the optimised parameters as follows: applied voltage (8 kV); collector-emitter distance (8 cm); polymer flow rate (4 µL/min); polymer concentration (9 wt% polymer); PVA MW (146-180 kDa). PVA nanofibres were subsequently crosslinked in 1 vol% glutaraldehyde in methanol to confer stability under aqueous conditions with minimal change to morphology, and no compromise to biocompatibility. Nanoparticles of CHAT/pDNA were synthesised and incorporated into the crosslinked nanofibres via soak-loading. Evaluation studies indicated that 100% of the loaded cargo was released within 48 h from the nanofibres. Furthermore, the released pDNA retained structural integrity and functionality as confirmed by gel electrophoresis and transfection studies in NCTC-929 fibroblast cells. Taken together, this data demonstrates that delivery of CHAT/pDNA nanoparticles from electrospun PVA nanofibres represents a solution for localised gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Mulholland
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - E M McErlean
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - N Dunne
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland; Centre for Medical Engineering Research, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland; Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre (I-Form), School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland; Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Advanced Processing Technology Research Centre, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland; Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - H O McCarthy
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland.
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8
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Ruiter FAA, Sidney LE, Kiick KL, Segal JI, Alexander C, Rose FRAJ. The electrospinning of a thermo-responsive polymer with peptide conjugates for phenotype support and extracellular matrix production of therapeutically relevant mammalian cells. Biomater Sci 2021; 8:2611-2626. [PMID: 32239020 DOI: 10.1039/c9bm01965k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Current cell expansion methods for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications rely on the use of enzymatic digestion passaging and 2D platforms. However, this enzymatic treatment significantly reduces cell quality, due to the destruction of important cell-surface proteins. In addition, culture in 2D results in undesired de-differentiation of the cells caused by the lack of 3D similarity to the natural extracellular matrix (ECM) environment. Research has led to the development of thermo-responsive surfaces for the continuous culture of cells. These thermo-responsive materials properties can be used to passage cells from the surface when the cell culture temperature is reduced. Here we report the development of a PLA/thermo-responsive (PDEGMA) blend 3D electrospun fibre-based scaffold to create an enzymatic-free 3D cell culture platform for the expansion of mammalian cells with the desired phenotype for clinical use. Human corneal stromal cells (hCSCs) were used as an exemplar as they have been observed to de-differentiate to an undesirable myo-fibroblastic phenotype when cultured by conventional 2D cell culture methods. Scaffolds were functionalised with a cell adherence peptide sequence GGG-YIGSR by thiol-ene chemistry to improve cell adherence and phenotype support. This was obtained by functionalising the thermo-responsive polymer with a thiol (PDEGMA/PDEGSH) by co-polymerisation. These incorporated thiols react with the norbornene acid functionalised peptide (Nor-GGG-YIGSR) under UV exposure. Presence of the thiol in the scaffold and subsequent peptide attachment on the scaffolds were confirmed by fluorescence labelling, ToF-SIMS and XPS analysis. The biocompatibility of the peptide containing scaffolds was assessed by the adhesion, proliferation and immuno-staining of hCSCs. Significant increase in hCSC adherence and proliferation was observed on the peptide containing scaffolds. Immuno-staining showed maintained expression of the desired phenotypic markers ALDH, CD34 and CD105, while showing no or low expression of the undesired phenotype marker α-SMA. This desired expression was observed to be maintained after thermo-responsive passaging and higher when cells were cultured on PLA scaffolds with 10 wt% PDEGMA/4 mol% PDEGS-Nor-GGG-YIGSR. This paper describes the fabrication and application of a first generation, biocompatible peptide conjugated thermo-responsive fibrous scaffold. The ease of fabrication, successful adherence and expansion of a therapeutically relevant cell type makes these scaffolds a promising new class of materials for the application of cell culture expansion platforms in the biomaterials and tissue engineering field.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A A Ruiter
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, UK.
| | - L E Sidney
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, UK.
| | - K L Kiick
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, USA.
| | - J I Segal
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, UK.
| | - C Alexander
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, UK.
| | - F R A J Rose
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, UK.
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Isaac B, Taylor RM, Reifsnider K. Anisotropic Characterizations of Electrospun PAN Nanofiber Mats Using Design of Experiments. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10112273. [PMID: 33212848 PMCID: PMC7698451 DOI: 10.3390/nano10112273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This paper deals with the dielectric and mechanical characterizations of polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-aligned electrospun nanofiber mats. A two factor three level full factorial experiment is conducted to understand the effect of various parameters on dielectric and mechanical responses. These responses are recorded against randomly oriented and aligned nanofiber mats. Improved properties of electrospun mats have applications in the field of energy storage and nanocomposite reinforcement. Dielectric and mechanical characterizations of PAN mats are vital, as the aligned electrospun mats were found to be useful in advanced energy and mechanical reinforcement applications. Therefore, it is paramount to understand the effects of system parameters to these properties. The design of experiment (DoE) includes two factors and three level full factorial experiments with concentrations of PAN solutions at 8 wt.%, 9 wt.%, and 10 wt.%, and speed of the rotating mandrel (collector) at 3 volt (V), 4 V, and 5 V inputs. The electric field intensity used in the experiment is 1 kV/cm. DoE is conducted to understand the nonlinear interactions of parameters to these responses. The dielectric and mechanical characterizations of 8 wt.%, 9 wt.%, and 10 wt.% with different speeds for the original and improved systems are discussed. It was observed that at 9 wt.% and at all mandrel speeds, the dielectric and tensile properties are optimum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blesson Isaac
- Chemical and Radiation Measurement Department, Energy Environment Science and Technology, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, ID 83415, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-713-553-4037
| | - Robert M. Taylor
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA; (R.M.T.); (K.R.)
| | - Kenneth Reifsnider
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA; (R.M.T.); (K.R.)
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10
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Saad EM, El Gohary NA, El-Shenawy BM, Handoussa H, Klingner A, Elwi M, Hamed Y, Khalil ISM, El Nashar RM, Mizaikoff B. Fabrication of Magnetic Molecularly Imprinted Beaded Fibers for Rosmarinic Acid. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10081478. [PMID: 32731560 PMCID: PMC7466393 DOI: 10.3390/nano10081478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The present study describes the fabrication of molecularly imprinted (MI) magnetic beaded fibers using electrospinning. Rosmarinic acid was selected as exemplary yet relevant template during molecular imprinting. A “design of experiments” methodology was used for optimizing the electrospinning process. Four factors, i.e., the concentration of the biodegradable polymer (polycaprolactone), the applied voltage, the flow rate, and the collector distance were varied in a central composite design. The production process was then optimized according to the suitability of the beaded fibers during microrobot fabrication, actuation, and drug release. The optimum average fiber diameter of MI beaded fibers was determined at 857 ± 390 nm with an average number of beads at 0.011 ± 0.002 per µm2. In vitro release profiles of the optimized MI beaded fibers revealed a lower burst rate and a more sustained release when compared to control fibers. Magnetic control of the MI beaded fibers was successfully tested by following selected waypoints along a star-shaped predefined trajectory. This study innovatively combines molecular imprinting technology with magnetic microrobots enabling targeted drug delivery systems that offer precise motion control via the magnetic response of microrobots along with selective uptake of a drug into the microrobot using MI beaded fibers in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Engy M Saad
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Nesrine Abdelrehim El Gohary
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Basma M El-Shenawy
- Pharmaceutical Technology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Heba Handoussa
- Pharmaceutical Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Anke Klingner
- Physics Department, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Elwi
- Materials Engineering Department, Faculty of engineering and Materials Science, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Youssef Hamed
- Mechatronics Department, Faculty of engineering and Materials Science, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Islam S M Khalil
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | | | - Boris Mizaikoff
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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11
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Shukla S, Favata J, Srivastava V, Shahbazmohamadi S, Tripathi A, Shukla A. Effect of polymer and ion concentration on mechanical and drug release behavior of gellan hydrogels using factorial design. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20190205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shashank Shukla
- School of Engineering, Brown University Providence Rhode Island USA
- Center for Biomedical Engineering Brown University Providence Rhode Island USA
| | - Joseph Favata
- REFINE Lab University of Connecticut Storrs Connecticut USA
| | - Vikas Srivastava
- School of Engineering, Brown University Providence Rhode Island USA
- Center for Biomedical Engineering Brown University Providence Rhode Island USA
| | | | - Anubhav Tripathi
- School of Engineering, Brown University Providence Rhode Island USA
- Center for Biomedical Engineering Brown University Providence Rhode Island USA
- Institute for Molecular and Nanoscale Innovation, Brown University Providence Rhode Island USA
| | - Anita Shukla
- School of Engineering, Brown University Providence Rhode Island USA
- Center for Biomedical Engineering Brown University Providence Rhode Island USA
- Institute for Molecular and Nanoscale Innovation, Brown University Providence Rhode Island USA
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12
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Ranjan VD, Zeng P, Li B, Zhang Y. In vitro cell culture in hollow microfibers with porous structures. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:2175-2188. [DOI: 10.1039/c9bm01986c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Hollow and porous cell-encapsulated microfibers have been fabricated via simultaneously electrospinning two different biomaterial-based polymer solutions using a coaxial spinneret.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Damodar Ranjan
- NTU Institute for Health Technologies
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 639798
| | - Peiqin Zeng
- School of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 639798
| | - Boyuan Li
- School of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 639798
| | - Yilei Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- University of Canterbury
- New Zealand, 8041
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13
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Jafari S, Hosseini Salekdeh SS, Solouk A, Yousefzadeh M. Electrospun polyethylene terephthalate (PET) nanofibrous conduit for biomedical application. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Jafari
- Biomedical Engineering DepartmentAmirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic) Tehran Iran
| | | | - Atefeh Solouk
- Biomedical Engineering DepartmentAmirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic) Tehran Iran
| | - Maryam Yousefzadeh
- Textile Engineering DepartmentAmirkabir University of Technology Tehran Iran
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14
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Young RE, Graf J, Miserocchi I, Van Horn RM, Gordon MB, Anderson CR, Sefcik LS. Optimizing the alignment of thermoresponsive poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) electrospun nanofibers for tissue engineering applications: A factorial design of experiments approach. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219254. [PMID: 31276542 PMCID: PMC6611625 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermoresponsive polymers, such as poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAM), have been identified and used as cell culture substrates, taking advantage of the polymer's lower critical solution temperature (LCST) to mechanically harvest cells. This technology bypasses the use of biochemical enzymes that cleave important cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. In this study, the process of electrospinning is used to fabricate and characterize aligned PNIPAM nanofiber scaffolds that are biocompatible and thermoresponsive. Nanofiber scaffolds produced by electrospinning possess a 3D architecture that mimics native extracellular matrix, providing physical and chemical cues to drive cell function and phenotype. We present a factorial design of experiments (DOE) approach to systematically determine the effects of different electrospinning process parameters on PNIPAM nanofiber diameter and alignment. Results show that high molecular weight PNIPAM can be successfully electrospun into both random and uniaxially aligned nanofiber mats with similar fiber diameters by simply altering the speed of the rotating mandrel collector from 10,000 to 33,000 RPM. PNIPAM nanofibers were crosslinked with OpePOSS, which was verified using FTIR. The mechanical properties of the scaffolds were characterized using dynamic mechanical analysis, revealing an order of magnitude difference in storage modulus (MPa) between cured and uncured samples. In summary, cross-linked PNIPAM nanofiber scaffolds were determined to be stable in aqueous culture, biocompatible, and thermoresponsive, enabling their use in diverse cell culture applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E. Young
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lafayette College, Easton, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jodi Graf
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lafayette College, Easton, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Isabella Miserocchi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lafayette College, Easton, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Ryan M. Van Horn
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lafayette College, Easton, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Melissa B. Gordon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lafayette College, Easton, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Christopher R. Anderson
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lafayette College, Easton, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Lauren S. Sefcik
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lafayette College, Easton, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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15
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Abdelhakim HE, Coupe A, Tuleu C, Edirisinghe M, Craig DQM. Electrospinning Optimization of Eudragit E PO with and without Chlorpheniramine Maleate Using a Design of Experiment Approach. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:2557-2568. [PMID: 31021642 PMCID: PMC6549214 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Electrospinning is increasingly becoming a viable means of producing drug delivery vehicles for oral delivery, particularly as issues of manufacturing scalability are being addressed. In this study, electrospinning is explored as a taste-masking manufacturing technology for bitter drugs. The taste-masking polymer Eudragit E PO (E-EPO) was electrospun, guided by a quality by design approach. Using a design of experiment, factors influencing the production of smooth fibers were investigated. Polymer concentration, solvent composition, applied voltage, flow rate, and gap distance were the parameters examined. Of these, polymer concentration was shown to be the only statistically significant factor within the ranges studied ( p-value = 0.0042). As the concentration increased, smoother fibers were formed, coupled with an increase in fiber diameter. E-EPO (35% w/v) was identified as the optimum concentration for smooth fiber production. The optimized processing conditions identified were a gap distance of 175 mm, an applied voltage of between 15 and 20 kV, and a flow rate of 1 mL/h. Using this knowledge, the production optimization of electrospun E-EPO with chlorpheniramine maleate (CPM), a bitter antihistamine drug, was explored. The addition of CPM in drug loads of 1:6 up to 1:10 CPM/E-EPO yielded smooth fibers that were electrospun under conditions similar to placebo fibers. Solid-state characterization showed CPM to be molecularly dispersed in E-EPO. An electronic tasting system, or E-tongue, indicated good taste-masking performance as compared to the equivalent physical mixtures. This study therefore describes a means of producing, optimizing, and assessing the performance of electrospun taste-masked fibers as a novel approach to the formulation of CPM and potentially other bitter drug substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hend E. Abdelhakim
- School
of Pharmacy, University College London (UCL), 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, U.K.
| | - Alastair Coupe
- Pfizer
Limited, Global R&D, Discovery Park, Ramsgate Road, Sandwich, Kent CT13 9ND, U.K.
| | - Catherine Tuleu
- School
of Pharmacy, University College London (UCL), 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, U.K.
| | - Mohan Edirisinghe
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, UCL, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, U.K.
| | - Duncan Q. M. Craig
- School
of Pharmacy, University College London (UCL), 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, U.K.
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16
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Schubert DW. Revealing Novel Power Laws and Quantization in Electrospinning Considering Jet Splitting—Toward Predicting Fiber Diameter and Its Distribution. MACROMOL THEOR SIMUL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/mats.201900006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dirk W. Schubert
- Department of Materials ScienceFaculty of EngineeringInstitute of Polymer MaterialsFriedrich‐Alexander University Erlangen‐NürnbergMartensstraße 7 91058 Erlangen Germany
- Key Lab Advanced Fiber TechnologyBavarian Polymer Institute Dr.‐Mack‐Straße 77 90762 Fürth Germany
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17
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Iregui A, Irusta L, Martin L, González A. Analysis of the Process Parameters for Obtaining a Stable Electrospun Process in Different Composition Epoxy/Poly ε-Caprolactone Blends with Shape Memory Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E475. [PMID: 30960459 PMCID: PMC6474130 DOI: 10.3390/polym11030475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work Poly ε-caprolactone (PCL)/ Diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) blends were electrospun and the obtained mats were UV cured to achieve shape memory properties. In the majority of studies, when blends with different compositions are electrospun, the process variables such as voltage or flow rate are fixed independently of the composition and consequently the quality of the fibers is not optimized in all of the range studied. In the present work, using the design of experiments methodology, flow rate and voltage required to obtain a stable process were evaluated as responses in addition to the fiber diameter and shape memory properties. The results showed that the solution concentration and amount of PCL played an important role in the voltage and flow rate. For the shape memory properties excellent values were achieved and no composition dependence was observed. In the case of fiber diameter, similar results to previous works were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Iregui
- POLYMAT, Department of Polymer Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV-EHU, PO Box 1072, 20080 Donostia/San Sebastian, Spain.
| | - Lourdes Irusta
- POLYMAT, Department of Polymer Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV-EHU, PO Box 1072, 20080 Donostia/San Sebastian, Spain.
| | - Loli Martin
- Macrobehaviour-Mesostructure-Nanotechnology SGIker Service, Polytechnic School, University of the Basque Country UPV-EHU, Plaza Europa 1, 20018 Donostia/San Sebastian, Spain.
| | - Alba González
- POLYMAT, Department of Polymer Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV-EHU, PO Box 1072, 20080 Donostia/San Sebastian, Spain.
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18
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Shah Hosseini N, Simon B, Messaoud T, Khenoussi N, Schacher L, Adolphe D. Quantitative approaches of nanofibers organization for biomedical patterned nanofibrous scaffold by image analysis. J Biomed Mater Res A 2018; 106:2963-2972. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neda Shah Hosseini
- Laboratoire de Physique et Mécanique Textiles EA 4365-UHA Mulhouse; Mulhouse France
| | - Bertrand Simon
- Laboratoire de Modélisation Intelligence Processus Systèmes (MIPS) EA 2332-UHA Mulhouse; Mulhouse France
| | - Tahani Messaoud
- École nationale d'ingénierie; Université de Monastir; Monastir Tunisia
| | - Nabyl Khenoussi
- Laboratoire de Physique et Mécanique Textiles EA 4365-UHA Mulhouse; Mulhouse France
| | - Laurence Schacher
- Laboratoire de Physique et Mécanique Textiles EA 4365-UHA Mulhouse; Mulhouse France
| | - Dominique Adolphe
- Laboratoire de Physique et Mécanique Textiles EA 4365-UHA Mulhouse; Mulhouse France
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19
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Levin A, Sharma V, Hook L, García-Gareta E. The importance of factorial design in tissue engineering and biomaterials science: Optimisation of cell seeding efficiency on dermal scaffolds as a case study. J Tissue Eng 2018; 9:2041731418781696. [PMID: 30034769 PMCID: PMC6048616 DOI: 10.1177/2041731418781696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This article presents a case study to show the usefulness and importance of using
factorial design in tissue engineering and biomaterials science. We used a full
factorial experimental design (2 × 2 × 2 × 3) to solve a routine query in every
biomaterial research project: the optimisation of cell seeding efficiency for
pre-clinical in vitro cell studies, the importance of which is often overlooked.
In addition, tissue-engineered scaffolds can be cellularised with relevant cell
type(s) to form implantable tissue constructs, where the cell seeding method
must be reliable and robust. Our results show the complex relationship between
cells and scaffolds and suggest that the optimum seeding conditions for each
material may be different due to different material properties, and therefore,
should be investigated for individual scaffolds. Our factorial experimental
design can be easily translated to other cell types and three-dimensional
biomaterials, where multiple interacting variables can be thoroughly
investigated for better understanding of cell–biomaterial interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Levin
- Regenerative Biomaterials Group, RAFT Institute, Northwood, UK
| | - Vaibhav Sharma
- Regenerative Biomaterials Group, RAFT Institute, Northwood, UK
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