1
|
Nashchekina Y, Militsina A, Elokhovskiy V, Ivan’kova E, Nashchekin A, Kamalov A, Yudin V. Precisely Printable Silk Fibroin/Carboxymethyl Cellulose/Alginate Bioink for 3D Printing. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1027. [PMID: 38674947 PMCID: PMC11054624 DOI: 10.3390/polym16081027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting opens up many possibilities for tissue engineering, thanks to its ability to create a three-dimensional environment for cells like an extracellular matrix. However, the use of natural polymers such as silk fibroin in 3D bioprinting faces obstacles such as having a limited printability due to the low viscosity of such solutions. This study addresses these gaps by developing highly viscous, stable, and biocompatible silk fibroin-based inks. The addition of 2% carboxymethyl cellulose sodium and 1% sodium alginate to an aqueous solution containing 2.5 to 5% silk fibroin significantly improves the printability, stability, and mechanical properties of the printed scaffolds. It has been demonstrated that the more silk fibroin there is in bioinks, the higher their printability. To stabilize silk fibroin scaffolds in an aqueous environment, the printed structures must be treated with methanol or ethanol, ensuring the transition from the silk fibroin's amorphous phase to beta sheets. The developed bioinks that are based on silk fibroin, alginate, and carboxymethyl cellulose demonstrate an ease of printing and a high printing quality, and have a sufficiently good biocompatibility with respect to mesenchymal stromal cells. The printed scaffolds have satisfactory mechanical characteristics. The resulting 3D-printing bioink composition can be used to create tissue-like structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya Nashchekina
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Center of Cell Technologies, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia
| | - Anastasia Militsina
- Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg 195251, Russia;
| | - Vladimir Elokhovskiy
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 199004, Russia; (V.E.); (E.I.); (A.K.)
| | - Elena Ivan’kova
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 199004, Russia; (V.E.); (E.I.); (A.K.)
- S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy, Scientific Research Center, St. Petersburg 194044, Russia
| | - Alexey Nashchekin
- Ioffe Institute, Laboratory «Characterization of Materials and Structures of Solid State Electronics», St. Petersburg 194021, Russia;
| | - Almaz Kamalov
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 199004, Russia; (V.E.); (E.I.); (A.K.)
| | - Vladimir Yudin
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 199004, Russia; (V.E.); (E.I.); (A.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bharadwaj T, Chrungoo S, Verma D. Self-assembled chitosan/gelatin nanofibrous aggregates incorporated thermosensitive nanocomposite bioink for bone tissue engineering. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 324:121544. [PMID: 37985063 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan-based thermosensitive bioink can be a potential option as bioinks for bone tissue engineering because of their excellent biocompatibility and crosslinker-free gelation at physiological temperature. However, their low mechanical strength, poor printability, and low post-printing cell viability are some of their limitations. In this work, self-assembled nanofibrous aggregates of chitosan and gelatin were prepared and incorporated in chitosan-based bioinks to enhance printability, mechanical properties, post-printing cell viability, and proliferation. Subsequently, the optimal concentration of nanohydroxyapatite was determined, and the potential of the nanocomposite bioink was evaluated. Physiochemical, mechanical, and in vitro characterizations were carried out for the developed nanocomposite bioink. The bioink had optimum printability at 10 % nanohydroxyapatite and cell viability >88 %. The composite bioink had a low water uptake capacity (2.5 %) and degraded within 3 weeks in the presence of lysozyme. Mechanical characterization revealed an elastic modulus of about 15.5 kPa. Rheological analysis indicated a higher storage modulus of the bioink samples at 37 °C. ALP activity of 36.8 units/ml after 14 days of scaffold culture in osteogenic media indicated high cellular activity. These results suggested that the incorporation of osteogenic nanohydroxyapatite and nanofibrous aggregates improved the overall osteogenic and physiochemical potential of the thermosensitive bioink.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanmay Bharadwaj
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India
| | - Shreya Chrungoo
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India
| | - Devendra Verma
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gillispie GJ, Copus J, Uzun-Per M, Yoo JJ, Atala A, Niazi MKK, Lee SJ. The correlation between rheological properties and extrusion-based printability in bioink artifact quantification. MATERIALS & DESIGN 2023; 233:112237. [PMID: 37854951 PMCID: PMC10583861 DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2023.112237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Bioinks for cell-based bioprinting face availability limitations. Furthermore, the bioink development process needs comprehensive printability assessment methods and a thorough understanding of rheological factors' influence on printing outcomes. To bridge this gap, our study aimed to investigate the relationship between rheological properties and printing outcomes. We developed a specialized bioink artifact specifically designed to improve the quantification of printability assessment. This bioink artifact adhered to established criteria from extrusion-based bioprinting approaches. Seven hydrogel-based bioinks were selected and tested using the bioink artifact and rheological measurement. Rheological analysis revealed that the high-performing bioinks exhibited notable characteristics such as high storage modulus, low tan(δ), high shear-thinning capabilities, high yield stress, and fast, near-complete recovery abilities. Although rheological data alone cannot fully explain printing outcomes, certain metrics like storage modulus and tan(δ) correlated well (R2 > 0.9) with specific printing outcomes, such as gap-spanning capability and turn accuracy. This study provides a comprehensive examination of bioink shape fidelity across a wide range of bioinks, rheological measures, and printing outcomes. The results highlight the importance of considering the holistic view of bioink's rheological properties and directly measuring printing outcomes. These findings underscore the need to enhance bioink availability and establish standardized methods for assessing printability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory J. Gillispie
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Wake Forest University-Virginia Tech, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Joshua Copus
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Wake Forest University-Virginia Tech, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Meryem Uzun-Per
- Center for Biomedical Informatics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - James J. Yoo
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Wake Forest University-Virginia Tech, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Anthony Atala
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Wake Forest University-Virginia Tech, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Muhammad Khalid Khan Niazi
- Center for Biomedical Informatics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Sang Jin Lee
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Wake Forest University-Virginia Tech, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lee J, Park S, Lee S, Kweon HY, Jo YY, Kim J, Chung JH, Seonwoo H. Development of Silk Fibroin-Based Non-Crosslinking Thermosensitive Bioinks for 3D Bioprinting. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3567. [PMID: 37688193 PMCID: PMC10490361 DOI: 10.3390/polym15173567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting holds great promise for tissue engineering, allowing cells to thrive in a 3D environment. However, the applicability of natural polymers such as silk fibroin (SF) in 3D bioprinting faces hurdles due to limited mechanical strength and printability. SF, derived from the silkworm Bombyx mori, is emerging as a potential bioink due to its inherent physical gelling properties. However, research on inducing thermosensitive behavior in SF-based bioinks and tailoring their mechanical properties to specific tissue requirements is notably lacking. This study addresses these gaps through the development of silk fibroin-based thermosensitive bioinks (SF-TPBs). Precise modulation of gelation time and mechanical robustness is achieved by manipulating glycerol content without recourse to cross-linkers. Chemical analysis confirms β-sheet conformation in SF-TPBs independent of glycerol concentration. Increased glycerol content improves gelation kinetics and results in rheological properties suitable for 3D printing. Overall, SF-TPBs offer promising prospects for realizing the potential of 3D bioprinting using natural polymers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juo Lee
- Department of Animal Science & Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea;
- Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangbae Park
- Department of Convergence Biosystems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Rural and Biosystems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungmin Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hae Yong Kweon
- Division of Industrial Insect and Sericulture, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea;
| | - You-Young Jo
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Apiculture Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jungsil Kim
- Department of Bio-Industrial Machinery Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehakro, Bukgu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea;
| | | | - Hoon Seonwoo
- Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea
- Department of Convergent Biosystems Engineering, College of Life Science and Natural Resources, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sui X, Zhang H, Yao J, Yang L, Zhang X, Li L, Wang J, Li M, Liu Z. 3D printing of 'green' thermo-sensitive chitosan-hydroxyapatite bone scaffold based on lyophilized platelet-rich fibrin. Biomed Mater 2023; 18. [PMID: 36758238 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/acbad5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
The critical bone defect is still an urgent problem in the field of bone repair. Here, we reported a new type of chitosan (CS)-hydroxyapatite (HAP) scaffolds based on lyophilized platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) for releasing abundant growth factors to realize their respective functions. It also has strong mechanical properties to maintain the stability of the bone repair environment. However, acid-soluble CS hydrogels often contain toxic and organic solvents. Moreover, chemical agents may be used for cross-linking for better mechanical properties, further increasing cytotoxicity. In this study, we used an alkali/urea dissolution system to dissolve CS, which improved its mechanical properties and made it thermo-sensitive. Finally, the L-PRF-CS-HAP (P-C-H) composite scaffold was constructed by extrusion-based printing. The results showed that the printing ink had desirable printability and temperature sensitivity. The compressive properties of the scaffolds exhibited a trend of decline with L-PRF content increasing, but all of them could meet the strength of cancellous bone. Meanwhile, the scaffolds had high hydrophilicity, porosity, and could be degraded stablyin vitro. The antibacterial properties of the scaffolds were also verified, greatly reducing the risk of infection during bone repair. It was also demonstrated that the release time of growth factor from L-PRF was significantly prolonged, and growth factor could still be detected after 35 d of sustained release. The capacity of cells to proliferate increased as the number of L-PRF components increased, indicating that L-PRF still exhibited biological activity after 3D printing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Sui
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, 130021, People's Republic of China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Huili Zhang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, 130021, People's Republic of China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Yao
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, 130021, People's Republic of China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Liuqing Yang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, 130021, People's Republic of China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, 130021, People's Republic of China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingfeng Li
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, 130021, People's Republic of China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Jue Wang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, 130021, People's Republic of China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Meihui Li
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, 130021, People's Republic of China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihui Liu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, 130021, People's Republic of China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Coşkun S, Akbulut SO, Sarıkaya B, Çakmak S, Gümüşderelioğlu M. Formulation of chitosan and chitosan-nanoHAp bioinks and investigation of printability with optimized bioprinting parameters. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 222:1453-1464. [PMID: 36113600 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The development of a chitosan-based bioink that can provide a cell-friendly environment at relatively low concentration and moderate cross-linking conditions is still problematic. Here, we developed amorphous nanohydroxyapatite (nHAp) containing chitosan bioink formulations that can be gelled via the inclusion of glycerol phosphate (GP) and sodium hydrogen carbonate (SHC) into the polymer network under physiological conditions. Rheological analyses indicated that all the formulations showed shear-thinning characteristics compatible with the extrusion-based bioprinting. Also, the chitosan bioinks exhibited more gel-like structure as the weight fraction of nHAp increased from 10 % to 40 %. The printability of the chitosan-based bioinks was assessed and optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). These studies revealed that all the formulations can be successfully printed within the ranges of 50-70 kPa printing pressure and 4-11 mm/s printing speed. Multi-layered chitosan biomaterials with distinct pore structure were successfully fabricated with a high printability index. High cell viability was observed after bioprinting with pre-osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. In conclusion, this study represents for the first time that chitosan biomaterials bearing suitable rheological properties and cellularity can be printed with controllable architecture for 3D bone scaffolds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sema Coşkun
- Bioengineering Division, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Hacettepe University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Serdar Onat Akbulut
- Bioengineering Division, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Hacettepe University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Burcu Sarıkaya
- Bioengineering Division, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Hacettepe University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Soner Çakmak
- Bioengineering Division, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Hacettepe University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Menemşe Gümüşderelioğlu
- Bioengineering Division, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Hacettepe University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Structured Data Storage for Data-Driven Process Optimisation in Bioprinting. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12157728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Bioprinting is a method to fabricate 3D models that mimic tissue. Future fields of application might be in pharmaceutical or medical context. As the number of applicants might vary between only one patient to manufacturing tissue for high-throughput drug screening, designing a process will necessitate a high degree of flexibility, robustness, as well as comprehensive monitoring. To enable quality by design process optimisation for future application, establishing systematic data storage routines suitable for automated analytical tools is highly desirable as a first step. This manuscript introduces a workflow for process design, documentation within an electronic lab notebook and monitoring to supervise the product quality over time or at different locations. Lab notes, analytical data and corresponding metadata are stored in a systematic hierarchy within the research data infrastructure Kadi4Mat, which allows for continuous, flexible data structuring and access management. To support the experimental and analytical workflow, additional features were implemented to enhance and build upon the functionality provided by Kadi4Mat, including browser-based file previews and a Python tool for the combined filtering and extraction of data. The structured research data management with Kadi4Mat enables retrospective data grouping and usage by process analytical technology tools connecting individual analysis software to machine-readable data exchange formats.
Collapse
|
8
|
Alavarse AC, Frachini ECG, da Silva RLCG, Lima VH, Shavandi A, Petri DFS. Crosslinkers for polysaccharides and proteins: Synthesis conditions, mechanisms, and crosslinking efficiency, a review. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 202:558-596. [PMID: 35038469 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Polysaccharides and proteins are important macromolecules for developing hydrogels devoted to biomedical applications. Chemical hydrogels offer chemical, mechanical, and dimensional stability than physical hydrogels due to the chemical bonds among the chains mediated by crosslinkers. There are many crosslinkers to synthesize polysaccharides and proteins based on hydrogels. In this review, we revisited the crosslinking reaction mechanisms between synthetic or natural crosslinkers and polysaccharides or proteins. The selected synthetic crosslinkers were glutaraldehyde, carbodiimide, boric acid, sodium trimetaphosphate, N,N'-methylene bisacrylamide, and polycarboxylic acid, whereas the selected natural crosslinkers included transglutaminase, tyrosinase, horseradish peroxidase, laccase, sortase A, genipin, vanillin, tannic acid, and phytic acid. No less important are the reactions involving click chemistry and the macromolecular crosslinkers for polysaccharides and proteins. Literature examples of polysaccharides or proteins crosslinked by the different strategies were presented along with the corresponding highlights. The general mechanism involved in chemical crosslinking mediated by gamma and UV radiation was discussed, with particular attention to materials commonly used in digital light processing. The evaluation of crosslinking efficiency by gravimetric measurements, rheology, and spectroscopic techniques was presented. Finally, we presented the challenges and opportunities to create safe chemical hydrogels for biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex Carvalho Alavarse
- Fundamental Chemistry Department, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Emilli Caroline Garcia Frachini
- Fundamental Chemistry Department, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Vitoria Hashimoto Lima
- Fundamental Chemistry Department, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amin Shavandi
- Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), École polytechnique de Bruxelles, 3BIO-BioMatter, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, 50 - CP 165/61, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Denise Freitas Siqueira Petri
- Fundamental Chemistry Department, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Fatimi A, Okoro OV, Podstawczyk D, Siminska-Stanny J, Shavandi A. Natural Hydrogel-Based Bio-Inks for 3D Bioprinting in Tissue Engineering: A Review. Gels 2022; 8:179. [PMID: 35323292 PMCID: PMC8948717 DOI: 10.3390/gels8030179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing is well acknowledged to constitute an important technology in tissue engineering, largely due to the increasing global demand for organ replacement and tissue regeneration. In 3D bioprinting, which is a step ahead of 3D biomaterial printing, the ink employed is impregnated with cells, without compromising ink printability. This allows for immediate scaffold cellularization and generation of complex structures. The use of cell-laden inks or bio-inks provides the opportunity for enhanced cell differentiation for organ fabrication and regeneration. Recognizing the importance of such bio-inks, the current study comprehensively explores the state of the art of the utilization of bio-inks based on natural polymers (biopolymers), such as cellulose, agarose, alginate, decellularized matrix, in 3D bioprinting. Discussions regarding progress in bioprinting, techniques and approaches employed in the bioprinting of natural polymers, and limitations and prospects concerning future trends in human-scale tissue and organ fabrication are also presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Fatimi
- Department of Chemistry, Polydisciplinary Faculty, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, P.O. Box 592 Mghila, Beni-Mellal 23000, Morocco
- ERSIC, Polydisciplinary Faculty, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, P.O. Box 592 Mghila, Beni-Mellal 23000, Morocco
| | - Oseweuba Valentine Okoro
- 3BIO-BioMatter, École Polytechnique de Bruxelles, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, 50-CP 165/61, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (O.V.O.); (J.S.-S.)
| | - Daria Podstawczyk
- Department of Process Engineering and Technology of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Norwida 4/6, 50-373 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Julia Siminska-Stanny
- 3BIO-BioMatter, École Polytechnique de Bruxelles, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, 50-CP 165/61, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (O.V.O.); (J.S.-S.)
- Department of Process Engineering and Technology of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Norwida 4/6, 50-373 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Amin Shavandi
- 3BIO-BioMatter, École Polytechnique de Bruxelles, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, 50-CP 165/61, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (O.V.O.); (J.S.-S.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Stanzione A, Polini A, La Pesa V, Quattrini A, Romano A, Gigli G, Moroni L, Gervaso F. Thermosensitive chitosan-based hydrogels supporting motor neuron-like NSC-34 cell differentiation. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:7492-7503. [PMID: 34642708 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm01129d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Motor neuron diseases are neurodegenerative diseases that predominantly affect the neuromuscular system. To date, there are no valid therapeutic treatments for such diseases, and the classical experimental models fail in faithfully reproducing the pathological mechanisms behind them. In this regard, the use of three-dimensional (3D) culture systems, which more closely reproduce the native in vivo environment, can be a promising approach. Hydrogel-based systems are among the most used materials to reproduce the extracellular matrix, featuring an intrinsic similarity with its physiological characteristics. In this study, we developed a thermosensitive chitosan-based hydrogel combined with β-glycerophosphate (βGP) and sodium hydrogen carbonate (SHC), which give the system optimal mechanical properties and injectability, inducing the hydrogel sol-gel transition at 37 °C. An ad hoc protocol for the preparation of the hydrogel was established in order to obtain a highly homogeneous system, leading to reproducible physicochemical characteristics and easy cell encapsulation. All formulations supported the viability of a neuroblastoma/spinal cord hybrid cell line (NSC-34) beyond two weeks of culture and enabled cell differentiation towards a motor neuron-like morphology, characterized by the presence of extended neurites. Based on our results, these hydrogels represent excellent candidates for establishing 3D in vitro models of motor neuron diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Stanzione
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica E. De Giorgi, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, LE, Italy.,CNR-Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | | | - Velia La Pesa
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Neuropathology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology and Division of Neuroscience, 20132 Milan, Italy.
| | - Angelo Quattrini
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Neuropathology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology and Division of Neuroscience, 20132 Milan, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Romano
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Neuropathology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology and Division of Neuroscience, 20132 Milan, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Gigli
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica E. De Giorgi, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, LE, Italy.,CNR-Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Lorenzo Moroni
- CNR-Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, 73100 Lecce, Italy. .,Complex Tissue Regeneration department, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Michailidou G, Terzopoulou Z, Kehagia A, Michopoulou A, Bikiaris DN. Preliminary Evaluation of 3D Printed Chitosan/Pectin Constructs for Biomedical Applications. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19010036. [PMID: 33467462 PMCID: PMC7829944 DOI: 10.3390/md19010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, chitosan (CS) and pectin (PEC) were utilized for the preparation of 3D printable inks through pneumatic extrusion for biomedical applications. CS is a polysaccharide with beneficial properties; however, its printing behavior is not satisfying, rendering the addition of a thickening agent necessary, i.e., PEC. The influence of PEC in the prepared inks was assessed through rheological measurements, altering the viscosity of the inks to be suitable for 3D printing. 3D printing conditions were optimized and the effect of different drying procedures, along with the presence or absence of a gelating agent on the CS-PEC printed scaffolds were assessed. The mean pore size along with the average filament diameter were measured through SEM micrographs. Interactions among the characteristic groups of the two polymers were evident through FTIR spectra. Swelling and hydrolysis measurements confirmed the influence of gelation and drying procedure on the subsequent behavior of the scaffolds. Ascribed to the beneficial pore size and swelling behavior, fibroblasts were able to survive upon exposure to the ungelated scaffolds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Michailidou
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 555 35 Thessaloniki, Greece; (G.M.); (A.K.)
| | - Zoe Terzopoulou
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 555 35 Thessaloniki, Greece; (G.M.); (A.K.)
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, P.O. Box 1186, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- Correspondence: (Z.T.); (D.N.B.)
| | - Argyroula Kehagia
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 555 35 Thessaloniki, Greece; (G.M.); (A.K.)
| | - Anna Michopoulou
- Biohellenika Biotechnology Company, Leoforos Georgikis Scholis 65, 555 35 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Dimitrios N. Bikiaris
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 555 35 Thessaloniki, Greece; (G.M.); (A.K.)
- Correspondence: (Z.T.); (D.N.B.)
| |
Collapse
|