1
|
Yin J, Wu K, Yu Y, Zhong Y, Song Z, Chang C, Liu G. Terahertz Photons Inhibit Cancer Cells Long Term by Suppressing Nano Telomerase Activity. ACS NANO 2024; 18:4796-4810. [PMID: 38261783 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c09216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Telomeres are nanoscale DNA-protein complexes to protect and stabilize chromosomes. The reexpression of telomerase in cancer cells is a key determinant crucial for the infinite proliferation and long-term survival of most cancer cells. However, the use of telomerase inhibitors for cancer treatment may cause problems such as poor specificity, drug resistance, and cytotoxicity. Here, we discovered a nondrug and noninvasive terahertz modulation strategy capable of the long-term suppression of cancer cells by inhibiting telomerase activity. First, we found that an optimized frequency of 33 THz photon irradiation effectively inhibited the telomerase activity by molecular dynamics simulation and frequency filtering experiments. Moreover, in vitro experiments showed that telomerase activity in 4T1 and MCF-7 cells significantly decreased by 77% and 80% respectively, after 21 days of regular 33 THz irradiation. Furthermore, two kinds of cells were found to undergo aging, apoptosis, and DNA double-strand breaks caused by telomere crisis, which seriously affected the survival of cancer cells. In addition, the tumorigenicity of 4T1 cells irradiated with 33 THz waves for 21 days in in vivo mice decreased by 70%. In summary, this study demonstrates the potential application of THz modulation in nano therapy for cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junkai Yin
- Innovation Laboratory of Terahertz Biophysics, National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Kaijie Wu
- Innovation Laboratory of Terahertz Biophysics, National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Yun Yu
- Innovation Laboratory of Terahertz Biophysics, National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology, Beijing 100071, China
- School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yuan Zhong
- Innovation Laboratory of Terahertz Biophysics, National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology, Beijing 100071, China
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zihua Song
- Innovation Laboratory of Terahertz Biophysics, National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Chao Chang
- Innovation Laboratory of Terahertz Biophysics, National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology, Beijing 100071, China
- School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Guozhi Liu
- Innovation Laboratory of Terahertz Biophysics, National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology, Beijing 100071, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kołodziej T, Mielnicka A, Dziob D, Chojnacka AK, Rawski M, Mazurkiewicz J, Rajfur Z. Morphomigrational description as a new approach connecting cell's migration with its morphology. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11006. [PMID: 37419901 PMCID: PMC10328925 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35827-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The examination of morphology and migration of cells plays substantial role in understanding the cellular behaviour, being described by plethora of quantitative parameters and models. These descriptions, however, treat cell migration and morphology as independent properties of temporal cell state, while not taking into account their strong interdependence in adherent cells. Here we present the new and simple mathematical parameter called signed morphomigrational angle (sMM angle) that links cell geometry with translocation of cell centroid, considering them as one morphomigrational behaviour. The sMM angle combined with pre-existing quantitative parameters enabled us to build a new tool called morphomigrational description, used to assign the numerical values to several cellular behaviours. Thus, the cellular activities that until now were characterized using verbal description or by complex mathematical models, are described here by a set of numbers. Our tool can be further used in automatic analysis of cell populations as well as in studies focused on cellular response to environmental directional signals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Kołodziej
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, ul. Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland.
- Department of Molecular and Interfacial Biophysics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, ul. Lojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Mielnicka
- Department of Molecular and Interfacial Biophysics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, ul. Lojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Kraków, Poland
- BRAINCITY, Laboratory of Neurobiology, The Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, PAS, ul. Ludwika Pasteura 3, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Daniel Dziob
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, ul. Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Katarzyna Chojnacka
- Department of Molecular and Interfacial Biophysics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, ul. Lojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Kraków, Poland
- Cellular Signalling and Cytoskeletal Function Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, NW1 1AT, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mateusz Rawski
- Laboratory of Inland Fisheries and Aquaculture, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Poznań University of Life Sciences, ul. Wojska Polskiego 71C, 60-625, Poznań, Poland
| | - Jan Mazurkiewicz
- Laboratory of Inland Fisheries and Aquaculture, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Poznań University of Life Sciences, ul. Wojska Polskiego 71C, 60-625, Poznań, Poland
| | - Zenon Rajfur
- Department of Molecular and Interfacial Biophysics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, ul. Lojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Kraków, Poland.
- Jagiellonian Center of Biomedical Imaging, Jagiellonian University, 30-348, Kraków, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang F, Zhang R, Wei M, Li G. A machine learning based approach for quantitative evaluation of cell migration in Transwell assays based on deformation characteristics. Analyst 2023; 148:1371-1382. [PMID: 36857714 DOI: 10.1039/d2an01882a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Many pathological and physiological processes, including embryonic development, immune response and cancer metastasis, involve studies on cell migration, and especially detection methods, for which it is difficult to satisfy the requirements for rapid and quantitative evaluation and analysis. In view of the shortcomings in simultaneously quantifying the number of migrated cells and non-migrated cells using Transwell assays, we propose a novelty approach for the evaluation of cell migration by distinguishing whether the cells have migrated based on the regularity of the cell morphology changes. Traditionally, the status of living cells and dead cells are detected and analyzed by machine learning using some common morphological characteristics, e.g., area and perimeter of the cells. However, the accuracy of detecting whether cells have migrated or not using these common characteristics is not high, and the characteristics are not appropriate for our studies. Therefore, from the point of view of mechanism analysis for the migration behavior, we examined the regularity of different morphology changes of migrated cells and non-migrated cells, and thus discovered the distinguishable morphological characteristics. Then, two deformation characteristics, deformation index and taper index are proposed. Then, a machine learning based algorithm that can identify migrated cells according to the proposed deformation characteristics was devised. In addition, images of migrated cells and non-migrated cells were obtained from the Transwell assays. This algorithm was trained, and was able to successfully identify migrated cells with an accuracy of 84% using the proposed morphological characteristics. This method greatly improves the identification accuracy when compared with the identification of traditional characteristics of which the accuracy was about 54.7%. This machine learning based method might be employed as a potential tool for cell counting and evaluation of cell migration with the aim of reducing time and improving automation compared with the traditional method. This method is effective, rapid, and incorporate advances in artificial intelligence which could be used for adapting the current evaluation methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhang
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China.
| | - Rongbiao Zhang
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China.
| | - Mingji Wei
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China.
| | - Guoxiao Li
- School of Information Engineering, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong, Jiangsu 212400, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Na JT, Chun-Dong Xue, Wang YX, Li YJ, Wang Y, Liu B, Qin KR. Fabricating a multi-component microfluidic system for exercise-induced endothelial cell mechanobiology guided by hemodynamic similarity. Talanta 2023; 253:123933. [PMID: 36113333 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Generating precise in vivo arterial endothelial hemodynamic microenvironments using microfluidics is essential for exploring endothelial mechanobiology. However, a hemodynamic principle guiding the fabrication of microfluidic systems is still lacking. We propose a hemodynamic similarity principle for quickly obtaining the input impedance of the microfluidic system in vitro derived from that of the arterial system in vivo to precisely generate the desired endothelial hemodynamic microenvironments. First, based on the equivalent of blood pressure (BP) and wall shear stress (WSS) waveforms, we establish a hemodynamic similarity principle to efficiently map the input impedance in vivo to that in vitro, after which the multi-component microfluidic system is designed and fabricated using a lumped parameter hemodynamic model. Second, numerical simulation and experimental studies are carried out to validate the performance of the designed microfluidic system. Finally, the intracellular Ca2+ responses after exposure to different intensities of exercise-induced BP and WSS waveforms are measured to improve the reliability of EC mechanobiological studies using the designed microfluidic system. Overall, the proposed hemodynamic similarity principle can guide the fabrication of a multi-component microfluidic system for endothelial cell mechanobiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Tong Na
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Chun-Dong Xue
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering and Instrumentation Science, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yan-Xia Wang
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Yong-Jiang Li
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering and Instrumentation Science, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yu Wang
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering and Instrumentation Science, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Bo Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Kai-Rong Qin
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; School of Optoelectronic Engineering and Instrumentation Science, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Nwogbaga I, Camley BA. Coupling cell shape and velocity leads to oscillation and circling in keratocyte galvanotaxis. Biophys J 2023; 122:130-142. [PMID: 36397670 PMCID: PMC9822803 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
During wound healing, fish keratocyte cells undergo galvanotaxis where they follow a wound-induced electric field. In addition to their stereotypical persistent motion, keratocytes can develop circular motion without a field or oscillate while crawling in the field direction. We developed a coarse-grained phenomenological model that captures these keratocyte behaviors. We fit this model to experimental data on keratocyte response to an electric field being turned on. A critical element of our model is a tendency for cells to turn toward their long axis, arising from a coupling between cell shape and velocity, which gives rise to oscillatory and circular motion. Galvanotaxis is influenced not only by the field-dependent responses, but also cell speed and cell shape relaxation rate. When the cell reacts to an electric field being turned on, our model predicts that stiff, slow cells react slowly but follow the signal reliably. Cells that polarize and align to the field at a faster rate react more quickly and follow the signal more reliably. When cells are exposed to a field that switches direction rapidly, cells follow the average of field directions, while if the field is switched more slowly, cells follow a "staircase" pattern. Our study indicated that a simple phenomenological model coupling cell speed and shape is sufficient to reproduce a broad variety of different keratocyte behaviors, ranging from circling to oscillation to galvanotactic response, by only varying a few parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ifunanya Nwogbaga
- Department of Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Brian A Camley
- Department of Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; William H. Miller III Department of Physics & Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fan C, Shi X, Zhao K, Wang L, Shi K, Liu YJ, Li H, Ji B, Jiu Y. Cell migration orchestrates migrasome formation by shaping retraction fibers. J Cell Biol 2022; 221:213015. [PMID: 35179563 PMCID: PMC9195050 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202109168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Migrasomes are recently discovered vesicle-like structures on retraction fibers of migrating cells that have been linked with transfer of cellular contents, shedding of unwanted materials, and information integration. However, whether and how the cell migration paradigm regulates migrasome formation is not clear. Here, we report that there are significantly fewer migrasomes in turning cells compared with straight persistently migrating cells. The major insight underlying this observation is that as the cells elongate, their rear ends become narrower, subsequently resulting in fewer retraction fibers during impersistent migration. In addition to migration persistence, we reveal that migration speed positively corelates with migrasome formation, owing to the derived length of retraction fibers. Substantiating our hypothesis, genetically removing vimentin compromises cell migration speed and persistence and leads to fewer migrasomes. Together, our data explicate the critical roles of two cell migration patterns, persistence and speed, in the control of migrasome formation by regulating retraction fibers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changyuan Fan
- Unit of Cell Biology and Imaging Study of Pathogen Host Interaction, The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuemeng Shi
- The Joint Program in Infection and Immunity, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,The Joint Program in Infection and Immunity, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaikai Zhao
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, China.,Biomechanics and Mechanomedicine Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Linbo Wang
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kun Shi
- The Joint Program in Infection and Immunity, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,The Joint Program in Infection and Immunity, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Jun Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Systems Biology for Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Li
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Baohua Ji
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, China.,Biomechanics and Mechanomedicine Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yaming Jiu
- Unit of Cell Biology and Imaging Study of Pathogen Host Interaction, The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,The Joint Program in Infection and Immunity, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,The Joint Program in Infection and Immunity, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Effects of substrate stiffness on mast cell migration. Eur J Cell Biol 2021; 100:151178. [PMID: 34555639 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2021.151178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) play important roles in multiple pathologies, including fibrosis; however, their behaviors in different extracellular matrix (ECM) environments have not been fully elucidated. Accordingly, in this study, the migration of MCs on substrates with different stiffnesses was investigated using time-lapse video microscopy. Our results showed that MCs could appear in round, spindle, and star-like shapes; spindle-shaped cells accounted for 80-90 % of the total observed cells. The migration speed of round cells was significantly lower than that of cells with other shapes. Interestingly, spindle-shaped MCs migrated in a jiggling and wiggling motion between protrusions. The persistence index of MC migration was slightly higher on stiffer substrates. Moreover, we found that there was an intermediate optimal stiffness at which the migration efficiency was the highest. These findings may help to improve our understanding of MC-induced pathologies and the roles of MC migration in the immune system.
Collapse
|
8
|
Lei X, Liu B, Wu H, Wu X, Wang XL, Song Y, Zhang SS, Li JQ, Bi L, Pei GX. The effect of fluid shear stress on fibroblasts and stem cells on plane and groove topographies. Cell Adh Migr 2021; 14:12-23. [PMID: 31942821 PMCID: PMC6973306 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2020.1713532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to study the effect of fluid shear stress on fibroblasts and BMSCs on plane and groove topographies. The results showed that 0.6-Hz stress had the greatest influence on the alignment, polarity, migration and adhesion of fibroblasts on plane by increasing the expression of reoriented actin and vinculin; whereas 1.0-Hz stress promoted differentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts by increasing Col-I and α-SMA expression. Interestingly, under the given frequency stress, the groove structure strengthened the above characteristics of fibroblasts beyond adhesion, and promoted differentiation of BMSCs into myofibroblasts. The above results indicate that 0.6 Hz may improve the implant-tissue sealing, while 1.0-Hz stress probably causes the disordered fiber deposition around implants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Lei
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiao Wu
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiu-Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Song
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuai-Shuai Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jun-Qin Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Long Bi
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Guo-Xian Pei
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bornemann L, Schuster M, Schmitz S, Sobczak C, Bessen C, Merz SF, Jöckel KH, Haverkamp T, Gunzer M, Göthert JR. Defective migration and dysmorphology of neutrophil granulocytes in atypical chronic myeloid leukemia treated with ruxolitinib. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:650. [PMID: 32660441 PMCID: PMC7359613 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07130-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The identification of pathologically altered neutrophil granulocyte migration patterns bears strong potential for surveillance and prognostic scoring of diseases. We recently identified a strong correlation between impaired neutrophil motility and the disease stage of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Here, we apply this assay to study quantitively increased neutrophils of a patient suffering from a rare leukemia subtype, atypical chronic myeloid leukemia (aCML). METHODS A 69-year-old male was analyzed in this study. Besides routine analyses, we purified the patient's neutrophils from peripheral whole blood and studied their migration behavior using time-lapse video microscopy in a standardized assay. These live cell migration analyses also allowed for the quantification of cell morphology. Furthermore, the cells were stained for the markers CD15, CD16, fMLPR, CXCR1 and CXCR2. RESULTS Despite cytoreductive therapy with hydroxyurea, the patient's WBC and ANC were poorly controlled and severe dysgranulopoiesis with hypogranularity was observed. Neutrophils displayed strongly impaired migration when compared to healthy controls and migrating cells exhibited a more flattened-out morphology than control neutrophils. Because of a detected CSF3R (p.T618I) mutation and constitutional symptoms treatment with ruxolitinib was initiated. Within 1 week of ruxolitinib treatment, the cell shape normalized and remained indistinguishable from healthy control neutrophils. However, neutrophil migration did not improve over the course of ruxolitinib therapy but was strikingly altered shortly before a sinusitis with fever and bleeding from a gastric ulcer. Molecular work-up revealed that under ruxolitinib treatment, the CSF3R clone was depleted, yet the expansion of a NRAS mutated subclone was promoted. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate the usefulness of neutrophil migration analyses to uncover corresponding alterations of neutrophil migration in rare myeloid neoplasms. Furthermore, in addition to monitoring migration the determination of morphological features of live neutrophils might represent a useful tool to monitor the effectiveness of therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lea Bornemann
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Marc Schuster
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147, Essen, Germany.,Present address: Miltenyi Biotec B.V. & Co. KG, Friedrich-Ebert-Straße 68, 51429, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Saskia Schmitz
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Charlyn Sobczak
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Clara Bessen
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Simon F Merz
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147, Essen, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz Jöckel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas Haverkamp
- MVZ Dr. Eberhard & Partner, Brauhausstraße 4, 44137, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Matthias Gunzer
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147, Essen, Germany.,Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS -e.V, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Joachim R Göthert
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital, West German Cancer Center (WTZ), University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147, Essen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mancinelli G, Galic M. Exploring the interdependence between self-organization and functional morphology in cellular systems. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:133/13/jcs242479. [PMID: 32620564 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.242479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
All living matter is subject to continuous adaptation and functional optimization via natural selection. Consequentially, structures with close morphological resemblance repeatedly appear across the phylogenetic tree. How these designs emerge at the cellular level is not fully understood. Here, we explore core concepts of functional morphology and discuss its cause and consequences, with a specific focus on emerging properties of self-organizing systems as the potential driving force. We conclude with open questions and limitations that are present when studying shape-function interdependence in single cells and cellular ensembles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Mancinelli
- 'Cells in Motion' Interfaculty Centre, University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany.,Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Medical Faculty, University of Muenster, 49149 Muenster, Germany.,CIM-IMRPS Graduate Program, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Milos Galic
- 'Cells in Motion' Interfaculty Centre, University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany .,Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Medical Faculty, University of Muenster, 49149 Muenster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Papadopoulou A, Kanioura A, Petrou PS, Argitis P, Kakabakos SE, Kletsas D. Reacquisition of a spindle cell shape does not lead to the restoration of a youthful state in senescent human skin fibroblasts. Biogerontology 2020; 21:695-708. [PMID: 32533368 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-020-09886-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Senescent fibroblasts are characterized by their inability to proliferate and by a pro-inflammatory and catabolic secretory phenotype, which contributes to age-related pathologies. Furthermore, senescent fibroblasts when cultured under classical conditions in vitro are also characterized by striking morphological changes, i.e. they lose the youthful spindle-like appearance and become enlarged and flattened, while their nuclei from elliptical become oversized and highly lobulated. Knowing the strong relation between cell shape and function, we cultured human senescent fibroblasts on photolithographed Si/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) micro-patterned surfaces in order to restore the classical spindle-like geometry and subsequently to investigate whether the changes in senescent cells' morphology are the cause of their functional alterations. Interestingly, under these conditions senescent cells' nuclei do not revert to the classical elliptical phenotype. Furthermore, enforced spindle-shaped senescent cells retained their deteriorated proliferative ability, and maintained the increased gene expression of the cell cycle inhibitors p16Ink4a and p21Waf1. In addition, Si/PVA-patterned-grown senescent fibroblasts preserved their senescence-associated phenotype, as evidenced by the overexpression of inflammatory and catabolic genes such as IL6, IL8, ICAM1 and MMP1 and MMP9 respectively, which was further manifested by an intense downregulation of fibroblasts' most abundant extracellular matrix component Col1A, compared to their young counterparts. These data indicate that the restoration of the spindle-like shape in senescent human fibroblasts is not able to directly alter major functional traits and restore the youthful phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adamantia Papadopoulou
- Laboratory of Cell Proliferation & Ageing, Institute of Biosciences & Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", P. Grigoriou Str, Ag. Paraskevi, 15341, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasia Kanioura
- Immunoassays/Immunosensors Laboratory, Institute of Nuclear and Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", P. Grigoriou Str, Ag. Paraskevi, 15341, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiota S Petrou
- Immunoassays/Immunosensors Laboratory, Institute of Nuclear and Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", P. Grigoriou Str, Ag. Paraskevi, 15341, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Argitis
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", P. Grigoriou Str, Ag. Paraskevi, 15341, Athens, Greece
| | - Sotirios E Kakabakos
- Immunoassays/Immunosensors Laboratory, Institute of Nuclear and Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", P. Grigoriou Str, Ag. Paraskevi, 15341, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Kletsas
- Laboratory of Cell Proliferation & Ageing, Institute of Biosciences & Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", P. Grigoriou Str, Ag. Paraskevi, 15341, Athens, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Pora A, Yoon S, Dreissen G, Hoffmann B, Merkel R, Windoffer R, Leube RE. Regulation of keratin network dynamics by the mechanical properties of the environment in migrating cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4574. [PMID: 32165652 PMCID: PMC7067805 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61242-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Keratin intermediate filaments provide mechanical resilience for epithelia. They are nevertheless highly dynamic and turn over continuously, even in sessile keratinocytes. The aim of this study was to characterize and understand how the dynamic behavior of the keratin cytoskeleton is integrated in migrating cells. By imaging human primary keratinocytes producing fluorescent reporters and by using standardized image analysis we detect inward-directed keratin flow with highest rates in the cell periphery. The keratin flow correlates with speed and trajectory of migration. Changes in fibronectin-coating density and substrate stiffness induces concordant changes in migration speed and keratin flow. When keratinocytes are pseudo-confined on stripes, migration speed and keratin flow are reduced affecting the latter disproportionately. The regulation of keratin flow is linked to the regulation of actin flow. Local speed and direction of keratin and actin flow are very similar in migrating keratinocytes with keratin flow lagging behind actin flow. Conversely, reduced actin flow in areas of high keratin density indicates an inhibitory function of keratins on actin dynamics. Together, we propose that keratins enhance persistence of migration by directing actin dynamics and that the interplay of keratin and actin dynamics is modulated by matrix adhesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Pora
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sungjun Yoon
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Georg Dreissen
- Institute of Biological Information Processing 2, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Bernd Hoffmann
- Institute of Biological Information Processing 2, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Rudolf Merkel
- Institute of Biological Information Processing 2, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Reinhard Windoffer
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rudolf E Leube
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Iwasa M. A mechanical toy model linking cell-substrate adhesion to multiple cellular migratory responses. J Biol Phys 2019; 45:401-421. [PMID: 31834551 DOI: 10.1007/s10867-019-09536-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
During cell migration, forces applied to a cell from its environment influence the motion. When the cell is placed on a substrate, such a force is provided by the cell-substrate adhesion. Modulation of adhesivity, often performed by the modulation of the substrate stiffness, tends to cause common responses for cell spreading, cell speed, persistence, and random motility coefficient. Although the reasons for the response of cell spreading and cell speed have been suggested, other responses are not well understood. In this study, we develop a simple toy model for cell migration driven by the relation of two forces: the adhesive force and the plasma membrane tension. The simplicity of the model allows us to perform the calculation not only numerically but also analytically, and the analysis provides formulas directly relating the adhesivity to cell spreading, persistence, and the random motility coefficient. Accordingly, the results offer a unified picture on the causal relations between those multiple cellular responses. In addition, cellular properties that would influence the migratory behavior are suggested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masatomo Iwasa
- Center for General Education, Aichi Institute of Technology, Toyota, 470-0392, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lei X, Wu H, Song Y, Liu B, Zhang SS, Li JQ, Bi L, Pei GX. Effects of cyclic fluid stress at different frequencies on behaviors of cells incubated on titanium alloy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 522:100-106. [PMID: 31740003 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.11.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The orthopedic external fixation is always in dynamic mechanical environment with the somatic movement. We used a self-designed mini oscillator to simulate this condition by providing the reciprocating cyclic fluid stress, and observed the behavioral responses of fibroblasts implanted on titanium alloy plane to the stress at different frequencies, including 0.2 Hz, 0.6 Hz, and 1.0 Hz. We found that the cell angle, shape index and expression of vinculin were mostly biphasic-dependent with the increase of frequency, with peaks at 0.6 Hz. Whereas the cell area, expression of Col-I and α-SMA were mainly affected by the 1.0 Hz stress. Interestingly, 1.0 Hz stress also promoted Col-I expression of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), although it did not increase α-SMA. These results reveal that 0.6 Hz stress improves the alignment, polarity and adherence of fibroblasts on titanium alloy substrates, thus improving the sealing of implants; the 1.0 Hz force activates the differentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts and increases collagen produced by stem cells, which probably cause the formation of fibrous capsules around implants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Lei
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, 276000, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yue Song
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Shuai-Shuai Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Jun-Qin Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Long Bi
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Guo-Xian Pei
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Li X, He S, Xu J, Li P, Ji B. Cooperative Contraction Behaviors of a One-Dimensional Cell Chain. Biophys J 2019; 115:554-564. [PMID: 30089244 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2018.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Collective behaviors of multiple cells play important roles in various physiological and pathological processes, but the mechanisms of coordination among cells are highly unknown. Here, we build a one-dimensional cell-chain model to quantitatively study cell cooperativity. Combining experimental and theoretical approaches, we showed that the matrix stiffness, intercellular adhesion strength, and cell-chain length have a significant effect on the cooperative contraction of the cell chains. Cells have strong cooperativity, i.e., exhibiting a united contraction mode, in shorter cell chains or on softer matrix or with higher intercellular adhesion strength. In contrast, cells would exhibit a divided contraction when the cell chain was long or on stiffer matrix or with weaker adhesion strength. In addition, our quantitative results indicated that the cooperativity of cells is regulated by the coupling between matrix stiffness and intercellular adhesion, which can be quantified by an explicit parameter group. These results may provide guidelines for regulating the cooperativity of cells in their collective behaviors in tissue morphogenesis and tissue engineering in biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Li
- Biomechanics and Biomaterials Laboratory, School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Shijie He
- Biomechanics and Biomaterials Laboratory, School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jiayi Xu
- Biomechanics and Biomaterials Laboratory, School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Peiliu Li
- Biomechanics and Biomaterials Laboratory, School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Baohua Ji
- Biomechanics and Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
Cell migration is a fundamental process in biological systems, playing an important role for diverse physiological processes. Cells often exhibit directed migration in a specific direction in response to various types of cues. In particular, cells are able to sense the rigidity of surrounding environments and then migrate toward stiffer regions. To understand this mechanosensitive behavior called durotaxis, several computational models have been developed. However, most of the models employed cell decision making to recapitulate durotactic behaviors, significantly limiting insights provided from these studies. In this study, we developed a computational biomechanical model without any cell decision making to illuminate intrinsic mechanisms of durotactic behaviors of cells migrating on a two-dimensional substrate. The model consists of a simplified cell generating contractile forces and a deformable substrate coarse-grained into an irregular triangulated mesh. Using the model, we demonstrated that durotactic behaviors emerge from purely mechanical interactions between the cell and the underlying substrate. We investigated how durotactic migration is regulated by biophysical properties of the substrate, including elasticity, viscosity, and stiffness profile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdel-Rahman Hassan
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 206 S. Martin Jischke Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Thomas Biel
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 206 S. Martin Jischke Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Taeyoon Kim
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 206 S. Martin Jischke Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Witko T, Solarz D, Feliksiak K, Rajfur Z, Guzik M. Cellular architecture and migration behavior of fibroblast cells on polyhydroxyoctanoate (PHO): A natural polymer of bacterial origin. Biopolymers 2019; 110:e23324. [PMID: 31348536 DOI: 10.1002/bip.23324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradable and biocompatible novel materials of natural origin are gaining more and more attention in recent years. These so called biopolymers, characterized by their biointegrity and biocompatibility, find completely new and promising applications in biomedical sciences. The presented work focuses on the medium chain length elastomeric polyhydroxyalkanoate biopolymer-polyhydroxyoctanoate (PHO). This biopolymer is fully biodegradable without formation of harmful byproducts.We investigated PHO's physical properties with nanoindentation technique and scratch testing to determine Young's modulus and friction coefficient. Further, the work focused on the impact of PHO, used as growth substrate, on the physiology and morphology of mouse embryonic fibroblast cells (MEF 3T3). Application of fluorescent staining protocols and advanced microscopic techniques allowed to study the morphological changes in the cytoskeletons of cells grown on PHO and also gave an insight into their migration strategies on the polymer surface. We found that PHO exhibits no cellular cytotoxicity, similarly to a glass substrate. MEF cells spread better on glass surface than on each tested PHO substrate though there was almost no difference between PHO substrates cast from different solvents. However, a detailed analysis of actin and microtubule cytoskeletal architecture reveals changes in the density of actin and microtubular networks. Migration of MEF cells on PHO substrates was slower than on the glass substrate. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms of observed changes in cytoskeletal architecture and migration parameters can be of special interest for future medical application of PHO polymer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Witko
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Daria Solarz
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Karolina Feliksiak
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Zenon Rajfur
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Maciej Guzik
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wang B, Shi J, Wei J, Tu X, Chen Y. Fabrication of elastomer pillar arrays with elasticity gradient for cell migration, elongation and patterning. Biofabrication 2019; 11:045003. [PMID: 31091518 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ab21b3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The elasticity of the cell and that of the supporting extracellular matrices (ECMs) in tissue are correlated. In some cases, the modulus of the ECM varies with a high spatial gradient. To study the effect of such a modulus gradient on the cell culture behavior, we proposed a novel yet straightforward method to fabricate elastomeric micropillar substrates with different height gradients, which could provide a large range of elasticity gradient from 2.4 kPa to 60 kPa. The micropillars were integrated into a microfluidic chip to demonstrate the elasticity variation, with the theoretical results proving that the elasticity of the two micropillar substrates was in the same range but with distinguished gradient strengths. Fibroblast seeded on the micropillar substrates showed migration toward the stiffer area but their elongation highly depended on the strength of the elasticity gradient. In the case of high gradient strength, cells could easily migrate to the stiffer area and then elongated perpendicularly to their migration direction. Otherwise, cells were mostly elongated in the direction of the gradient. Our results also showed that when the cell density was sufficiently high, cells tended to be oriented in the same direction locally, which was affected by both underneath pillars and cell-cell contact. The elasticity gradients could also be generated in a ripple shape, and the cell behavior showed the feasibility of using the micropillars for cell patterning applications. Moreover, the gradient pillar substrates were further used for the aggregate formation of induced pluripotent stem cells, thus providing an alternative substrate to study the effect of substrate elasticity on stem cell behavior and differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- PASTEUR, Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Spatarelu CP, Zhang H, Trung Nguyen D, Han X, Liu R, Guo Q, Notbohm J, Fan J, Liu L, Chen Z. Biomechanics of Collective Cell Migration in Cancer Progression: Experimental and Computational Methods. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:3766-3787. [PMID: 32953985 PMCID: PMC7500334 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b01428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cell migration is essential for regulating many biological processes in physiological or pathological conditions, including embryonic development and cancer invasion. In vitro and in silico studies suggest that collective cell migration is associated with some biomechanical particularities such as restructuring of extracellular matrix (ECM), stress and force distribution profiles, and reorganization of the cytoskeleton. Therefore, the phenomenon could be understood by an in-depth study of cells' behavior determinants, including but not limited to mechanical cues from the environment and from fellow "travelers". This review article aims to cover the recent development of experimental and computational methods for studying the biomechanics of collective cell migration during cancer progression and invasion. We also summarized the tested hypotheses regarding the mechanism underlying collective cell migration enabled by these methods. Together, the paper enables a broad overview on the methods and tools currently available to unravel the biophysical mechanisms pertinent to cell collective migration as well as providing perspectives on future development toward eventually deciphering the key mechanisms behind the most lethal feature of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hao Zhang
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Dung Trung Nguyen
- Department of Engineering and Computer Science, Seattle Pacific University, Seattle, Washington 98119,
United States
| | - Xinyue Han
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Ruchuan Liu
- College of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400032, China
| | - Qiaohang Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Fujian University of Technology, Fuzhou 350014,
China
| | - Jacob Notbohm
- Department of Engineering Physics, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706,
United States
| | - Jing Fan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City College of City University of New York, New York 10031, United
States
| | - Liyu Liu
- College of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400032, China
| | - Zi Chen
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
de Groot SC, Sliedregt K, van Benthem PPG, Rivolta MN, Huisman MA. Building an Artificial Stem Cell Niche: Prerequisites for Future 3D-Formation of Inner Ear Structures-Toward 3D Inner Ear Biotechnology. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2019; 303:408-426. [PMID: 30635991 PMCID: PMC7065153 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been an increased interest in stem cells for the purpose of regenerative medicine to deliver a wide range of therapies to treat many diseases. However, two‐dimensional cultures of stem cells are of limited use when studying the mechanism of pathogenesis of diseases and the feasibility of a treatment. Therefore, research is focusing on the strengths of stem cells in the three‐dimensional (3D) structures mimicking organs, that is, organoids, or organ‐on‐chip, for modeling human biology and disease. As 3D technology advances, it is necessary to know which signals stem cells need to multiply and differentiate into complex structures. This holds especially true for the complex 3D structure of the inner ear. Recent work suggests that although other factors play a role, the extracellular matrix (ECM), including its topography, is crucial to mimic a stem cell niche in vitro and to drive stem cells toward the formation of the tissue of interest. Technological developments have led to the investigation of biomaterials that closely resemble the native ECM. In the fast forward moving research of organoids and organs‐on‐chip, the inner ear has hardly received attention. This review aims to provide an overview, by describing the general context in which cells, matrix and morphogens cooperate in order to build a tissue, to facilitate research in 3D inner ear technology. Anat Rec, 303:408–426, 2020. © 2019 The Authors. The Anatomical Record published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Association of Anatomists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Karen Sliedregt
- Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Paul G van Benthem
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Marcelo N Rivolta
- Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Margriet A Huisman
- Hair Science Institute, Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Collective cell polarization and alignment on curved surfaces. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2018; 88:330-339. [PMID: 30196189 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2018.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Curvature as an important topological parameter of 3D extra-cellular matrix has drawn growing attention in recent years. But the underlying mechanism that curvature influences cell behaviors has remained unknown. In this study, we seeded cells on semi-cylindrical and hemispheric surfaces and tested cell alignment and polarization. We found that the surface curvature has profound effect on cell behaviors. With the decrease of diameter of the cylinder/sphere (i.e. increase of curvature), the cells would more preferentially align and polarize with large aspect ratio in the axial/peripheral direction. And the behaviors of the alignment and polarization were position-dependent. For example, at the end of the cylinder, the cells preferred to align circumferentially; while in the interior region, the cells preferred to align in the axial direction. We showed that the cell polarization and alignment were closely correlated with the in-plane stresses in cell layer. That is, the cell polarization and alignment were controlled by the maximum shear stress, which drove cells to align and polarize along the maximum principal stress. The curvature could influence the magnitude of the maximum shear stress and thus regulate cell behaviors. This study provided important insights into the mechanisms of surface curvature influencing cell behaviors in tissue morphogenesis. In addition, our theory of the stress dependent cellular polarity provides a generalized interpretation of the curvature and edge effects which might be extended to understand other steric effects in cell behaviors.
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
Human stem cells hold significant potential for the treatment of various diseases. However, their use as a therapy is hampered because of limited understanding of the mechanisms by which they respond to environmental stimuli. Efforts to understand extracellular biophysical cues have demonstrated the critical roles of geometrical and mechanical signals in determining the fate of stem cells. The goal of this study was to explore the interplay between cell polarity and matrix stiffness in stem cell lineage specification. We hypothesize that confining cells to asymmetric extracellular matrix islands will impart polarity at a single-cell level and will interact with mechanical signals to define the lineage of stem cells. To test these hypotheses, we employed microcontact printing to create patterned symmetric and asymmetric hydrogel islands of soft and hard surface stiffness. Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were confined to these islands at the single-cell level and given the ability to differentiate along adipogenic or osteogenic routes. Our results demonstrated that cell polarity defines the lineage specification of hMSCs only on islands with low stiffness. Insight gained from this study provides a rational basis for designing stem cell cultures to enhance tissue engineering and regenerative medicine strategies.
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
It is important to learn features of locally applied forces by cells during matrix rigidity sensing, since the function of mechanosensing proteins would be affected by force magnitude, loading velocity, or even loading history. Here, we investigate a rigidity-sensing apparatus consisting of a contractile unit on matrices. Strikingly, our analysis indicates that the matrix rigidity is not only sensed with a fixed step size in displacement but also with a fixed apparent loading velocity. The fixed step size is shown to be correlated with the monomer size of actin filament. This work suggests that the loading profile during rigidity sensing is regulated by various aspects of the contractile unit, which then serves as the standard in sensing varied rigidity of the matrix.
Collapse
|
24
|
Yan Z, Hui TH, Fong HW, Shao X, Cho WC, Ngan KC, Yip TC, Lin Y. An electroporation platform for Erlotinib resistance screening in living non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2018. [DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/aa99e9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
25
|
Seong YJ, Kang IG, Song EH, Kim HE, Jeong SH. Calcium Phosphate-Collagen Scaffold with Aligned Pore Channels for Enhanced Osteochondral Regeneration. Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6. [PMID: 29076295 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This study reports the development of a bilayered scaffold with aligned channels produced via a sequential coextrusion and unidirectional freezing process to facilitate upward bone-marrow stem-cell migration. The biomimetic scaffold with collagen and biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) layers is successfully fabricated with matching of the cartilage and bone layers. The aligned structure results in an enhancement of the compressive strength, and the channels enable tight anchoring of the collagen layers on the BCP scaffolds compared with a randomly structured porous scaffold. An in vitro evaluation demonstrates that the aligned channels guide the cells to attach on the surface in highly stretched shapes and migrate upward faster than the random structure. In addition, in vivo assessment reveals that the aligned channels yield superior osteochondral tissue regeneration compared with the random structure. Moreover, the channel diameter greatly affects the tissue regeneration, and the scaffold with a channel diameter of ≈270 µm exhibits the optimal regeneration because of sufficient nutrient supply and adequate tissue ingrowth. These findings indicate that the introduction of aligned channels to a bilayered scaffold provides an effective approach for osteochondral tissue regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Jeong Seong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - In-Gu Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Eun-Ho Song
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Hyoun-Ee Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
- Biomedical Implant Convergence Research Center, Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Suwon, 16229, South Korea
| | - Seol-Ha Jeong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
He S, Ji B. Mechanics of Cell Mechanosensing in Protrusion and Retraction of Lamellipodium. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2017; 3:2943-2953. [PMID: 33418714 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Lamellipodia (LP), a subcellular structure at cell front, plays a key role in cell spreading and migration. And its mechanosensing function is of crucial importance for cell activities. But the mechanism of the mechanosensing function remains poorly understood. Here we developed a multiscale model to consider its protrusion and retraction processes, and analyzed the forces acted on the key structural components of the LP and the effect of these forces on LP movement. Our results show that raising substrate rigidity increases the force acting on the focal adhesion (FA) and decreases the force on LP actin, thus promoting the maturation of FA while suppressing the detachment of LP actin from the cell membrane. The membrane tension also influences the LP movement, but its effect is opposite to that of the substrate rigidity. It turns out that the substrate rigidity and membrane tension together regulate the dynamics of FAs and the detachment of LP actin, which in turn determine the LP movement. Interestingly, we found that the effect of substrate rigidity and membrane tension on the LP movement both exhibit a biphasic manner. We show that our predictions agree, in general, with the experiments on cell mechanosensing behaviors at both subcellular and cellular levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shijie He
- Biomechanics and Biomaterials Laboratory, School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Baohua Ji
- Biomechanics and Biomaterials Laboratory, School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Kim TY, Jang IH, Han DY, Lee WG. Quantitative image analysis of the shape and size of circular wound sites generated by vertically stamped scratches. Micron 2017. [PMID: 28628808 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A protocol for quantitative image analysis of wound generation is important to better understand the integrative process of wound healing and the closure mechanism. Here, we present a method for quantitative analysis of microscopic images of circular wound sites generated by vertically stamped scratches. To demonstrate proof-of-concept validation, we used two types of mechanical stamping tools, a mechanical pencil lead (type 1; brittle) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) pillars (type 2; ductile), to create circular wound sites. We also present a method for analysis of microscopic images of the generated wound sites by suggesting new parameters, such as controlled area transfer ratio, modified shape factor, and roundness index, specifically to investigate the shape and size of wounds via house-coded image processing. We believe that this approach can be potentially useful by providing a better way of studying vertical wound generation for future skin wound generation and care applications compared with its counterpart, conventional horizontal wound generation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tae Young Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - In Hyuk Jang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Yeol Han
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Gu Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Cóndor M, García-Aznar JM. A phenomenological cohesive model for the macroscopic simulation of cell-matrix adhesions. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2017; 16:1207-1224. [PMID: 28213831 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-017-0883-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cell adhesion is crucial for cells to not only physically interact with each other but also sense their microenvironment and respond accordingly. In fact, adherent cells can generate physical forces that are transmitted to the surrounding matrix, regulating the formation of cell-matrix adhesions. The main purpose of this work is to develop a computational model to simulate the dynamics of cell-matrix adhesions through a cohesive formulation within the framework of the finite element method and based on the principles of continuum damage mechanics. This model enables the simulation of the mechanical adhesion between cell and extracellular matrix (ECM) as regulated by local multidirectional forces and thus predicts the onset and growth of the adhesion. In addition, this numerical approach allows the simulation of the cell as a whole, as it models the complete mechanical interaction between cell and ECM. As a result, we can investigate and quantify how different mechanical conditions in the cell (e.g., contractile forces, actin cytoskeletal properties) or in the ECM (e.g., stiffness, external forces) can regulate the dynamics of cell-matrix adhesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Cóndor
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - J M García-Aznar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Asymmetry in traction forces produced by migrating preadipocytes is bounded to 33%. Med Eng Phys 2016; 38:834-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2016.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
30
|
López-Marure R, Zapata-Gómez E, Rocha-Zavaleta L, Aguilar MC, Espinosa Castilla M, Meléndez Zajgla J, Meraz-Cruz N, Huesca-Gómez C, Gamboa-Ávila R, Gómez-González EO. Dehydroepiandrosterone inhibits events related with the metastatic process in breast tumor cell lines. Cancer Biol Ther 2016; 17:915-24. [PMID: 27260851 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2016.1195047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), an adrenal hormone, has a protective role against cancer. We previously shown that DHEA inhibits the proliferation and migration of cell lines derived from breast cancer; however, the role of DHEA in others events related with these effects are unknown. We hypothesized that DHEA inhibits the expression of proteins and some events related with cell migration and metastasis. We determined the migration in Boyden chambers, the invasion in matrigel, anchorage-independent growth and the formation of spheroids in 3 cell lines (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, ZR-75-30) derived from breast cancer exposed to DHEA. The secretion of metalloproteinases (MMPs), tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), and several pro-inflammatory molecules in the secretome of these cells was also evaluated. DHEA inhibited the migration in transwells and the invasion in matrigel of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. Besides, DHEA inhibited the anchorage-independent growth on agar and decreased the size of spheroids, and also reduced the secretion of IL-1α, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α in all cell lines. Metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) secretion was slightly decreased by DHEA treatment in MDA-MB-231 cells. Our results also showed that inhibition of migration and invasion induced by DHEA in breast cancer cells is correlated with the decrease of cytokine/chemokine secretion and the diminution of tumor cells growth. MCF-7 cells were the most responsive to the exposure to DHEA, whereas ZR-75-30 cells responded less to this hormone, suggesting that DHEA could be used in the treatment of breast cancer in early stages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca López-Marure
- a Departamento de Fisiología , Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez," Ciudad de México , México
| | - Estrella Zapata-Gómez
- a Departamento de Fisiología , Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez," Ciudad de México , México
| | - Leticia Rocha-Zavaleta
- b Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología , Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas , UNAM , Ciudad de México , México
| | - María Cecilia Aguilar
- b Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología , Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas , UNAM , Ciudad de México , México
| | - Magali Espinosa Castilla
- c Laboratorio de Genómica Funcional del Cáncer , Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica , Ciudad de México , México
| | - Jorge Meléndez Zajgla
- c Laboratorio de Genómica Funcional del Cáncer , Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica , Ciudad de México , México
| | - Noemí Meraz-Cruz
- d Unidad de Vinculación Científica , Facultad de Medicina , UNAM , Ciudad de Mexico , México
| | - Claudia Huesca-Gómez
- a Departamento de Fisiología , Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez," Ciudad de México , México
| | - Ricardo Gamboa-Ávila
- a Departamento de Fisiología , Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez," Ciudad de México , México
| | - Erika Olivia Gómez-González
- e Academia de Biología , Colegio de Ciencias y Humanidades, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México , Ciudad de México , México
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
He S, Liu C, Li X, Ma S, Huo B, Ji B. Dissecting Collective Cell Behavior in Polarization and Alignment on Micropatterned Substrates. Biophys J 2016; 109:489-500. [PMID: 26244731 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2015.06.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 06/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Pattern-dependent collective behaviors of cells have recently raised intensive attention. However, the underlying mechanisms that regulate these behaviors are largely elusive. Here, we report a quantitative study, combining experiment and modeling, on cell polarization and arrangement on a micropatterned substrate. We show that cells exhibit position-dependent collective behaviors that can be regulated by geometry and stiffness of the patterned substrate. We find that the driving force for these collective behaviors is the in-plane maximum shear stress in the cell layer that directs the arrangement of cells. The larger the shear stress, the more the cells preferentially align and polarize along the direction of the maximum principal stress. We also find that the aspect ratio of cell polarization shape and the degree to which cells preferentially align along the direction of maximum principal stress exhibit a biphasic dependence on substrate rigidity, corresponding to our quantitative predictions that the magnitude of the maximum shear stress is biphasically dependent on the stiffness of the substrate. As such, the driving force of these cell collective behaviors can be quantified using the maximum shear stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shijie He
- Biomechanics and Biomaterials Laboratory, School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Chenglin Liu
- Biomechanics and Biomaterials Laboratory, School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojun Li
- Biomechanics and Biomaterials Laboratory, School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Shaopeng Ma
- Biomechanics and Biomaterials Laboratory, School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Huo
- Biomechanics and Biomaterials Laboratory, School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China.
| | - Baohua Ji
- Biomechanics and Biomaterials Laboratory, School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Wang X, Guo Y, Wei H, Wang K, Zhang A, Zhou H. Regulatory roles of grass carp EpCAM in cell morphology, proliferation and migration. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2016; 42:423-430. [PMID: 26497717 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-015-0148-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) is a Ca(2+)-independent and relatively weak adhesion molecule, which has been extensively investigated in mammalian models. However, the functional roles of its fish homolog are largely unknown. In the present study, we explored the biological properties of grass carp EpCAM (gcEpCAM) in a fish kidney cell line (CIK) via overexpression of gcEpCAM or gcEpCAM intracellular domain (gcEpICD) deletion mutant. Results showed that gcEpCAM overexpression significantly changed the cell morphology, and the proliferation of the cells transfected with gcEpCAM was significantly decreased when compared to the control cells, which is unexpectedly opposite to the increasing effects induced by its mammalian homolog. Moreover, overexpression of gcEpICD deletion mutant had no effect on cell proliferation, indicating gcEpICD's involvement in the cell growth control that is concerted with its role in mammalian model. Additionally, gcEpCAM overexpression increased cell migration which is at least partially consistent with the findings in mammalian cells in which EpCAM expression both positively and negatively affects cell migration. It is worth noting that gcEpICD was not essential to the stimulatory effect of gcEpCAM on cell migration, but overexpression of human EpICD in tumor cells increases cell migration, suggesting the functional discrepancy of EpICD in fish and mammals. In conclusion, we elucidated the cellular functionality of EpCAM in fish cells which will be of benefit to defining the functions of fish EpCAM and also provide rewarding information on the functional evolution of EpCAM in vertebrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yafei Guo
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, People's Republic of China
| | - He Wei
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, People's Republic of China
| | - Anying Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Zhou
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
Cells actively sense the mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix, such as its rigidity, morphology, and deformation. The cell-matrix interaction influences a range of cellular processes, including cell adhesion, migration, and differentiation, among others. This article aims to review some of the recent progress that has been made in modeling mechanosensing in cell-matrix interactions at different length scales. The issues discussed include specific interactions between proteins, the structure and mechanosensitivity of focal adhesions, the cluster effects of the specific binding, the structure and behavior of stress fibers, cells' sensing of substrate stiffness, and cell reorientation on cyclically stretched substrates. The review concludes by looking toward future opportunities in the field and at the challenges to understanding active cell-matrix interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Chen
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China;
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Feng Z, Wagatsuma Y, Kikuchi M, Kosawada T, Nakamura T, Sato D, Shirasawa N, Kitajima T, Umezu M. The mechanisms of fibroblast-mediated compaction of collagen gels and the mechanical niche around individual fibroblasts. Biomaterials 2014; 35:8078-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.05.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|