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Su Y, Liu Y, Hu X, Lu Y, Zhang J, Jin W, Liu W, Shu Y, Cheng YY, Li W, Nie Y, Pan B, Song K. Caffeic acid-grafted chitosan/sodium alginate/nanoclay-based multifunctional 3D-printed hybrid scaffolds for local drug release therapy after breast cancer surgery. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 324:121441. [PMID: 37985071 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in women all over the world. Mastectomy is the most effective treatment, but there are serious problems such as high tumor recurrence rate and side effects of chemotherapy. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a therapeutic strategy that can effectively promote postoperative wound healing and inhibit local tumor recurrence. In this study, a 3D printing scaffold based on carbon dots-curcumin nano-drug release (CCNPs) was developed as a local drug delivery platform (named CCNACA using CCNPs, Sodium alginate, Nanoclay and Caffeic Acid grafted Chitosan as raw materials), which has the ability to visualize drug release. The 14-day drug release test in vitro showed that the tumor inhibition rate of CCNACA scaffolds on breast cancer cells (MCF-7) was 73.77 ± 1.68 %. And the CCNACA scaffolds had good long-term antibacterial (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus) activity. Animal experiments have shown that implanting CCNACA scaffolds into surgical defects can inhibit postoperative residual cancer cells, reduce inflammation, promote angiogenesis, and repair tissue defects caused by surgery. In summary, the local drug delivery system of this manuscript has great potential in wound healing and prevention of tumor recurrence after breast cancer surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Su
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian R&D Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yaqian Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 467 Zhongshan Road, Shahekou District, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Xueyan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian R&D Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yueqi Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian R&D Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; Zhengzhou Institute of Emerging Industrial Technology, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Jinyuan Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 467 Zhongshan Road, Shahekou District, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Wenbo Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian R&D Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Wang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian R&D Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yan Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian R&D Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yuen Yee Cheng
- Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Wenfang Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China.
| | - Yi Nie
- Zhengzhou Institute of Emerging Industrial Technology, Zhengzhou 450000, China.
| | - Bo Pan
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 467 Zhongshan Road, Shahekou District, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China.
| | - Kedong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian R&D Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; Zhengzhou Institute of Emerging Industrial Technology, Zhengzhou 450000, China.
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2
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Manikandan C, Jaiswal AK. Scaffold-based spheroid models of glioblastoma multiforme and its use in drug screening. Biotechnol Bioeng 2023. [PMID: 37366303 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Among several types of brain cancers, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a terminal and aggressive disease with a median survival of 15 months despite the most intensive surgery and chemotherapy. Preclinical models that accurately reproduce the tumor microenvironment are vital for developing new therapeutic alternatives. Understanding the complicated interactions between cells and their surroundings is essential to comprehend the tumor's microenvironment, however the monolayer cell culture approach falls short. Numerous approaches are used to develop GBM cells into tumor spheroids, while scaffold-based spheroids provides the opportunity to investigate the synergies between cells as well as cells and the matrix. This review summarizes the development of various scaffold-based GBM spheroid models and the prospective for their use as drug testing systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceera Manikandan
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
- Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Amit Kumar Jaiswal
- Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
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Wang L, Yang J, Hu X, Wang S, Wang Y, Sun T, Wang D, Wang W, Ma H, Wang Y, Song K, Li W. A decellularized lung extracellular matrix/chondroitin sulfate/gelatin/chitosan-based 3D culture system shapes breast cancer lung metastasis. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 152:213500. [PMID: 37336011 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Distal metastasis of breast cancer is a primary cause of death, and the lung is a common metastatic target of breast cancer. However, the role of the lung niche in promoting breast cancer progression is not well understood. Engineered three-dimensional (3D) in vitro models capable of bridging this knowledge gap can be specifically designed to mimic crucial characteristics of the lung niche in a more physiologically relevant context than conventional two-dimensional systems. In this study, two 3D culture systems were developed to mimic the late stage of breast cancer progression at a lung metastatic site. These 3D models were created based on a novel decellularized lung extracellular matrix/chondroitin sulfate/gelatin/chitosan composite material and on a porcine decellularized lung matrix (PDLM), with the former tailored with comparable properties (stiffness, pore size, biochemical composition, and microstructure) to that of the in vivo lung matrix. The different microstructure and stiffness of the two types of scaffolds yielded diverse presentations of MCF-7 cells in terms of cell distribution, cell morphology, and migration. Cells showed better extensions with apparent pseudopods and more homogeneous and reduced migration activity on the composite scaffold compared to those on the PDLM scaffold. Furthermore, alveolar-like structures with superior porous connectivity in the composite scaffold remarkably promoted aggressive cell proliferation and viability. In conclusion, a novel lung matrix-mimetic 3D in vitro breast cancer lung metastasis model was developed to clarify the underlying correlativity between lung ECM and breast cancer cells after lung colonization. A better understanding of the effects of biochemical and biophysical environments of the lung matrix on cell behaviors can help elucidate the potential mechanisms of breast cancer progression and further improve target discovery of therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Jianye Yang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Xueyan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian R&D Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Shuping Wang
- Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Yanxia Wang
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Tongyi Sun
- School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Physical Education, School of Foundation Medical, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Wenchi Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Hailin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian R&D Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yingshuai Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China.
| | - Kedong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian R&D Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Wenfang Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China.
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4
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Zhang L, Liao W, Chen S, Chen Y, Cheng P, Lu X, Ma Y. Towards a New 3Rs Era in the construction of 3D cell culture models simulating tumor microenvironment. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1146477. [PMID: 37077835 PMCID: PMC10106600 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1146477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional cell culture technology (3DCC) sits between two-dimensional cell culture (2DCC) and animal models and is widely used in oncology research. Compared to 2DCC, 3DCC allows cells to grow in a three-dimensional space, better simulating the in vivo growth environment of tumors, including hypoxia, nutrient concentration gradients, micro angiogenesis mimicism, and the interaction between tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment matrix. 3DCC has unparalleled advantages when compared to animal models, being more controllable, operable, and convenient. This review summarizes the comparison between 2DCC and 3DCC, as well as recent advances in different methods to obtain 3D models and their respective advantages and disadvantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Zhang
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiqi Liao
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shimin Chen
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yukun Chen
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pengrui Cheng
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology (Organ Transplantation), The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinjun Lu
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Ma
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology (Organ Transplantation), The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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5
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Oudda S, Ali AM, Chien AL, Park S. Leveraging Tissue Engineering for Skin Cancer Models. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1410:97-113. [PMID: 36484897 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2022_755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bioengineered in vitro three-dimensional (3D) skin model has emerged as a promising tool for recapitulating different types of skin cancer and performing pre-clinical tests. However, a full-thickness 3D model including the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis layers is scarce despite its significance in human physiology and diverse biological processes. In this book chapter, an attempt has been made to summarize various skin cancer models, including utilized skin layers, materials, cell lines, specific treatments, and fabrication techniques for three types of skin cancer: melanoma, basal cell carcinoma (BCC), and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Subsequently, current limitations and future directions of skin cancer models are discussed. The knowledge of the current status of skin cancer models can provide various potential applications in cancer research and thus a more effective way for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumayah Oudda
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Abdulla M Ali
- The Thomas C. Jenkins Department of Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anna L Chien
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Seungman Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA.
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6
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Tutty MA, Prina-Mello A. Three-Dimensional Spheroids for Cancer Research. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2645:65-103. [PMID: 37202612 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3056-3_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In vitro cell culture is one of the most widely used tools used today for increasing our understanding of various things such as protein production, mechanisms of drug action, tissue engineering, and overall cellular biology. For the past decades, however, cancer researchers have relied heavily on conventional two-dimensional (2D) monolayer culture techniques to test a variety of aspects of cancer research ranging from the cytotoxic effects of antitumor drugs to the toxicity of diagnostic dyes and contact tracers. However, many promising cancer therapies have either weak or no efficacy in real-life conditions, therefore delaying or stopping altogether their translating to the clinic. This is, in part, due to the reductionist 2D cultures used to test these materials, which lack appropriate cell-cell contacts, have altered signaling, do not represent the natural tumor microenvironment, and have different drug responses, due to their reduced malignant phenotype when compared to real in vivo tumors. With the most recent advances, cancer research has moved into 3D biological investigation. Three-dimensional (3D) cultures of cancer cells not only recapitulate the in vivo environment better than their 2D counterparts, but they have, in recent years, emerged as a relatively low-cost and scientifically accurate methodology for studying cancer. In this chapter, we highlight the importance of 3D culture, specifically 3D spheroid culture, reviewing some key methodologies for forming 3D spheroids, discussing the experimental tools that can be used in conjunction with 3D spheroids and finally their applications in cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Anne Tutty
- Laboratory for Biological Characterization of Advanced Materials (LBCAM), Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Adriele Prina-Mello
- Laboratory for Biological Characterization of Advanced Materials (LBCAM), Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Nanomedicine and Molecular Imaging Group, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, (TTMI), School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, CRANN Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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7
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Lv L, You Y, Liu Y, Yang Z. Advanced Research in Cellular Pharmacokinetics and its Cutting-edge Technologies. Curr Pharm Des 2022; 28:3095-3104. [PMID: 36082865 DOI: 10.2174/1381612828666220907102606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacokinetics (PK), as a significant part of pharmacology, runs through the overall process of the preclinical and clinical research on drugs and plays a significant role in determining the material basis of efficacy and mechanism research. However, due to the limitations of classical PK, cellular PK was put forward and developed rapidly. Many novel and original technologies have been innovatively applied to cellular PK research, thereby providing powerful technical support. As a novel field of PK research, cellular PK expands the research object and enriches the theoretical framework of PK. It provides a new perspective for elucidating the mechanism of drug action and the dynamic process of drug in the body. Furthermore, it provides a scientific basis and guiding significance for the development of new drugs and clinical rational drug use. Cellular PK can explain the dynamic process of certain drugs (e.g., antineoplastic drugs and antibiotics) and the disposition kinetics characteristics in some specific tissues (e.g., brain and tumor) in a clearer and more accurate manner. It is a beneficial supplement and the perfection of traditional PK. In the future, traditional and cellular PKs will complement each other well and improve into an all-around research system in drug developments. Briefly, this paper reviews the conceptual development of cellular PK and key associated technologies, explores its main functions and applications, and looks forward to the important pioneering significance and promising value for the development of PK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingjuan Lv
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuyang You
- School of Automation, Beijing Institute of Technology, China
| | - Yeju Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhihong Yang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
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8
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Shi H, Rath EM, Lin RCY, Sarun KH, Clarke CJ, McCaughan BC, Ke H, Linton A, Lee K, Klebe S, Maitz J, Song K, Wang Y, Kao S, Cheng YY. 3-Dimensional mesothelioma spheroids provide closer to natural pathophysiological tumor microenvironment for drug response studies. Front Oncol 2022; 12:973576. [PMID: 36091141 PMCID: PMC9462830 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.973576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional studies using cancer cell lines are often performed on a two-dimensional (2D) cell culture model with a low success rate of translating to Phase I or Phase II clinical studies. In comparison, with the advent of developments three-dimensional (3D) cell culture has been championed as the latest cellular model system that better mimics in vivo conditions and pathological conditions such as cancer. In comparison to biospecimens taken from in vivo tissue, the details of gene expression of 3D culture models are largely undefined, especially in mesothelioma – an aggressive cancer with very limited effective treatment options. In this study, we examined the veracity of the 3D mesothelioma cell culture model to study cell-to-cell interaction, gene expression and drug response from 3D cell culture, and compared them to 2D cell and tumor samples. We confirmed via SEM analysis that 3D cells grown using the spheroid methods expressed highly interconnected cell-to-cell junctions. The 3D spheroids were revealed to be an improved mini-tumor model as indicated by the TEM visualization of cell junctions and microvilli, features not seen in the 2D models. Growing 3D cell models using decellularized lung scaffold provided a platform for cell growth and infiltration for all cell types including primary cell lines. The most time-effective method was growing cells in spheroids using low-adhesive U-bottom plates. However, not every cell type grew into a 3D model using the the other methods of hanging drop or poly-HEMA. Cells grown in 3D showed more resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs, exhibiting reduced apoptosis. 3D cells stained with H&E showed cell-to-cell interactions and internal architecture that better represent that of in vivo patient tumors when compared to 2D cells. IHC staining revealed increased protein expression in 3D spheroids compared to 2D culture. Lastly, cells grown in 3D showed very different microRNA expression when compared to that of 2D counterparts. In conclusion, 3D cell models, regardless of which method is used. Showed a more realistic tumor microenvironment for architecture, gene expression and drug response, when compared to 2D cell models, and thus are superior preclinical cancer models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaikai Shi
- Asbestos Diseases Research Institute, Concord, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Huaikai Shi,
| | - Emma M. Rath
- Giannoulatou Laboratory, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ruby C. Y. Lin
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kadir Harun Sarun
- Asbestos Diseases Research Institute, Concord, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Candice Julie Clarke
- Sydney Cardiothoracic Surgeons, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital (RPA) Medical Centre, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Brian C. McCaughan
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Cardiothoracic Surgeons, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital (RPA) Medical Centre, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Helen Ke
- Asbestos Diseases Research Institute, Concord, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anthony Linton
- Asbestos Diseases Research Institute, Concord, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kenneth Lee
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sonja Klebe
- Asbestos Diseases Research Institute, Concord, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Pathology, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - Joanneke Maitz
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- The ANAZC Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kedong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian R&D Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Yiwei Wang
- The ANAZC Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Centre of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) External Medication Development and Application, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Steven Kao
- Asbestos Diseases Research Institute, Concord, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yuen Yee Cheng
- Institute for Biomedical Materials & Devices, Faculty of Science, The University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Yang S, Zheng L, Chen Z, Jiao Z, Liu T, Nie Y, Kang Y, Pan B, Song K. Decellularized Pig Kidney with a Micro-Nano Secondary Structure Contributes to Tumor Progression in 3D Tumor Model. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15051935. [PMID: 35269166 PMCID: PMC8911967 DOI: 10.3390/ma15051935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In spite of many anti-cancer drugs utilized in clinical treatment, cancer is still one of the diseases with the highest morbidity and mortality worldwide, owing to the complexity and heterogeneity of the tumor microenvironment. Compared with conventional 2D tumor models, 3D scaffolds could provide structures and a microenvironment which stimulate native tumor tissues more accurately. The extracellular matrix (ECM) is the main component of the cell in the microenvironment that is mainly composed of three-dimensional nanofibers, which can form nanoscale fiber networks, while the decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) has been widely applied to engineered scaffolds. In this study, pig kidney was used as the source material to prepare dECM scaffolds. A chemical crosslinking method was used to improve the mechanical properties and other physical characteristics of the decellularized pig kidney-derived scaffold. Furthermore, a human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) was used to further investigate the biocompatibility of the scaffold to fabricate a tumor model. The results showed that the existence of nanostructures in the scaffold plays an important role in cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. Therefore, the pig kidney-derived matrix scaffold prepared by decellularization could provide more cell attachment sites, which is conducive to cell adhesion and proliferation, physiological activities, and tumor model construction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangjia Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian R&D Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; (S.Y.); (L.Z.); (Z.C.); (T.L.)
| | - Le Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian R&D Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; (S.Y.); (L.Z.); (Z.C.); (T.L.)
| | - Zilong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian R&D Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; (S.Y.); (L.Z.); (Z.C.); (T.L.)
| | - Zeren Jiao
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, College Station, Texas A&M University, Texas, TX 77843-3122, USA;
| | - Tianqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian R&D Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; (S.Y.); (L.Z.); (Z.C.); (T.L.)
| | - Yi Nie
- Zhengzhou Institute of Emerging Industrial Technology, Zhengzhou 450000, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Correspondence: (Y.N.); (Y.K.); (B.P.); (K.S.)
| | - Yue Kang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, 44 Xiaoheyan Road, Dadong District, Shenyang 110042, China
- Correspondence: (Y.N.); (Y.K.); (B.P.); (K.S.)
| | - Bo Pan
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 467 Zhongshan Road, Shahekou District, Dalian 116023, China
- Correspondence: (Y.N.); (Y.K.); (B.P.); (K.S.)
| | - Kedong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian R&D Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; (S.Y.); (L.Z.); (Z.C.); (T.L.)
- Correspondence: (Y.N.); (Y.K.); (B.P.); (K.S.)
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10
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Wang X, Cao Y, Jing L, Chen S, Leng B, Yang X, Wu Z, Bian J, Banjerdpongchai R, Poofery J, Huang D. Three-Dimensional RAW264.7 Cell Model on Electrohydrodynamic Printed Poly(ε-Caprolactone) Scaffolds for In Vitro Study of Anti-Inflammatory Compounds. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:7967-7978. [PMID: 35006778 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation plays an essential role in the human immune system, and anti-inflammatory compounds are important to promote health. However, the in vitro screening of these compounds is largely dependent on flat biology. Herein, we report our efforts in establishing a 3D inflammation murine macrophage model. Murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells were cultured on poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) scaffolds fabricated through an electrohydrodynamic jetting 3D printer and their behavior were examined. Cells on PCL scaffolds showed a 3D shape and morphology with multilayers and a lower proliferation rate. Moreover, macrophages were not activated by scaffold material PCL and 3D microenvironment. The 3D cells showed greater sensitivity to lipopolysaccharide stimulation with higher production activity of nitric oxide (NO), nitric oxide synthases (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Additionally, the 3D macrophage model showed lower drug sensitivity to commercial anti-inflammatory drugs including aspirin, ibuprofen, and dexamethasone, and natural flavones apigenin and luteolin with higher IC50 for NO production and lower iNOS and COX-2 inhibition efficacy. Overall, the 3D macrophage model showed promise for higher accurate screening of anti-inflammatory compounds. We developed, for the first time, a 3D macrophage model based on a 3D-printed PCL scaffold that provides an extracellular matrix environment for cells to grow in the 3D dimension. 3D-grown RAW 264.7 cells showed different sensitivities and responses to anti-inflammatory compounds from its 2D model. The 3D cells have lower sensitivity to both commercial and natural anti-inflammatory compounds. Consequently, our 3D macrophage model could be applied to screen anti-inflammatory compounds more accurately and thus holds great potential in next-generation drug screening applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Wang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - Yujia Cao
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - Linzhi Jing
- National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, 377 Linquan Street, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - Bin Leng
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117542, Singapore.,National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, 377 Linquan Street, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - Zhiyuan Wu
- Department of, Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
| | - Jinsong Bian
- Department of, Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore.,National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, 377 Linquan Street, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Ratana Banjerdpongchai
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Juthathip Poofery
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Dejian Huang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117542, Singapore.,National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, 377 Linquan Street, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
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11
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Unnikrishnan K, Thomas LV, Ram Kumar RM. Advancement of Scaffold-Based 3D Cellular Models in Cancer Tissue Engineering: An Update. Front Oncol 2021; 11:733652. [PMID: 34760696 PMCID: PMC8573168 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.733652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The lack of traditional cancer treatments has resulted in an increased need for new clinical techniques. Standard two-dimensional (2D) models used to validate drug efficacy and screening have a low in vitro-in vivo translation potential. Recreating the in vivo tumor microenvironment at the three-dimensional (3D) level is essential to resolve these limitations in the 2D culture and improve therapy results. The physical and mechanical environments of 3D culture allow cancer cells to expand in a heterogeneous manner, adopt different phenotypes, gene and protein profiles, and develop metastatic potential and drug resistance similar to human tumors. The current application of 3D scaffold culture systems based on synthetic polymers or selected extracellular matrix components promotes signalling, survival, and cancer cell proliferation. This review will focus on the recent advancement of numerous 3D-based scaffold models for cancer tissue engineering, which will increase the predictive ability of preclinical studies and significantly improve clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavitha Unnikrishnan
- Department of Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Center for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Lynda Velutheril Thomas
- Division of Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Technology, Sree Chitra Thirunal Institute of Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Ram Mohan Ram Kumar
- Department of Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Center for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
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12
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Ferreira LP, Gaspar VM, Mendes L, Duarte IF, Mano JF. Organotypic 3D decellularized matrix tumor spheroids for high-throughput drug screening. Biomaterials 2021; 275:120983. [PMID: 34186236 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) is emerging as a valuable tool for generating 3D in vitro tumor models that better recapitulate tumor-stroma interactions. However, the development of dECM-3D heterotypic microtumors exhibiting a controlled morphology is yet to be materialized. Precisely controlling microtumors morphologic features is key to avoid an inaccurate evaluation of therapeutics performance during preclinical screening. To address this, herein we employed ultra-low adhesion surfaces for bioengineering organotypic 3D metastatic breast cancer-fibroblast models enriched with dECM microfibrillar fragments, as a bottom-up strategy to include major matrix components and their associated biomolecular cues during the early stages of 3D microtissue spheroids assembly, simulating pre-existing ECM presence in the in vivo setting. This biomimetic approach enabled the self-assembly of dECM-3D tumor-stroma spheroids with tunable size and reproducible morphology. Along time, dECM enriched and stroma-rich microtumors exhibited necrotic core formation, secretion of key biomarkers and higher cancer-cell specific resistance to different chemotherapeutics in comparison to standard spheroids. Exometabolomics profiling of dECM-Spheroid in vitro models further identified important breast cancer metabolic features including glucose/pyruvate consumption and lactate excretion, which suggest an intense glycolytic activity, recapitulating major hallmarks of the native microenvironment. Such organotypic dECM-enriched microtumors overcome the morphologic variability generally associated with cell-laden dECM models, while providing a scalable testing platform that can be foreseeable leveraged for high-throughput screening of candidate therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís P Ferreira
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Vítor M Gaspar
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Luís Mendes
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Iola F Duarte
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - João F Mano
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
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13
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Lee HJ, Mun S, Pham DM, Kim P. Extracellular Matrix-Based Hydrogels to Tailoring Tumor Organoids. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:4128-4135. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jin Lee
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Siwon Mun
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Duc M. Pham
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Pilnam Kim
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- Institute for Health Science and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
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14
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The Role of Biomimetic Hypoxia on Cancer Cell Behaviour in 3D Models: A Systematic Review. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13061334. [PMID: 33809554 PMCID: PMC7999912 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancer remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide. The advancements in 3D tumour models provide in vitro test-beds to study cancer growth, metastasis and response to therapy. We conducted this systematic review on existing experimental studies in order to identify and summarize key biomimetic tumour microenvironmental features which affect aspects of cancer biology. The review noted the significance of in vitro hypoxia and 3D tumour models on epithelial to mesenchymal transition, drug resistance, invasion and migration of cancer cells. We highlight the importance of various experimental parameters used in these studies and their subsequent effects on cancer cell behaviour. Abstract The development of biomimetic, human tissue models is recognized as being an important step for transitioning in vitro research findings to the native in vivo response. Oftentimes, 2D models lack the necessary complexity to truly recapitulate cellular responses. The introduction of physiological features into 3D models informs us of how each component feature alters specific cellular response. We conducted a systematic review of research papers where the focus was the introduction of key biomimetic features into in vitro models of cancer, including 3D culture and hypoxia. We analysed outcomes from these and compiled our findings into distinct groupings to ascertain which biomimetic parameters correlated with specific responses. We found a number of biomimetic features which primed cancer cells to respond in a manner which matched in vivo response.
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15
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Hopea odorata Extract Can Efficiently Kill Breast Cancer Cells and Cancer Stem-Like Cells in Three-Dimensional Culture More Than in Monolayer Cell Culture. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1292:145-155. [PMID: 32430853 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2020_524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The breast cancer cells with CD44+CD24- phenotype are known to play an important role in tumorigenesis, drug resistance, and cancer recurrence. Breast cancer cells with CD44+CD24- phenotype are cultured in three-dimensional (3D) stereotype showing the recapitulation of tumors in vivo such as cell differentiation, heterogeneity, and microenvironment. Using this 3D model in anti-cancer compound research results in a more accurate reflection than conventional monolayer cell culture. This study aimed to identify the antitumor activity of Hopea odorata methanol extract (HO-MeOH-E) on breast cancer cells and cancer stem-like cells in both models of three-dimensional culture (3D) and monolayer cell culture (2D). METHODS HO-MeOH-E was produced from Hopea odorata plant. The VN9 breast cancer cells (VN9) were collected and expanded from the previous study. The breast cancer stem-like cells (VN9CSC) were sorted from the VN9 based on phenotype CD44+CD24-. Both VN9 and VN9CSC were used to culture in monolayer culture (2D) and organoids (3D) before they were used to treat with HO-MeOH-E. Two other anticancer drugs, doxorubicin and tirapazamine, were used as references. The antitumor activities of extracts and drugs were determined via two assays: antiproliferation using the Alamar blue assay and cell cycle assay. RESULTS The results showed that HO-MeOH-E was sensitive to both VN9 and VN9CSC in 3D more than 2D culture (IC50 on 3D organoids 144.8 ± 2.172 μg/mL and on 2D 340.2 ± 17.01 μg/mL for VN9CSC (p < 0.001); IC50 on 3D organoids 2055 ± 82.2 μg/mL and on 2D 430.6 ± 8.612 μg/mL for VN9 (p < 0.0001), respectively). HO-MeOH-E inhibits VN9CSC proliferation by blocking S phase and increasing the populations of apoptotic cells; this is consensus to the effect of tirapazamine (TPZ) which is used in hypoxia-activated chemotherapy. CONCLUSION Taken these results, HO-MeOH-E has the potential effect in hypoxia-activated chemotherapy specifically on breast cancer stem-like cells with CD44+CD24- phenotype.
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16
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Bone interface modulates drug resistance in breast cancer bone metastasis. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 195:111224. [PMID: 32634713 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Metastatic breast cancer cells on arriving at bone site interact with the bone cells to influence their growth, proliferation, and chemoresistance. There are currently no effective therapeutics available in the clinic for bone metastases. Many existing anti-cancer therapeutics are ineffective at the metastatic bone site due to a lack of accurate models of breast cancer bone metastasis for drug screening. Here, we report the development of an effective in vitro model using osteogenically differentiated human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and human breast cancer cells on 3D nanoclay scaffolds as a testbed for screening drugs. Our results demonstrate that breast cancer cells grown in 3D bone-mimetic scaffolds exhibited altered physiological and biochemical properties, including tumoroids formation, elevated levels of cytokine such as IL-6, and its downstream effector-mediated inhibition of apoptosis and upregulation of multidrug transporters proteins, leading to drug resistance against paclitaxel. Most importantly, Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3), a potential biomarker for chemoresistance in many cancers, was activated in the 3D breast cancer bone metastasis model. Thus, our data suggest that 3D bone-mimetic nanoclay scaffolds-based in vitro tumor model is a promising testbed for screening new therapeutics for breast cancer bone metastasis where bone interface governs drug resistance in breast cancer cells.
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17
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Bahcecioglu G, Basara G, Ellis BW, Ren X, Zorlutuna P. Breast cancer models: Engineering the tumor microenvironment. Acta Biomater 2020; 106:1-21. [PMID: 32045679 PMCID: PMC7185577 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms behind cancer initiation and progression are not clear. Therefore, development of clinically relevant models to study cancer biology and drug response in tumors is essential. In vivo models are very valuable tools for studying cancer biology and for testing drugs; however, they often suffer from not accurately representing the clinical scenario because they lack either human cells or a functional immune system. On the other hand, two-dimensional (2D) in vitro models lack the three-dimensional (3D) network of cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) and thus do not represent the tumor microenvironment (TME). As an alternative approach, 3D models have started to gain more attention, as such models offer a platform with the ability to study cell-cell and cell-material interactions parametrically, and possibly include all the components present in the TME. Here, we first give an overview of the breast cancer TME, and then discuss the current state of the pre-clinical breast cancer models, with a focus on the engineered 3D tissue models. We also highlight two engineering approaches that we think are promising in constructing models representative of human tumors: 3D printing and microfluidics. In addition to giving basic information about the TME in the breast tissue, this review article presents the state-of-the-art tissue engineered breast cancer models. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Involvement of biomaterials and tissue engineering fields in cancer research enables realistic mimicry of the cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions in the tumor microenvironment (TME), and thus creation of better models that reflect the tumor response against drugs. Engineering the 3D in vitro models also requires a good understanding of the TME. Here, an overview of the breast cancer TME is given, and the current state of the pre-clinical breast cancer models, with a focus on the engineered 3D tissue models is discussed. This review article is useful not only for biomaterials scientists aiming to engineer 3D in vitro TME models, but also for cancer researchers willing to use these models for studying cancer biology and drug testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokhan Bahcecioglu
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States
| | - Gozde Basara
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States
| | - Bradley W Ellis
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States
| | - Xiang Ren
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States
| | - Pinar Zorlutuna
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States; Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States; Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States.
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18
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3D multicellular models to study the regulation and roles of acid-base transporters in breast cancer. Biochem Soc Trans 2019; 47:1689-1700. [PMID: 31803922 DOI: 10.1042/bst20190131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
As a result of elevated metabolic rates and net acid extrusion in the rapidly proliferating cancer cells, solid tumours are characterized by a highly acidic microenvironment, while cancer cell intracellular pH is normal or even alkaline. Two-dimensional (2D) cell monocultures, which have been used extensively in breast cancer research for decades, cannot precisely recapitulate the rich environment and complex processes occurring in tumours in vivo. The use of such models can consequently be misleading or non-predictive for clinical applications. Models mimicking the tumour microenvironment are particularly pivotal for studying tumour pH homeostasis, which is profoundly affected by the diffusion-limited conditions in the tumour. To advance the understanding of the mechanisms and consequences of dysregulated acid-base homeostasis in breast cancer, clinically relevant models that incorporate the unique microenvironment of these tumours are required. The development of three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures has provided new tools for basic research and pre-clinical approaches, allowing the culture of breast cancer cells under conditions that closely resemble tumour growth in a living organism. Here we provide an overview of the main 3D techniques relevant for breast cancer cell culture. We discuss the advantages and limitations of the classical 3D models as well as recent advances in 3D culture techniques, focusing on how these culture methods have been used to study acid-base transport in breast cancer. Finally, we outline future directions of 3D culture technology and their relevance for studies of acid-base transport.
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Li W, Hu X, Wang S, Xing Y, Wang H, Nie Y, Liu T, Song K. Multiple comparisons of three different sources of biomaterials in the application of tumor tissue engineering in vitro and in vivo. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 130:166-176. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.02.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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20
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Lombardo ME, Carfì Pavia F, Vitrano I, Ghersi G, Brucato V, Rosei F, La Carrubba V. PLLA scaffolds with controlled architecture as potential microenvironment for in vitro tumor model. Tissue Cell 2019; 58:33-41. [PMID: 31133244 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The "microenvironment" where a tumor develops plays a fundamental role in determining its progression, the onset of metastasis and, eventually, its resistance to therapies. Tumor cells can be considered more or less invasive depending both on the nature of the cells and on the site where they are located. Commonly adopted laboratory culture protocols for the investigation of tumor cells take usually place on standard two-dimensional supports. However, such cultures do not allow for reproduction of the biophysical properties of the tumor's microenvironment, thus causing the cells to lose most of their relevant characteristics. In this work MDA-MB 231 breast cancer cells were cultivated within Poly-l-Lactic Acid (PLLA) scaffolds produced via Thermally Induced Phase Separation (TIPS). Starting from a ternary solution (polymer-solvent-nonsolvent) we produced scaffolds with different morphologies, porosities and pore architectures. The influence of porosity and average pore size upon cell adhesion and growth were investigated by using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) as cell viability test, a fluorescence assay staining cell with DAPI and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Our study demonstrates that the average pore size of the polymeric scaffolds influences both the cell adhesion and resulting morphology of the growing breast cancer cells. In particular, the reported data corroborate the evidence that an average pore size ranging from 40 to 50 μm induces tumor cell aggregation and the formation of the irregular tumor masses typically observed in-vivo. In addition, TIPS proved to be a suitable manufacturing technique for finely tuning the scaffolds' architecture, relevant to developing the most effective microenvironment for an in-vitro tumor cells growth closely mimicking in-vivo conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elena Lombardo
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze building 8, 90128 Palermo, Italy; Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, QC J3X 1S2, Canada.
| | - Francesco Carfì Pavia
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze building 8, 90128 Palermo, Italy; ATeN center, CHAB, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze building 18, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Ilenia Vitrano
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze building 8, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giulio Ghersi
- STEBICEF, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze building 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Valerio Brucato
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze building 8, 90128 Palermo, Italy; ATeN center, CHAB, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze building 18, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Federico Rosei
- Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, QC J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - Vincenzo La Carrubba
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze building 8, 90128 Palermo, Italy; ATeN center, CHAB, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze building 18, 90128 Palermo, Italy
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