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Mazari-Arrighi E, Lépine M, Ayollo D, Faivre L, Larghero J, Chatelain F, Fuchs A. Self-Organization of Long-Lasting Human Endothelial Capillary-Like Networks Guided by DLP Bioprinting. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2302830. [PMID: 38366136 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Tissue engineering holds great promise for regenerative medicine, drug discovery, and as an alternative to animal models. However, as soon as the dimensions of engineered tissue exceed the diffusion limit of oxygen and nutriments, a necrotic core forms leading to irreversible damage. To overcome this constraint, the establishment of a functional perfusion network is essential. In this work, digital light processing bioprinting is used to encapsulate endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in 3D light-cured hydrogel scaffolds to guide them toward vascular network formation. In these scaffolds, EPCs proliferate and self-organize within a few days into branched tubular structures with predefined geometry, forming capillary-like vascular tubes or trees of diameters in the range of 10 to 100 µm. Presenting a confluent monolayer wall of cells strongly connect by tight junctions around a central lumen-like space, these structures can be microinjected with a fluorescent dye and are stable for several weeks in vitro. These endothelial structures can be recovered and manipulated in an alginate patch without altering their shape or viability. This approach opens new opportunities for future applications, such as stacking with other cell sheets or multicellular constructs to yield bioengineered tissue with higher complexity and functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Mazari-Arrighi
- Université de Paris, U976 HIPI, Inserm, Paris, F-75006, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, 1 avenue Vellefaux, Paris, F-75010, France
| | - Matthieu Lépine
- Université de Paris, U976 HIPI, Inserm, Paris, F-75006, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, 1 avenue Vellefaux, Paris, F-75010, France
| | - Dmitry Ayollo
- Université de Paris, U976 HIPI, Inserm, Paris, F-75006, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, 1 avenue Vellefaux, Paris, F-75010, France
| | - Lionel Faivre
- Université de Paris, U976 HIPI, Inserm, Paris, F-75006, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, 1 avenue Vellefaux, Paris, F-75010, France
| | - Jérôme Larghero
- Université de Paris, U976 HIPI, Inserm, Paris, F-75006, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, 1 avenue Vellefaux, Paris, F-75010, France
| | - François Chatelain
- Université de Paris, U976 HIPI, Inserm, Paris, F-75006, France
- CEA, IRIG, Grenoble, F-38000, France
| | - Alexandra Fuchs
- Université de Paris, U976 HIPI, Inserm, Paris, F-75006, France
- CEA, IRIG, Grenoble, F-38000, France
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2
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Makode S, Maurya S, Niknam SA, Mollocana-Lara E, Jaberi K, Faramarzi N, Tamayol A, Mortazavi M. Three dimensional (bio)printing of blood vessels: from vascularized tissues to functional arteries. Biofabrication 2024; 16:022005. [PMID: 38277671 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ad22ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Tissue engineering has emerged as a strategy for producing functional tissues and organs to treat diseases and injuries. Many chronic conditions directly or indirectly affect normal blood vessel functioning, necessary for material exchange and transport through the body and within tissue-engineered constructs. The interest in vascular tissue engineering is due to two reasons: (1) functional grafts can be used to replace diseased blood vessels, and (2) engineering effective vasculature within other engineered tissues enables connection with the host's circulatory system, supporting their survival. Among various practices, (bio)printing has emerged as a powerful tool to engineer biomimetic constructs. This has been made possible with precise control of cell deposition and matrix environment along with the advancements in biomaterials. (Bio)printing has been used for both engineering stand-alone vascular grafts as well as vasculature within engineered tissues for regenerative applications. In this review article, we discuss various conditions associated with blood vessels, the need for artificial blood vessels, the anatomy and physiology of different blood vessels, available 3D (bio)printing techniques to fabricate tissue-engineered vascular grafts and vasculature in scaffolds, and the comparison among the different techniques. We conclude our review with a brief discussion about future opportunities in the area of blood vessel tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Makode
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Satyajit Maurya
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Seyed A Niknam
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Western New England University, Springfield, MA, United States of America
| | - Evelyn Mollocana-Lara
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, United States of America
| | - Kiana Jaberi
- Department of Nutritional Science, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Negar Faramarzi
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, United States of America
| | - Ali Tamayol
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, United States of America
| | - Mehdi Mortazavi
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, United States of America
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3
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Li H, Shang Y, Zeng J, Matsusaki M. Technology for the formation of engineered microvascular network models and their biomedical applications. NANO CONVERGENCE 2024; 11:10. [PMID: 38430377 PMCID: PMC10908775 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-024-00416-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine have made great progress in recent decades, as the fields of bioengineering, materials science, and stem cell biology have converged, allowing tissue engineers to replicate the structure and function of various levels of the vascular tree. Nonetheless, the lack of a fully functional vascular system to efficiently supply oxygen and nutrients has hindered the clinical application of bioengineered tissues for transplantation. To investigate vascular biology, drug transport, disease progression, and vascularization of engineered tissues for regenerative medicine, we have analyzed different approaches for designing microvascular networks to create models. This review discusses recent advances in the field of microvascular tissue engineering, explores potential future challenges, and offers methodological recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Li
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yucheng Shang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Jinfeng Zeng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Michiya Matsusaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
- Joint Research Laboratory (TOPPAN) for Advanced Cell Regulatory Chemistry, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
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4
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Jiang H, Li X, Chen T, Liu Y, Wang Q, Wang Z, Jia J. Bioprinted vascular tissue: Assessing functions from cellular, tissue to organ levels. Mater Today Bio 2023; 23:100846. [PMID: 37953757 PMCID: PMC10632537 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
3D bioprinting technology is widely used to fabricate various tissue structures. However, the absence of vessels hampers the ability of bioprinted tissues to receive oxygen and nutrients as well as to remove wastes, leading to a significant reduction in their survival rate. Despite the advancements in bioinks and bioprinting technologies, bioprinted vascular structures continue to be unsuitable for transplantation compared to natural blood vessels. In addition, a complete assessment index system for evaluating the structure and function of bioprinted vessels in vitro has not yet been established. Therefore, in this review, we firstly highlight the significance of selecting suitable bioinks and bioprinting techniques as they two synergize with each other. Subsequently, focusing on both vascular-associated cells and vascular tissues, we provide a relatively thorough assessment of the functions of bioprinted vascular tissue based on the physiological functions that natural blood vessels possess. We end with a review of the applications of vascular models, such as vessel-on-a-chip, in simulating pathological processes and conducting drug screening at the organ level. We believe that the development of fully functional blood vessels will soon make great contributions to tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihong Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueyi Li
- Sino-Swiss Institute of Advanced Technology, School of Micro-electronics, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianhong Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhimin Wang
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai (CHGC) and Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies (SIBPT), Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Jia
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- Sino-Swiss Institute of Advanced Technology, School of Micro-electronics, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
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5
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Liang J, Zhao J, Chen Y, Li B, Li Y, Lu F, Dong Z. New Insights and Advanced Strategies for In Vitro Construction of Vascularized Tissue Engineering. TISSUE ENGINEERING. PART B, REVIEWS 2023; 29:692-709. [PMID: 37409413 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2023.0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Inadequate vascularization is a significant barrier to clinical application of large-volume tissue engineered grafts. In contrast to in vivo vascularization, in vitro prevascularization shortens the time required for host vessels to grow into the graft core and minimizes necrosis in the core region of the graft. However, the challenge of prevascularization is to construct hierarchical perfusable vascular networks, increase graft volume, and form a vascular tip that can anastomose with host vessels. Understanding advances in in vitro prevascularization techniques and new insights into angiogenesis could overcome these obstacles. In the present review, we discuss new perspectives on angiogenesis, the differences between in vivo and in vitro tissue vascularization, the four elements of prevascularized constructs, recent advances in perfusion-based in vitro prevascularized tissue fabrication, and prospects for large-volume prevascularized tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiancong Liang
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunzi Chen
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Li
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Lu
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziqing Dong
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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Han X, Saiding Q, Cai X, Xiao Y, Wang P, Cai Z, Gong X, Gong W, Zhang X, Cui W. Intelligent Vascularized 3D/4D/5D/6D-Printed Tissue Scaffolds. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2023; 15:239. [PMID: 37907770 PMCID: PMC10618155 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-023-01187-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Blood vessels are essential for nutrient and oxygen delivery and waste removal. Scaffold-repairing materials with functional vascular networks are widely used in bone tissue engineering. Additive manufacturing is a manufacturing technology that creates three-dimensional solids by stacking substances layer by layer, mainly including but not limited to 3D printing, but also 4D printing, 5D printing and 6D printing. It can be effectively combined with vascularization to meet the needs of vascularized tissue scaffolds by precisely tuning the mechanical structure and biological properties of smart vascular scaffolds. Herein, the development of neovascularization to vascularization to bone tissue engineering is systematically discussed in terms of the importance of vascularization to the tissue. Additionally, the research progress and future prospects of vascularized 3D printed scaffold materials are highlighted and presented in four categories: functional vascularized 3D printed scaffolds, cell-based vascularized 3D printed scaffolds, vascularized 3D printed scaffolds loaded with specific carriers and bionic vascularized 3D printed scaffolds. Finally, a brief review of vascularized additive manufacturing-tissue scaffolds in related tissues such as the vascular tissue engineering, cardiovascular system, skeletal muscle, soft tissue and a discussion of the challenges and development efforts leading to significant advances in intelligent vascularized tissue regeneration is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Han
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
- Department of Orthopedics, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 105 Jiefang Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250013, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qimanguli Saiding
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolu Cai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Xiao
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 105 Jiefang Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250013, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengwei Cai
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Gong
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390-9096, USA
| | - Weiming Gong
- Department of Orthopedics, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 105 Jiefang Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250013, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xingcai Zhang
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
| | - Wenguo Cui
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.
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7
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Kong Z, Wang X. Bioprinting Technologies and Bioinks for Vascular Model Establishment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24010891. [PMID: 36614332 PMCID: PMC9821327 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinically, large diameter artery defects (diameter larger than 6 mm) can be substituted by unbiodegradable polymers, such as polytetrafluoroethylene. There are many problems in the construction of small diameter blood vessels (diameter between 1 and 3 mm) and microvessels (diameter less than 1 mm), especially in the establishment of complex vascular models with multi-scale branched networks. Throughout history, the vascularization strategies have been divided into three major groups, including self-generated capillaries from implantation, pre-constructed vascular channels, and three-dimensional (3D) printed cell-laden hydrogels. The first group is based on the spontaneous angiogenesis behaviour of cells in the host tissues, which also lays the foundation of capillary angiogenesis in tissue engineering scaffolds. The second group is to vascularize the polymeric vessels (or scaffolds) with endothelial cells. It is hoped that the pre-constructed vessels can be connected with the vascular networks of host tissues with rapid blood perfusion. With the development of bioprinting technologies, various fabrication methods have been achieved to build hierarchical vascular networks with high-precision 3D control. In this review, the latest advances in 3D bioprinting of vascularized tissues/organs are discussed, including new printing techniques and researches on bioinks for promoting angiogenesis, especially coaxial printing, freeform reversible embedded in suspended hydrogel printing, and acoustic assisted printing technologies, and freeform reversible embedded in suspended hydrogel (flash) technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Kong
- Center of 3D Printing & Organ Manufacturing, School of Intelligent Medicine, China Medical University (CMU), No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Center of 3D Printing & Organ Manufacturing, School of Intelligent Medicine, China Medical University (CMU), No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education & Center of Organ Manufacturing, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-24-3190-0983
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8
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Fabrication of innocuous hydrogel scaffolds based on modified dextran for biotissues. Carbohydr Res 2022; 522:108699. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2022.108699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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9
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Jeong D, Seo JW, Lee H, Jung WK, Park YH, Bae H. Efficient Myogenic/Adipogenic Transdifferentiation of Bovine Fibroblasts in a 3D Bioprinting System for Steak-Type Cultured Meat Production. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2202877. [PMID: 36192168 PMCID: PMC9631076 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202202877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The interest in cultured meat is increasing because of the problems with conventional livestock industry. Recently, many studies related to cultured meat have been conducted, but producing large-sized cultured meat remains a challenge. It is aimed to introduce 3D bioprinting for producing large cell aggregates for cultured meat production. A hydrogel scaffold is produced at the centimeter scale using a bioink consisting of photocrosslinkable materials for digital light processing-based (DLP) printing, which has high printing accuracy and can produce geometrically complex structures. The light exposure time for hydrogel photopolymerization by DLP bioprinting is optimized based on photorheometry and cell viability assays. Naturally immortalized bovine embryonic fibroblast cells transformed with MyoD and PPARγ2 instead of primary cells are used as the latter have difficulties in maintaining stemness and are associated with animal ethics issues. The cells are mixed into the hydrogel for printing. Myogenesis and adipogenesis are induced simply by changing the medium after printing. Scaffolds are obtained successfully with living cells and large microchannels. The cooked cultured meat maintains its size and shape upon cutting. The overall dimensions are 3.43 cm × 5.53 cm × 0.96 cm. This study provides proof-of-concept for producing 3D cultured meat using bioinks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayi Jeong
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative BiotechnologyKU Convergence Science and Technology InstituteKonkuk UniversitySeoul05029Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Wook Seo
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative BiotechnologyKU Convergence Science and Technology InstituteKonkuk UniversitySeoul05029Republic of Korea
| | - Hong‐Gu Lee
- Department of Animal Science and TechnologySanghuh College of Life SciencesKonkuk UniversitySeoul05029Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Kyung Jung
- NoAH Biotech Co., Ltd.Suwon‐siGyeonggi‐do16614Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Ho Park
- NoAH Biotech Co., Ltd.Suwon‐siGyeonggi‐do16614Republic of Korea
- Department of MicrobiologyCollege of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary ScienceSeoul National University1 Gwanak‐ro, Gwanak‐guSeoul08826Republic of Korea
| | - Hojae Bae
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative BiotechnologyKU Convergence Science and Technology InstituteKonkuk UniversitySeoul05029Republic of Korea
- Institute of Advanced Regenerative ScienceKonkuk University120 Neungdong‐ro, Gwangjin‐guSeoul05029Republic of Korea
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10
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Yang J, He P, Derby B. Stability Bounds for Micron Scale Ag Conductor Lines Produced by Electrohydrodynamic Inkjet Printing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:39601-39609. [PMID: 35979913 PMCID: PMC9437868 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c11133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Continuous conducting lines of width 5-20 μm have been printed with a Ag nanoparticle ink using drop-on-demand (DOD) electrohydrodynamic (EHD) inkjet printing on Si and PDMS substrates, with advancing contact angles of 11° and 35°, respectively, and a zero receding contact angle. It is only possible to achieve stable parallel sided lines within a limited range of drop spacings, and this limiting range for stable line printing decreases as the contact angle of the ink on the substrate increases. The upper bound drop spacing for stable line formation is determined by a minimum drop overlap required to prevent contact line retraction, and the lower bound is governed by competing flows for drop spreading onto an unwetted substrate and a return flow driven by a Laplace pressure difference between the newly deposited drops and the fluid some distance from the growing tip. The upper and lower bounds are shown to be consistent with those predicted using existing models for the stability of inkjet printed lines produced using piezoelectric droplet generators. A comparison with literature data for EHD printed lines finds that these limiting bounds apply with printed line widths as small as 200 nm using subfemtoliter drop volumes. When a fine grid pattern is printed, local differences in Laplace pressure lead to the line width retracting to the minimum stable width and excess ink being transported to the nodes of the grid. After printing and sintering, the printed tracks have a conductivity of about 15%-20% of bulk Ag on the Si substrate, which correlates with a porosity of about 60%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxin Yang
- Department
of Materials, University of Manchester, Oxford Rd., ManchesterM13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Pei He
- School
of Physics and Electronics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics
and Devices, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan410083, P. R. China
| | - Brian Derby
- Department
of Materials, University of Manchester, Oxford Rd., ManchesterM13 9PL, U.K.
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11
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Liu S, Wang T, Li S, Wang X. Application Status of Sacrificial Biomaterials in 3D Bioprinting. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14112182. [PMID: 35683853 PMCID: PMC9182955 DOI: 10.3390/polym14112182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Additive manufacturing, also known as three-dimensional (3D) printing, relates to several rapid prototyping (RP) technologies, and has shown great potential in the manufacture of organoids and even complex bioartificial organs. A major challenge for 3D bioprinting complex org unit ans is the competitive requirements with respect to structural biomimeticability, material integrability, and functional manufacturability. Over the past several years, 3D bioprinting based on sacrificial templates has shown its unique advantages in building hierarchical vascular networks in complex organs. Sacrificial biomaterials as supporting structures have been used widely in the construction of tubular tissues. The advent of suspension printing has enabled the precise printing of some soft biomaterials (e.g., collagen and fibrinogen), which were previously considered unprintable singly with cells. In addition, the introduction of sacrificial biomaterials can improve the porosity of biomaterials, making the printed structures more favorable for cell proliferation, migration and connection. In this review, we mainly consider the latest developments and applications of 3D bioprinting based on the strategy of sacrificial biomaterials, discuss the basic principles of sacrificial templates, and look forward to the broad prospects of this approach for complex organ engineering or manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Liu
- Center of 3D Printing & Organ Manufacturing, School of Intelligent Medicine, China Medical University (CMU), No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China; (S.L.); (T.W.); (S.L.)
| | - Tianlin Wang
- Center of 3D Printing & Organ Manufacturing, School of Intelligent Medicine, China Medical University (CMU), No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China; (S.L.); (T.W.); (S.L.)
| | - Shenglong Li
- Center of 3D Printing & Organ Manufacturing, School of Intelligent Medicine, China Medical University (CMU), No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China; (S.L.); (T.W.); (S.L.)
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Center of 3D Printing & Organ Manufacturing, School of Intelligent Medicine, China Medical University (CMU), No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China; (S.L.); (T.W.); (S.L.)
- Center of Organ Manufacturing, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Correspondence: or ; Tel./Fax: +86-24-31900983
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12
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Natural Hydrogel-Based Bio-Inks for 3D Bioprinting in Tissue Engineering: A Review. Gels 2022; 8:gels8030179. [PMID: 35323292 PMCID: PMC8948717 DOI: 10.3390/gels8030179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing is well acknowledged to constitute an important technology in tissue engineering, largely due to the increasing global demand for organ replacement and tissue regeneration. In 3D bioprinting, which is a step ahead of 3D biomaterial printing, the ink employed is impregnated with cells, without compromising ink printability. This allows for immediate scaffold cellularization and generation of complex structures. The use of cell-laden inks or bio-inks provides the opportunity for enhanced cell differentiation for organ fabrication and regeneration. Recognizing the importance of such bio-inks, the current study comprehensively explores the state of the art of the utilization of bio-inks based on natural polymers (biopolymers), such as cellulose, agarose, alginate, decellularized matrix, in 3D bioprinting. Discussions regarding progress in bioprinting, techniques and approaches employed in the bioprinting of natural polymers, and limitations and prospects concerning future trends in human-scale tissue and organ fabrication are also presented.
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Abstract
Printing technology promises a viable solution for the low-cost, rapid, flexible, and mass fabrication of biosensors. Among the vast number of printing techniques, screen printing and inkjet printing have been widely adopted for the fabrication of biosensors. Screen printing provides ease of operation and rapid processing; however, it is bound by the effects of viscous inks, high material waste, and the requirement for masks, to name a few. Inkjet printing, on the other hand, is well suited for mass fabrication that takes advantage of computer-aided design software for pattern modifications. Furthermore, being drop-on-demand, it prevents precious material waste and offers high-resolution patterning. To exploit the features of inkjet printing technology, scientists have been keen to use it for the development of biosensors since 1988. A vast number of fully and partially inkjet-printed biosensors have been developed ever since. This study presents a short introduction on the printing technology used for biosensor fabrication in general, and a brief review of the recent reports related to virus, enzymatic, and non-enzymatic biosensor fabrication, via inkjet printing technology in particular.
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14
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Wong J, Murphy M, Wu YF, Murphy R, Frueh FS, Farnebo S. Basic science approaches to common hand surgery problems. J Hand Surg Eur Vol 2022; 47:117-126. [PMID: 34472390 DOI: 10.1177/17531934211042697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The field of hand surgery is constantly evolving to meet challenges of populations with increasing age and higher demands for active living. While our surgical care has improved over the last decades, it seems that future major improvement in outcomes of clinical treatment will come through advances in biologics and the translation of major discoveries in basic science. This article aims to provide an update on where basic science solutions may answer some of the most critical issues in hand surgery, with a focus on augmentation of tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Wong
- Blond McIndoe Laboratories, Manchester, UK.,Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Manchester and Manchester University Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Matthew Murphy
- Blond McIndoe Laboratories, Manchester, UK.,Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Manchester and Manchester University Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Ya Fang Wu
- Department of Hand Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ralph Murphy
- Blond McIndoe Laboratories, Manchester, UK.,Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Manchester and Manchester University Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Florian S Frueh
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simon Farnebo
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Plastic Surgery, Hand Surgery, and Burns, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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15
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Capillary-like Formations of Endothelial Cells in Defined Patterns Generated by Laser Bioprinting. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12121538. [PMID: 34945388 PMCID: PMC8708310 DOI: 10.3390/mi12121538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Bioprinting is seen as a promising technique for tissue engineering, with hopes of one day being able to produce whole organs. However, thick tissue requires a functional vascular network, which naturally contains vessels of various sizes, down to capillaries of ~10 µm in diameter, often spaced less than 200 µm apart. If such thick tissues are to be printed, the vasculature would likely need to be printed at the same time, including the capillaries. While there are many approaches in tissue engineering to produce larger vessels in a defined manner, the small capillaries usually arise only in random patterns by sprouting from the larger vessels or from randomly distributed endothelial cells. Here, we investigated whether the small capillaries could also be printed in predefined patterns. For this purpose, we used a laser-based bioprinting technique that allows for the combination of high resolution and high cell density. Our aim was to achieve the formation of closed tubular structures with lumina by laser-printed endothelial cells along the printed patterns on a surface and in bioprinted tissue. This study shows that such capillaries are directly printable; however, persistence of the printed tubular structures was achieved only in tissue with external stimulation by other cell types.
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16
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Song D, Xu Y, Liu S, Wen L, Wang X. Progress of 3D Bioprinting in Organ Manufacturing. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3178. [PMID: 34578079 PMCID: PMC8468820 DOI: 10.3390/polym13183178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting is a family of rapid prototyping technologies, which assemble biomaterials, including cells and bioactive agents, under the control of a computer-aided design model in a layer-by-layer fashion. It has great potential in organ manufacturing areas with the combination of biology, polymers, chemistry, engineering, medicine, and mechanics. At present, 3D bioprinting technologies can be used to successfully print living tissues and organs, including blood vessels, skin, bones, cartilage, kidney, heart, and liver. The unique advantages of 3D bioprinting technologies for organ manufacturing have improved the traditional medical level significantly. In this article, we summarize the latest research progress of polymers in bioartificial organ 3D printing areas. The important characteristics of the printable polymers and the typical 3D bioprinting technologies for several complex bioartificial organs, such as the heart, liver, nerve, and skin, are introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dabin Song
- Center of 3D Printing & Organ Manufacturing, School of Intelligent Medicine, China Medical University (CMU), No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China; (D.S.); (Y.X.); (S.L.); (L.W.)
| | - Yukun Xu
- Center of 3D Printing & Organ Manufacturing, School of Intelligent Medicine, China Medical University (CMU), No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China; (D.S.); (Y.X.); (S.L.); (L.W.)
| | - Siyu Liu
- Center of 3D Printing & Organ Manufacturing, School of Intelligent Medicine, China Medical University (CMU), No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China; (D.S.); (Y.X.); (S.L.); (L.W.)
| | - Liang Wen
- Center of 3D Printing & Organ Manufacturing, School of Intelligent Medicine, China Medical University (CMU), No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China; (D.S.); (Y.X.); (S.L.); (L.W.)
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Center of 3D Printing & Organ Manufacturing, School of Intelligent Medicine, China Medical University (CMU), No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China; (D.S.); (Y.X.); (S.L.); (L.W.)
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Ministry of Education & Center of Organ Manufacturing, Beijing 100084, China
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17
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Xu X, Liao L, Tian W. Strategies of Prevascularization in Tissue Engineering and Regeneration of Craniofacial Tissues. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2021; 28:464-475. [PMID: 34191620 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2021.0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Craniofacial tissue defects caused by trauma, developmental malformation, or surgery are critical issues of high incidence, which are harmful to physical and psychological health. Transplantation of engineered tissues or biomaterials is a potential method to repair defects and regenerate the craniofacial tissues. Revascularization is essential to ensure the survival and regeneration of the grafts. Since microvessels play a critical role in blood circulation and substance exchange, the pre-establishment of the microvascular network in transplants provides a technical basis for the successful regeneration of the tissue defect. In this study, we reviewed the recent development of strategies and applications of prevascularization in tissue engineering and regeneration of craniofacial tissues. We focused on the cellular foundation of the in vitro prevascularized microvascular network, the cell source for prevascularization, and the strategies of prevascularization. Several key strategies, including coculture, microspheres, three-dimensional printing and microfluidics, and microscale technology, were summarized and the feasibility of these technologies in the clinical repair of craniofacial defects was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weidong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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18
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Lee H, Jang TS, Han G, Kim HW, Jung HD. Freeform 3D printing of vascularized tissues: Challenges and strategies. J Tissue Eng 2021; 12:20417314211057236. [PMID: 34868539 PMCID: PMC8638074 DOI: 10.1177/20417314211057236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, freeform three-dimensional (3D) printing has led to significant advances in the fabrication of artificial tissues with vascularized structures. This technique utilizes a supporting matrix that holds the extruded printing ink and ensures shape maintenance of the printed 3D constructs within the prescribed spatial precision. Since the printing nozzle can be translated omnidirectionally within the supporting matrix, freeform 3D printing is potentially applicable for the fabrication of complex 3D objects, incorporating curved, and irregular shaped vascular networks. To optimize freeform 3D printing quality and performance, the rheological properties of the printing ink and supporting matrix, and the material matching between them are of paramount importance. In this review, we shall compare conventional 3D printing and freeform 3D printing technologies for the fabrication of vascular constructs, and critically discuss their working principles and their advantages and disadvantages. We also provide the detailed material information of emerging printing inks and supporting matrices in recent freeform 3D printing studies. The accompanying challenges are further discussed, aiming to guide freeform 3D printing by the effective design and selection of the most appropriate materials/processes for the development of full-scale functional vascularized artificial tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Lee
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical
Engineering (BMCE), The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Republic of
Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, The
Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Sik Jang
- Department of Materials Science and
Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ginam Han
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical
Engineering (BMCE), The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Republic of
Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, The
Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Won Kim
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration
Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of
Korea
- Department of Biomaterials Science,
College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of
Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science
& BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook
University, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea
- Cell & Matter Institute, Dankook
University, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Regenerative Dental
Medicine, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do,
Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Do Jung
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical
Engineering (BMCE), The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Republic of
Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, The
Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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