1
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Yadavalli HC, Kim Y, Jung IL, Park S, Kim TH, Shin JY, Nagda R, Thulstrup PW, Bjerrum MJ, Bhang YJ, Lee PH, Yang WH, Shah P, Yang SW. Energy Transfer Between i-Motif DNA Encapsulated Silver Nanoclusters and Fluorescein Amidite Efficiently Visualizes the Redox State of Live Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2401629. [PMID: 38824675 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202401629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
The redox regulation, maintaining a balance between oxidation and reduction in living cells, is vital for cellular homeostasis, intricate signaling networks, and appropriate responses to physiological and environmental cues. Here, a novel redox sensor, based on DNA-encapsulated silver nanoclusters (DNA/AgNCs) and well-defined chemical fluorophores, effectively illustrating cellular redox states in live cells is introduced. Among various i-motif DNAs, the photophysical property of poly-cytosines (C20)-encapsulated AgNCs that sense reactive oxygen species (ROS) is adopted. However, the sensitivity of C20/AgNCs is insufficient for evaluating ROS levels in live cells. To overcome this drawback, the ROS sensing mechanism of C20/AgNCs through gel electrophoresis, mass spectrometry, and small-angle X-ray scattering is primarily defined. Then, by tethering fluorescein amidite (FAM) and Cyanine 5 (Cy5) dyes to each end of the C20/AgNCs sensor, an Energy Transfer (ET) between AgNCs and FAM is achieved, resulting in intensified green fluorescence upon ROS detection. Taken together, the FAM-C20/AgNCs-Cy5 redox sensor enables dynamic visualization of intracellular redox states, yielding insights into oxidative stress-related processes in live cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari Chandana Yadavalli
- Department of Systems Biology, Institute of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeolhoe Kim
- Department of Systems Biology, Institute of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Lae Jung
- Department of Radiation Biology, Environmental Radiation Research Group, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon, 34057, Republic of Korea
| | - Sooyeon Park
- Department of Systems Biology, Institute of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hwan Kim
- Department of Quantum System Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Young Shin
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Riddhi Nagda
- Department of Systems Biology, Institute of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Peter Waaben Thulstrup
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Morten Jannik Bjerrum
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Yong Joo Bhang
- Xenohelix Research Institute, BT Centre 305, 56 Songdogwahak-ro Yeonsugu, Incheon, 21984, Republic of Korea
| | - Phil Hyu Lee
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Ho Yang
- Department of Systems Biology, Institute of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Pratik Shah
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, 4000, Denmark
| | - Seong Wook Yang
- Department of Systems Biology, Institute of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
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2
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Rück V, Liisberg MB, Mollerup CB, He Y, Chen J, Cerretani C, Vosch T. A DNA-Stabilized Ag 18 12+ Cluster with Excitation-Intensity-Dependent Dual Emission. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309760. [PMID: 37578902 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
DNA-stabilized silver nanoclusters (DNA-AgNCs) are easily tunable emitters with intriguing photophysical properties. Here, a DNA-AgNC with dual emission in the red and near-infrared (NIR) regions is presented. Mass spectrometry data showed that two DNA strands stabilize 18 silver atoms with a nanocluster charge of 12+. Besides determining the composition and charge of DNA2 [Ag18 ]12+ , steady-state and time-resolved methods were applied to characterize the picosecond red fluorescence and the relatively intense microsecond-lived NIR luminescence. During this process, the luminescence-to-fluorescence ratio was found to be excitation-intensity-dependent. This peculiar feature is very rare for molecular emitters and allows the use of DNA2 [Ag18 ]12+ as a nanoscale excitation intensity probe. For this purpose, calibration curves were constructed using three different approaches based either on steady-state or time-resolved emission measurements. The results showed that processes like thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) or photon upconversion through triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA) could be excluded for DNA2 [Ag18 ]12+ . We, therefore, speculate that the ratiometric excitation intensity response could be the result of optically activated delayed fluorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Rück
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mikkel B Liisberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Brinch Mollerup
- Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Frederik V's Vej 11, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yanmei He
- Division of Chemical Physics and NanoLund, Lund University P.O. Box 124, 22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Junsheng Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cecilia Cerretani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tom Vosch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
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3
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Rolband L, Godakhindi V, Vivero-Escoto JL, Afonin KA. Demonstrating the Synthesis and Antibacterial Properties of Nanostructured Silver. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION 2023; 100:3547-3555. [PMID: 37720521 PMCID: PMC10501122 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jchemed.3c00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Investigating and understanding novel antibacterial agents is a necessary task as there is a constant increase in the number of multidrug-resistant bacterial species. The use of nanotechnology to combat drug-resistant bacteria is an important research area. The laboratory experiment described herein demonstrates that changes in the nanostructure of a material lead to significantly different antibacterial efficacies. Silver has been known to be an effective antibacterial agent throughout history, but its therapeutic uses are limited when present as either the bulk material or cations in solution. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and DNA-templated silver nanoclusters (DNA-AgNCs) are both nanostructured silver materials that show vastly different antibacterial activities when incubated with E. coli in liquid culture. This work aims to provide students with hands-on experience in the synthesis and characterization of nanomaterials and basic microbiology skills; moreover, it is applicable to undergraduate and graduate curricula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis Rolband
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina
at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States
| | - Varsha Godakhindi
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina
at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States
| | - Juan L. Vivero-Escoto
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina
at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States
| | - Kirill A. Afonin
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina
at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States
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4
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Guha R, Rafik M, Gonzàlez-Rosell A, Copp SM. Heat, pH, and salt: synthesis strategies to favor formation of near-infrared emissive DNA-stabilized silver nanoclusters. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:10488-10491. [PMID: 37551832 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc02896h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
We present chemical synthesis strategies for DNA-stabilized silver nanoclusters (AgN-DNAs) with near-infrared (NIR) emission in the biological tissue transparency windows. Elevated temperatures can significantly increase chemical yield of near-infrared nanoclusters. In most cases, basic pH favors near-infrared nanoclusters while micromolar amounts of NaCl inhibit their formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rweetuparna Guha
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - Malak Rafik
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - Anna Gonzàlez-Rosell
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - Stacy M Copp
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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5
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Danai L, Rolband LA, Perdomo VA, Skelly E, Kim T, Afonin KA. Optical, structural and antibacterial properties of silver nanoparticles and DNA-templated silver nanoclusters. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2023; 18:769-782. [PMID: 37345552 PMCID: PMC10308257 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2023-0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are increasingly considered for biomedical applications as drug-delivery carriers, imaging probes and antibacterial agents. Silver nanoclusters (AgNCs) represent another subclass of nanoscale silver. AgNCs are a promising tool for nanomedicine due to their small size, structural homogeneity, antibacterial activity and fluorescence, which arises from their molecule-like electron configurations. The template-assisted synthesis of AgNCs relies on organic molecules that act as polydentate ligands. In particular, single-stranded nucleic acids reproducibly scaffold AgNCs to provide fluorescent, biocompatible materials that are incorporable in other formulations. This mini review outlines the design and characterization of AgNPs and DNA-templated AgNCs, discusses factors that affect their physicochemical and biological properties, and highlights applications of these materials as antibacterial agents and biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyla Danai
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscale Science Program, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| | - Lewis A Rolband
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscale Science Program, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth Skelly
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscale Science Program, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| | - Taejin Kim
- Physical Sciences Department, West Virginia University Institute of Technology, Beckley, WV 25801, USA
| | - Kirill A Afonin
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscale Science Program, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
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6
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Nagda R, Park S, Jung IL, Nam K, Yadavalli HC, Kim YM, Yang K, Kang J, Thulstrup PW, Bjerrum MJ, Cho M, Kim TH, Roh YH, Shah P, Yang SW. Silver Nanoclusters Serve as Fluorescent Rivets Linking Hoogsteen Triplex DNA and Hairpin-Loop DNA Structures. ACS NANO 2022; 16:13211-13222. [PMID: 35952305 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c06631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Greater understanding of the mutual influence between DNA and the associated nanomaterial on the properties of each other can provide alternative strategies for designing and developing DNA nanomachines. DNA secondary structures are essential for encapsulating highly emissive silver nanoclusters (DNA/AgNCs). Likewise, AgNCs stabilize secondary DNA structures, such as hairpin DNA, duplex DNA, and parallel-motif DNA triplex. In this study, we found that the fluorescence of AgNCs encapsulated within a Hoogsteen triplex DNA structure can be turned on and off in response to pH changes. We also show that AgNCs can act as nanoscale rivets, linking two functionally distinctive DNA nanostructures. For instance, we found that a Hoogsteen triplex DNA structure with a seven-cytosine loop encapsulates red fluorescent AgNCs. The red fluorescence faded under alkaline conditions, whereas the fluorescence was restored in a near-neutral environment. Hairpin DNA and random DNA structures did not exhibit this pH-dependent AgNCs fluorescence. A fluorescence lifetime measurement and a small-angle X-ray scattering analysis showed that the triplex DNA-encapsulated AgNCs were photophysically convertible between bright and dark states. An in-gel electrophoresis analysis indicated that bright and dark convertibility depended on the AgNCs-riveted dimerization of the triplex DNAs. Moreover, we found that AgNCs rivet the triplex DNA and hairpin DNA to form a heterodimer, emitting orange fluorescence. Our findings suggest that AgNCs between two cytosine-rich loops can be used as nanorivets in designing noncanonical DNA origami beyond Watson-Crick base pairing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riddhi Nagda
- Department of Systems Biology, Institute of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Sooyeon Park
- Department of Systems Biology, Institute of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Il Lae Jung
- Department of Radiation Biology, Environmental Radiation Research Group, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon 34057, Korea
| | - Keonwook Nam
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Hari Chandana Yadavalli
- Department of Systems Biology, Institute of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Young Min Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Kyungjik Yang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Jooyoun Kang
- Center for Molecular Spectroscopy and Dynamics, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | | | | | - Minhaeng Cho
- Center for Molecular Spectroscopy and Dynamics, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul 02841, Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Tae-Hwan Kim
- Department of Quantum System Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Young Hoon Roh
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Pratik Shah
- Department of Systems Biology, Institute of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde 4000, Denmark
| | - Seong Wook Yang
- Department of Systems Biology, Institute of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
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7
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Rolband L, Yourston L, Chandler M, Beasock D, Danai L, Kozlov S, Marshall N, Shevchenko O, Krasnoslobodtsev AV, Afonin KA. DNA-Templated Fluorescent Silver Nanoclusters Inhibit Bacterial Growth While Being Non-Toxic to Mammalian Cells. Molecules 2021; 26:4045. [PMID: 34279383 PMCID: PMC8271471 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26134045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Silver has a long history of antibacterial effectiveness. The combination of atomically precise metal nanoclusters with the field of nucleic acid nanotechnology has given rise to DNA-templated silver nanoclusters (DNA-AgNCs) which can be engineered with reproducible and unique fluorescent properties and antibacterial activity. Furthermore, cytosine-rich single-stranded DNA oligonucleotides designed to fold into hairpin structures improve the stability of AgNCs and additionally modulate their antibacterial properties and the quality of observed fluorescent signals. In this work, we characterize the sequence-specific fluorescence and composition of four representative DNA-AgNCs, compare their corresponding antibacterial effectiveness at different pH, and assess cytotoxicity to several mammalian cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis Rolband
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| | - Liam Yourston
- Department of Physics, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA
| | - Morgan Chandler
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| | - Damian Beasock
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| | - Leyla Danai
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| | - Seraphim Kozlov
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| | - Nolan Marshall
- Department of Physics, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA
| | - Oleg Shevchenko
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| | | | - Kirill A Afonin
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
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8
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Rück V, Cerretani C, Neacşu VA, Liisberg MB, Vosch T. Observation of microsecond luminescence while studying two DNA-stabilized silver nanoclusters emitting in the 800-900 nm range. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:13483-13489. [PMID: 34109959 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp01731d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We investigated two DNA-stabilized silver nanoclusters (DNA-AgNCs) that show multiple absorption features in the visible region, and emit around 811 nm (DNA811-AgNC) and 841 nm (DNA841-AgNC). Both DNA-AgNCs have large Stokes shifts and can be efficiently excited with red light. A comparison with the commercially available Atto740 yielded fluorescence quantum yields in the same order of magnitude, but a higher photon output above 800 nm since both DNA-AgNCs are more red-shifted. The study of both DNA-AgNCs also revealed previously unobserved photophysical behavior for this class of emitters. The fluorescence quantum yield and decay time of DNA841-AgNC can be increased upon consecutive heating/cooling cycles. DNA811-AgNC has an additional absorption band around 470 nm, which is parallel in orientation to the lowest energy transition at 640 nm. Furthermore, we observed for the first time a DNA-AgNC population (as part of the DNA811-AgNC sample) with green and near-infrared emissive states with nanosecond and microsecond decay times, respectively. A similar dual emissive DNA-AgNC stabilized by a different 10-base DNA strand is also reported in the manuscript. These two examples highlight the need to investigate the presence of red-shifted microsecond emission for this class of emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Rück
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark.
| | - Cecilia Cerretani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark.
| | - Vlad A Neacşu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark.
| | - Mikkel B Liisberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark.
| | - Tom Vosch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark.
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9
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Gambucci M, Zampini G, Quaglia G, Vosch T, Latterini L. Probing the Fluorescence Behavior of DNA‐Stabilized Silver Nanoclusters in the Presence of Biomolecules. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202000262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Gambucci
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology University of Perugia Via Elce di Sotto, 8 06123 Perugia Italy
| | - Giulia Zampini
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology University of Perugia Via Elce di Sotto, 8 06123 Perugia Italy
| | - Giulia Quaglia
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology University of Perugia Via Elce di Sotto, 8 06123 Perugia Italy
| | - Tom Vosch
- Department of Chemistry University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5 2100 Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Loredana Latterini
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology University of Perugia Via Elce di Sotto, 8 06123 Perugia Italy
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10
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Gonzàlez-Rosell A, Cerretani C, Mastracco P, Vosch T, Copp SM. Structure and luminescence of DNA-templated silver clusters. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:1230-1260. [PMID: 36132866 PMCID: PMC9417461 DOI: 10.1039/d0na01005g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
DNA serves as a versatile template for few-atom silver clusters and their organized self-assembly. These clusters possess unique structural and photophysical properties that are programmed into the DNA template sequence, resulting in a rich palette of fluorophores which hold promise as chemical and biomolecular sensors, biolabels, and nanophotonic elements. Here, we review recent advances in the fundamental understanding of DNA-templated silver clusters (Ag N -DNAs), including the role played by the silver-mediated DNA complexes which are synthetic precursors to Ag N -DNAs, structure-property relations of Ag N -DNAs, and the excited state dynamics leading to fluorescence in these clusters. We also summarize the current understanding of how DNA sequence selects the properties of Ag N -DNAs and how sequence can be harnessed for informed design and for ordered multi-cluster assembly. To catalyze future research, we end with a discussion of several opportunities and challenges, both fundamental and applied, for the Ag N -DNA research community. A comprehensive fundamental understanding of this class of metal cluster fluorophores can provide the basis for rational design and for advancement of their applications in fluorescence-based sensing, biosciences, nanophotonics, and catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gonzàlez-Rosell
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Irvine California 92697-2585 USA
| | - Cecilia Cerretani
- Nanoscience Center and Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5 2100 Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Peter Mastracco
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Irvine California 92697-2585 USA
| | - Tom Vosch
- Nanoscience Center and Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5 2100 Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Stacy M Copp
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Irvine California 92697-2585 USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Irvine California 92697-4575 USA
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11
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de la Hoz A, Navarro A, Aviñó A, Eritja R, Gargallo R. Studies on the interactions of Ag(i) with DNA and their implication on the DNA-templated synthesis of silver nanoclusters and on the interaction with complementary DNA and RNA sequences. RSC Adv 2021; 11:9029-9042. [PMID: 35423401 PMCID: PMC8695332 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra00194a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Silver nanoclusters (AgNCs) prepared by the reduction of silver ions in the presence of DNA oligonucleotides have attracted great interest as potential diagnostic tools for their tunable and high fluorescent properties. In this work, three DNA sequences that consist of a 12-nucleotide long probe sequence at the 5′-end linked to the complementary sequence to three miRNAs are studied. First, the interaction of these sequences with Ag(i) was characterized by means of circular dichroism spectroscopy. By applying multivariate methods to the analysis of spectroscopic data, two complexes with different Ag(i) : DNA ratios were resolved. Secondly, the impact of several experimental variables, such as temperature, borohydride concentration and reaction time, on the formation of AgNCs templated by these three sequences was studied. Finally, the fluorescence properties of the duplexes formed by DNA probes with complementary DNA or miRNA sequences were studied. The results presented here highlight the role of the secondary structure adopted by the DNA probe on the fluorescence properties of DNA-stabilized AgNCs which, in turn, affect the development of methods for miRNA detection. Variables affecting the fluorescent properties of DNA-stabilized silver nanoclusters are studied. The secondary structure of the AgNC-stabilizing DNA sequence dramatically affects the analytical signal behind the hybridization reaction.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra de la Hoz
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona Marti i Franquès 1 E-08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Alba Navarro
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona Marti i Franquès 1 E-08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Anna Aviñó
- Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), CIBER-BBN Jordi Girona 18-26 E-08034 Barcelona Spain
| | - Ramon Eritja
- Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), CIBER-BBN Jordi Girona 18-26 E-08034 Barcelona Spain
| | - Raimundo Gargallo
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona Marti i Franquès 1 E-08028 Barcelona Spain
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