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Iqbal H, Ilyas K, Akash MSH, Rehman K, Hussain A, Iqbal J. Real-time fluorescent monitoring of phase I xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes. RSC Adv 2024; 14:8837-8870. [PMID: 38495994 PMCID: PMC10941266 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra00127c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
This article explores the intricate landscape of advanced fluorescent probes crafted for the detection and real-time monitoring of phase I xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes. Employing state-of-the-art technologies, such as fluorescence resonance energy transfer, intramolecular charge transfer, and solid-state luminescence enhancement, this article unfolds a multifaceted approach to unraveling the dynamics of enzymatic processes within living systems. This encompassing study involves the development and application of a diverse range of fluorescent probes, each intricately designed with tailored mechanisms to heighten sensitivity, providing dynamic insights into phase I xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes. Understanding the role of phase I xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes in these pathophysiological processes, is essential for both medical research and clinical practice. This knowledge can guide the development of approaches to prevent, diagnose, and treat a broad spectrum of diseases and conditions. This adaptability underscores their potential clinical applications in cancer diagnosis and personalized medicine. Noteworthy are the trifunctional fluorogenic probes, uniquely designed not only for fluorescence-based cellular imaging but also for the isolation of cellular glycosidases. This innovative feature opens novel avenues for comprehensive studies in enzyme biology, paving the way for potential therapeutic interventions. The research accentuates the selectivity and specificity of the probes, showcasing their proficiency in distinguishing various enzymes and their isoforms. The sophisticated design and successful deployment of these fluorescent probes mark significant advancements in enzymology, providing powerful tools for both researchers and clinicians. Beyond their immediate applications, these probes offer illuminating insights into disease mechanisms, facilitating early detection, and catalyzing the development of targeted therapeutic interventions. This work represents a substantial leap forward in the field, promising transformative implications for understanding and addressing complex biological processes. In essence, this research heralds a new era in the development of fluorescent probes, presenting a comprehensive and innovative approach that not only expands the understanding of cellular enzyme activities but also holds great promise for practical applications in clinical settings and therapeutic endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajra Iqbal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Kainat Ilyas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad Pakistan
| | | | - Kanwal Rehman
- Department of Pharmacy, The Women University Multan Pakistan
| | - Amjad Hussain
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Okara Okara Pakistan
| | - Jamshed Iqbal
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus Abbottabad 22044 Pakistan
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2
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Yu X, Huang Y, Tao Y, Fan L, Zhang Y. Mitochondria-targetable small molecule fluorescent probes for the detection of cancer-associated biomarkers: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1289:342060. [PMID: 38245195 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.342060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Cancer represents a global threat to human health, and effective strategies for improved cancer early diagnosis and treatment are urgently needed. The detection of tumor biomarkers has been one of the important auxiliary means for tumor screening and diagnosis. Mitochondria are crucial subcellular organelles that produce most chemical energy used by cells, control metabolic processes, and maintain cell function. Evidence suggests the close involvement of mitochondria with cancer development. As a consequence, the identification of cancer-associated biomarker expression levels in mitochondria holds significant importance in the diagnosis of early-stage diseases and the monitoring of therapy efficacy. Small-molecule fluorescent probes are effective for the identification and visualization of bioactive entities within biological systems, owing to their heightened sensitivity, expeditious non-invasive analysis and real-time detection capacities. The design principles and sensing mechanisms of mitochondrial targeted fluorescent probes are summarized in this review. Additionally, the biomedical applications of these probes for detecting cancer-associated biomarkers are highlighted. The limitations and challenges of fluorescent probes in vivo are also considered and some future perspectives are provided. This review is expected to provide valuable insights for the future development of novel fluorescent probes for clinical imaging, thereby contributing to the advancement of cancer diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yu
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin, 132022, PR China
| | - Yunong Huang
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin, 132022, PR China
| | - Yunqi Tao
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin, 132022, PR China
| | - Li Fan
- Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, PR China.
| | - Yuewei Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin, 132022, PR China.
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3
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Zhou X, Wang X, Zhang TY, Shen L, Yang XJ, Zhang QL, Xu H, Redshaw C, Feng X. Pyrene-Based Cationic Fluorophores with High Affinity for BF 4-, PF 6-, and ClO 4- Anions: Detection and Removal. J Org Chem 2023; 88:13520-13527. [PMID: 37677077 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Anions play an indispensable role in the balance and regulation of the ecological environment and human health; however, excess anions can cause serious ecological and environment problems. Therefore, the detection and removal of excess anions in aqueous solution is not only a technological problem but also crucial for environmental protection. Herein, a set of water-soluble pyrene-based cationic fluorophores were synthesized, which exhibit high sensitivity for the detection of the anions BF4-, PF6-, and ClO4- via electrostatic interactions. Such fluorescent probes exhibit "turn-on" emission characteristics even at low concentrations of anions due to anion-π+ interactions. Moreover, these fluorescence probes act as efficient precipitating agents for the removal of the BF4-, PF6-, and ClO4- anions from an aqueous environment. This work opens up new avenues for future research on pyrene-based fluorophores as turn-on fluorescence probes for anion detection and as excellent precipitating agents in environmental settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhou
- School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, PR China
- School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, School of Material and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Tian-Yu Zhang
- School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, PR China
- School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Lingyi Shen
- School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, PR China
- School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Xian-Jiong Yang
- School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, PR China
- School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Qi-Long Zhang
- School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, PR China
- School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Hong Xu
- School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, PR China
- School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Carl Redshaw
- Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, Yorkshire HU6 7RX, U.K
| | - Xing Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, School of Material and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
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Guo WY, Fu YX, Mei LC, Chen Z, Zhang ZY, Wang F, Yang WC, Liu G, Yang GF. Rational Design of Esterase-Insensitive Fluorogenic Probes for In Vivo Imaging. ACS Sens 2023; 8:2041-2049. [PMID: 37146071 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c00264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Small-molecule fluorogenic probes are indispensable tools for performing research in biomedical fields and chemical biology. Although numerous cleavable fluorogenic probes have been developed to investigate various bioanalytes, few of them meet the baseline requirements for in vivo biosensing for disease diagnosis due to their insufficient specificity resulted from the remarkable esterase interferences. To address this critical issue, we developed a general approach called fragment-based fluorogenic probe discovery (FBFPD) to design esterase-insensitive probes for in vitro and in vivo applications. With the designed esterase-insensitive fluorogenic probe, we successfully achieved light-up in vivo imaging and quantitative analysis of cysteine. This strategy was further extended to design highly specific fluorogenic probes for other representative targets, sulfites, and chymotrypsin. The present study expands the bioanalytical toolboxes available and offers a promising platform to develop esterase-insensitive cleavable fluorogenic probes for in vivo biosensing and bioimaging for the early diagnosis of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu-Yingzheng Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Xuan Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P.R. China
| | - Long-Can Mei
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P.R. China
| | - Zhao Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P.R. China
| | - Zi-Ye Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P.R. China
| | - Fan Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Chao Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P.R. China
| | - Guozhen Liu
- School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, P.R. China
| | - Guang-Fu Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P.R. China
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Xue SS, Li Y, Pan W, Li N, Tang B. Multi-stimuli-responsive molecular fluorescent probes for bioapplications. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:3040-3049. [PMID: 36786045 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc07008a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive fluorescent probes have been widely utilized in detecting the physiological and pathological states of living systems. Numerous stimuli-responsive fluorescent probes have been developed due to their advantages of good sensitivity, high resolution, and high contrast fluorescent signals. In this feature article, the progress of multi-stimuli-responsive probes, including organic molecules and metal complexes, for the detection of various biomarkers for bio-applications is summarized. The feature article focuses on the applications of organic-molecule- and metal-complex-based molecular probes in biological systems for detecting different biomarkers of cancer or other diseases. The current challenges and potential future directions of these probes for applications in biological systems are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shan Xue
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, P. R. China.
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, P. R. China.
| | - Wei Pan
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, P. R. China.
| | - Na Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, P. R. China.
| | - Bo Tang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, P. R. China.
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Pseudo-irreversible butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors: Structure-activity relationships, computational and crystallographic study of the N-dialkyl O-arylcarbamate warhead. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 247:115048. [PMID: 36586299 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.115048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Alongside reversible butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors, a plethora of covalent butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors have been reported in the literature, typically pseudo-irreversible carbamates. For these latter, however, most cases lack full confirmation of their covalent mode of action. Additionally, the available reports regarding the structure-activity relationships of the O-arylcarbamate warhead are incomplete. Therefore, a follow-up on a series of pseudo-irreversible covalent carbamate human butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors and the structure-activity relationships of the N-dialkyl O-arylcarbamate warhead are presented in this study. The covalent mechanism of binding was tested by IC50 time-dependency profiles, and sequentially and increasingly confirmed by kinetic analysis, whole protein LC-MS, and crystallographic analysis. Computational studies provided valuable insights into steric constraints and identified problematic, bulky carbamate warheads that cannot reach and carbamoylate the catalytic Ser198. Quantum mechanical calculations provided further evidence that steric effects appear to be a key factor in determining the covalent binding behaviour of these carbamate cholinesterase inhibitors and their duration of action. Additionally, the introduction of a clickable terminal alkyne moiety into one of the carbamate N-substituents and in situ derivatisation with azide-containing fluorophore enabled fluorescent labelling of plasma human butyrylcholinesterase. This proof-of-concept study highlights the potential of this novel approach and for these compounds to be further developed as clickable molecular probes for investigating tissue localisation and activity of cholinesterases.
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Ćwilichowska N, Świderska KW, Dobrzyń A, Drąg M, Poręba M. Diagnostic and therapeutic potential of protease inhibition. Mol Aspects Med 2022; 88:101144. [PMID: 36174281 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2022.101144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Proteases are enzymes that hydrolyze peptide bonds in proteins and peptides; thus, they control virtually all biological processes. Our understanding of protease function has advanced considerably from nonselective digestive enzymes to highly specialized molecular scissors that orchestrate complex signaling networks through a limited proteolysis. The catalytic activity of proteases is tightly regulated at several levels, ranging from gene expression through trafficking and maturation to posttranslational modifications. However, when this delicate balance is disturbed, many diseases develop, including cancer, inflammatory disorders, diabetes, and neurodegenerative diseases. This new understanding of the role of proteases in pathologic physiology indicates that these enzymes represent excellent molecular targets for the development of therapeutic inhibitors, as well as for the design of chemical probes to visualize their redundant activity. Recently, numerous platform technologies have been developed to identify and optimize protease substrates and inhibitors, which were further used as lead structures for the development of chemical probes and therapeutic drugs. Due to this considerable success, the clinical potential of proteases in therapeutics and diagnostics is rapidly growing and is still not completely explored. Therefore, small molecules that can selectively target aberrant protease activity are emerging in diseases cells. In this review, we describe modern trends in the design of protease drugs as well as small molecule activity-based probes to visualize selected proteases in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Ćwilichowska
- Department of Chemical Biology and Bioimaging, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wyb, Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Karolina W Świderska
- Department of Chemical Biology and Bioimaging, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wyb, Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Dobrzyń
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Ludwika Pasteura 3, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Drąg
- Department of Chemical Biology and Bioimaging, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wyb, Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Marcin Poręba
- Department of Chemical Biology and Bioimaging, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wyb, Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370, Wroclaw, Poland.
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8
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Fu YX, Zhang ZY, Guo WY, Dai YJ, Wang ZY, Yang WC, Yang GF. In vivo fluorescent screening for HPPD-targeted herbicide discovery. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:4947-4955. [PMID: 36054619 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD), playing a critical role in vitamin E and plastoquinone biosynthesis in plants, has been recognized as one of the most important targets for herbicide discovery for over 30 years. Structure-based rational design of HPPD inhibitors has received more and more research interest. However, a critical challenge in the discovery of new HPPD inhibitors is the common inconsistency between molecular-level HPPD-based bioevaluation and the weed control efficiency in fields, due to the unpredictable biological processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. RESULTS In this study, we developed a fluorescent-sensing platform of efficient in vivo screening for HPPD-targeted herbicide discovery. The refined sensor has good capability of in situ real-time fluorescence imaging of HPPD in living cells and zebrafish. More importantly, it enabled the direct visible monitoring of HPPD inhibition in plants in a real-time manner. CONCLUSION We developed a highly efficient in vivo fluorescent screening method for HPPD-targeted herbicide discovery. This discovery not only offers a promising tool to advance HPPD-targeted herbicide discovery, but it also demonstrates a general path to develop the highly efficient, target-based, in vivo screening for pesticide discovery. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Xuan Fu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Ye Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Wu-Yingzheng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Jie Dai
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Zheng-Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Chao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Guang-Fu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, P. R. China
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Li YX, Xie DT, Yang YX, Chen Z, Guo WY, Yang WC. Development of Small-Molecule Fluorescent Probes Targeting Enzymes. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144501. [PMID: 35889374 PMCID: PMC9324355 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As biological catalysts, enzymes are vital in controlling numerous metabolic reactions. The regulation of enzymes in living cells and the amount present are indicators of the metabolic status of cell, whether in normal condition or disease. The small-molecule fluorescent probes are of interest because of their high sensitivity and selectivity, as well as their potential for automated detection. Fluorescent probes have been useful in targeting particular enzymes of interest such as proteases and caspases. However, it is difficult to develop an ideal fluorescent probe for versatile purposes. In the future, the design and synthesis of enzyme-targeting fluorescent probes will focus more on improving the selectivity, sensitivity, penetration ability and to couple the fluorescent probes with other available imaging molecules/technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Xiang Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Huaihua University, Huaihua 418008, China; (Y.-X.L.); (D.-T.X.); (Y.-X.Y.)
| | - Dong-Tai Xie
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Huaihua University, Huaihua 418008, China; (Y.-X.L.); (D.-T.X.); (Y.-X.Y.)
| | - Ya-Xi Yang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Huaihua University, Huaihua 418008, China; (Y.-X.L.); (D.-T.X.); (Y.-X.Y.)
| | - Zhao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China; (Z.C.); (W.-Y.G.)
| | - Wu-Yingzheng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China; (Z.C.); (W.-Y.G.)
| | - Wen-Chao Yang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Huaihua University, Huaihua 418008, China; (Y.-X.L.); (D.-T.X.); (Y.-X.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China; (Z.C.); (W.-Y.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-27-67867706; Fax: +86-27-67867141
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Srivastava P, Tavernaro I, Genger C, Welker P, Hübner O, Resch-Genger U. Multicolor Polystyrene Nanosensors for the Monitoring of Acidic, Neutral, and Basic pH Values and Cellular Uptake Studies. Anal Chem 2022; 94:9656-9664. [PMID: 35731967 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A first tricolor fluorescent pH nanosensor is presented, which was rationally designed from biocompatible carboxylated polystyrene nanoparticles and two analyte-responsive molecular fluorophores. Its fabrication involved particle staining with a blue-red-emissive dyad, consisting of a rhodamine moiety responsive to acidic pH values and a pH-inert quinoline fluorophore, followed by the covalent attachment of a fluorescein dye to the particle surface that signals neutral and basic pH values with a green fluorescence. These sensor particles change their fluorescence from blue to red and green, depending on the pH and excitation wavelength, and enable ratiometric pH measurements in the pH range of 3.0-9.0. The localization of the different sensor dyes in the particle core and at the particle surface was confirmed with fluorescence microscopy utilizing analogously prepared polystyrene microparticles. To show the application potential of these polystyrene-based multicolor sensor particles, fluorescence microscopy studies with a human A549 cell line were performed, which revealed the cellular uptake of the pH nanosensor and the differently colored emissions in different cell organelles, that is, compartments of the endosomal-lysosomal pathway. Our results demonstrate the underexplored potential of biocompatible polystyrene particles for multicolor and multianalyte sensing and bioimaging utilizing hydrophobic and/or hydrophilic stimuli-responsive luminophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Srivastava
- Division Biophotonics, Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Isabella Tavernaro
- Division Biophotonics, Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia Genger
- nanoPET Pharma GmbH, Robert-Koch-Platz 4, Luisencarée, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Pia Welker
- nanoPET Pharma GmbH, Robert-Koch-Platz 4, Luisencarée, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Oskar Hübner
- Division Biophotonics, Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ute Resch-Genger
- Division Biophotonics, Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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11
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Morsby JJ, Smith BD. Advances in Optical Sensors of N-Acetyl-β-d-hexosaminidase ( N-Acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase). Bioconjug Chem 2022; 33:544-554. [PMID: 35302753 PMCID: PMC9870670 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.2c00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
N-Acetyl-β-d-hexosaminidases (EC 3.2.1.52) are exo-acting glycosyl hydrolases that remove N-acetyl-β-d-glucosamine (Glc-NAc) or N-acetyl-β-d-galactosamine (Gal-NAc) from the nonreducing ends of various biomolecules including oligosaccharides, glycoproteins, and glycolipids. The same enzymes are sometimes called N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidases, and this review article employs the shorthand descriptor HEX(NAG) to indicate that the terms HEX or NAG are used interchangeably in the literature. The wide distribution of HEX(NAG) throughout the biosphere and its intracellular location in lysosomes combine to make it an important enzyme in food science, agriculture, cell biology, medical diagnostics, and chemotherapy. For more than 50 years, researchers have employed chromogenic derivatives of N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminide in basic assays for biomedical research and clinical chemistry. Recent conceptual and synthetic innovations in molecular fluorescence sensors, along with concurrent technical improvements in instrumentation, have produced a growing number of new fluorescent imaging and diagnostics methods. A systematic summary of the recent advances in optical sensors for HEX(NAG) is provided under the following headings: assessing kidney health, detection and treatment of infectious disease, fluorescence imaging of cancer, treatment of lysosomal disorders, and reactive probes for chemical biology. The article concludes with some comments on likely future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bradley D. Smith
- Corresponding Author: Bradley D. Smith - Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
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Zhang X, Su SY, Chen XT, Shen LY, Zhang QL, Ni XL, Xu H, Wang ZY, Redshaw C. A New Cationic Fluorescent Probe for HSO 3- Based on Bisulfite Induced Aggregation Self-Assembly. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27082378. [PMID: 35458575 PMCID: PMC9033099 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In comparison with the numerous studies that have centered on developing molecular frameworks for the functionalization of fluorescent materials, less research has addressed the influence of the side chains, despite such appendages contributing significantly to the properties and applications of fluorescent materials. In this work, a new series of cationic fluorescent probes with AIE characteristics have been developed, which exhibit unique sensitivity for charge-diffusion anions, namely HSO3−, via the interactions of ions and the cooperation of the controllable hydrophobicity. The impact of the alkyl chain length attached at the cationic probes suggested that the fluorescent intensity and sensitivity of the probes could be partially enhanced by adjusting their aggregation tendency through the action of the hydrophobic effect under aqueous conditions. DLS and SEM images indicated that different particle sizes and new morphologies of the probes were formed in the anion-recognition-triggered self-assembly process, which could be attributed to the composite effect of electrostatic actions, Van der Waals forces and π-π stacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China; (X.Z.); (X.-T.C.); (L.-Y.S.); (H.X.)
| | - Shao-Yuan Su
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China;
| | - Xuan-Ting Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China; (X.Z.); (X.-T.C.); (L.-Y.S.); (H.X.)
| | - Ling-Yi Shen
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China; (X.Z.); (X.-T.C.); (L.-Y.S.); (H.X.)
| | - Qi-Long Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China; (X.Z.); (X.-T.C.); (L.-Y.S.); (H.X.)
- Correspondence: (Q.-L.Z.); (X.-L.N.); (Z.-Y.W.)
| | - Xin-Long Ni
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China;
- Correspondence: (Q.-L.Z.); (X.-L.N.); (Z.-Y.W.)
| | - Hong Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China; (X.Z.); (X.-T.C.); (L.-Y.S.); (H.X.)
| | - Zhi-Yong Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China; (X.Z.); (X.-T.C.); (L.-Y.S.); (H.X.)
- Correspondence: (Q.-L.Z.); (X.-L.N.); (Z.-Y.W.)
| | - Carl Redshaw
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, UK;
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13
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Sveistyte A, Miller CJ, Brandvold KR, Wright AT. Bile salt hydrolase profiling by fluorogenic probes in the human gut microbiome. Methods Enzymol 2022; 664:243-265. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2021.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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14
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Ponomariov M, Shabat D, Green O. Universal Access to Protease Chemiluminescent Probes through Solid-Phase Synthesis. Bioconjug Chem 2021; 32:2134-2140. [PMID: 34549945 PMCID: PMC8532118 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.1c00384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
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Protease
chemiluminescent probes exhibit extremely high detection
sensitivity for monitoring activity of various proteolytic enzymes.
However, their synthesis, performed in solution, involves multiple
synthetic and purification steps, thereby generating a major limitation
for rapid preparation of such probes with diverse substrate scope.
To overcome this limitation, we developed a general solid-phase-synthetic
approach to prepare chemiluminescent protease probes, by peptide elongation,
performed on an immobilized chemiluminescent enol-ether precursor.
The enol-ether precursor is immobilized on a 2-chlorotrityl-chloride
resin through an acrylic acid substituent by an acid-labile ester
linkage. Next, a stepwise elongation of the peptide is performed using
standard Fmoc solid-phase peptide synthesis. After cleavage of the
peptide-enol-ether precursor from the resin, by hexafluoro-iso-propanol,
a simple oxidation of the enol-ether yields the final chemiluminescent
dioxetane protease probe. To validate the applicability of the methodology,
two chemiluminescent probes were efficiently prepared by solid-phase
synthesis with dipeptidyl substrates designed for activation by aminopeptidase
and cathepsin-B proteases. A more complex example was demonstrated
by the synthesis of a chemiluminescent probe for detection of PSA,
which includes a peptidyl substrate of six amino acids. We anticipate
that the described methodology would be useful for rapid preparation
of chemiluminescent protease probes with vast and diverse peptidyl
substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ponomariov
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Doron Shabat
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Ori Green
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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15
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Wang DW, Yu SY, Pang ZL, Ma DJ, Liang L, Wang X, Wei T, Yang HZ, Ma YQ, Xi Z. Discovery of a Broad-Spectrum Fluorogenic Agonist for Strigolactone Receptors through a Computational Approach. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:10486-10495. [PMID: 34478295 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c03471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are plant hormones that play various roles in plant physiology, including provoking the germination of parasitic weeds Orobanche and Striga. A family of α/β-hydrolases have been proposed to be the SL receptor proteins. Effective assays for measuring the activity of SL receptors could promote the development of SL-related biology and chemistry. In this study, we developed a new approach called pharmacophore-linked probe virtual screening (PPVS). Its application yielded an effective "off-on" probe named Xilatone Red (XLR). This probe showed a broad spectrum and excellent sensitivity toward SL receptors, including ShD14 (Striga D14), for which the detection limit was determined to be in the micromolar range, outperforming that of the commercial fluorogenic agonist Yoshimulactone Green (YLG). Upon hydrolysis by SL receptors, XLR provided fluorogenic and colorimetric signaling responses. Furthermore, XLR could induce germination of Phelipanche aegyptiaca seeds and prevent Arabidopsis max4-1 branching defects at micromolar concentrations. Our molecular simulations revealed the essential factors in the molecular perception of XLR. We anticipate that this study can prompt the discovery of high-performance SL agonists/antagonists to combat parasitic weeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemical Biology, National Pesticide Engineering Research Center, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Yi Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemical Biology, National Pesticide Engineering Research Center, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Li Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemical Biology, National Pesticide Engineering Research Center, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - De-Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemical Biology, National Pesticide Engineering Research Center, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Lu Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemical Biology, National Pesticide Engineering Research Center, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Xia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemical Biology, National Pesticide Engineering Research Center, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Tao Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemical Biology, National Pesticide Engineering Research Center, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Huang-Ze Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemical Biology, National Pesticide Engineering Research Center, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Qing Ma
- The State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemical Biology, National Pesticide Engineering Research Center, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
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