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Siswomihardjo W, Ana ID, Ardhani R. Fabrication of strontium ions substituted hydroxyapatite from the shells of the golden apple snail (Pomacea canaliculate L) with enhanced osteoconductive and improved biological properties. Dent Mater J 2024; 43:643-655. [PMID: 39198176 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2023-246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
The use of biogenic calcium ions for the source of hydroxyapatite (HAp or HA) are very common and have been being explored extensively. However, it usually results high crystalline HA, due to high reaction and decomposition temperatures. In this study, strontium (Sr2+) doped HA from the golden apple snail shells (Pomacea canaliculate L) was successfully synthesized. It was indicated that Sr ions completely replaced calcium (Ca) ions, increased the lattice constant, and consecutively reduced HA crystallinity. Smaller crystal size and β-type carbonate (CO32-) ions substitution with Ca/P close to 1.67 molar ratio that mimic bone crystals were observed in Sr-doped HA, with significant increased rate of MC3T3-E1 cells viability and higher IC50 values. It was proven that Sr ions substitution resolved challenges on the use of biogenic sources for HA fabrication. Further in vivo study is needed to continue to valorise the results into real biomedical and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Widowati Siswomihardjo
- Postgraduate Program of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada
| | - Ika Dewi Ana
- Department of Dental Biomedical Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada
- Research Collaboration Center for Biomedical Scaffolds, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) and Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM)
| | - Retno Ardhani
- Department of Dental Biomedical Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada
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2
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Kareem Z, Eyiler E. Synthesis of hydroxyapatite from eggshells via wet chemical precipitation: a review. RSC Adv 2024; 14:21439-21452. [PMID: 38979446 PMCID: PMC11228757 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra02198c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
In conjunction with the global trend towards sustainable industry, this review provides a summary of the research endeavors and efforts made in the field of exploiting eggshells in the production of hydroxyapatite (HA). HA is one of the most used biomaterials and has attracted considerable attention over the years towards biomedical applications. As the traditional production of HA from calcium and phosphorus chemical precursors synthetically has bottlenecks of being expensive, complex, time consuming, and results in a low biocompatible product, natural resources have become an attractive alternative option to synthesize HA, with trace elements providing a higher performance. Eggshell, with a growing production annually, is potentially a promising natural resource for HA production. Many studies have used different wet chemical precipitation routes to produce HA with properties comparable to synthetic HA. Thus, this review provides an overview of the various routes that can be used to synthesize HA from eggshells. In this review, the synthesis of HA from eggshells via wet chemical precipitation methods is specifically discussed in term of synthesis parameters and properties of the synthesized HA. This review should aid in choosing the most suitable route for HA production with the optimum parameters for obtaining the desired properties to meet the requirements of biomedical applications such as tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaid Kareem
- Prosthetics and Orthotics Engineering Department, University of Kerbala Iraq
- Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology Department, Cukurova University Adana Turkey
| | - Ersan Eyiler
- Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology Department, Cukurova University Adana Turkey
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Cukurova University Adana Turkey
- Tissue Engineering Department, Cukurova University Adana Turkey
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3
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Okpe PC, Folorunso O, Aigbodion VS, Obayi C. Hydroxyapatite synthesis and characterization from waste animal bones and natural sources for biomedical applications. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2024; 112:e35440. [PMID: 38923882 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Hydroxyapatites (HAps) synthesized from waste animal bones have recently gained attention due to their outstanding properties. This is because there is a need to fabricate scaffolds with desirable mechanical strength, ability to withstand high temperatures, and insoluble in solvents such as water, acetone, ethanol, and isopropyl alcohol. This study is an extensive summary of many articles on the routes of synthesis/preparation of HAp, and the optimum processing parameter, and the biomedical application areas, such as: drug administration, dental implants, bone tissue engineering, orthopedic implant coatings, and tissue regeneration/wound healing. A broad catalog of the synthesis methods (and combination methods), temperature/time, shape/size, and the calcium-to-phosphorous (Ca/P) value of diverse waste animal bone sources were reported. The alkaline hydrolysis method is proposed to be suitable for synthesizing HAp from natural sources due to the technique's ability to produce intrinsic HAp. The method is also preferred to the calcination method owing to the phase transformation that takes place at high temperatures during calcinations. However, calcinations aid in removing impurities and germs during heating at high temperatures. When compared to calcination technique, alkaline hydrolysis method results in crystalline HAp; the higher degree of crystallinity is disadvantageous to HAp bioactivity. In addition, the standardization and removal of impurities and contaminants, thorough biocompatibility to ensure clinical safety of the HAp to the human body, and improvement of the mechanical strength and toughness to match specific requirements for the various biomedical applications are the important areas for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Promise Chinonso Okpe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Federal University of Allied Health Sciences, Enugu, Nigeria
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Oladipo Folorunso
- Chemical, Metallurgical, and Materials Engineering Department, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa
- French South African Institute of Technology (F'SATI)/Department of Electrical Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Victor Sunday Aigbodion
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
- Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of Johannesburg, P. O. Box 534, Auckland Park, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Camillus Obayi
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
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Kawsar M, Sahadat Hossain M, Alam MK, Bahadur NM, Shaikh MAA, Ahmed S. Synthesis of pure and doped nano-calcium phosphates using different conventional methods for biomedical applications: a review. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:3376-3391. [PMID: 38506117 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02846a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
The applications of calcium phosphates (hydroxyapatite, tetracalcium phosphate, tricalcium phosphate (alpha and beta), fluorapatite, di-calcium phosphate anhydrous, and amorphous calcium-phosphate) are increasing day by day. Calcium hydroxyapatite, commonly known as hydroxyapatite (HAp), represents a mineral form of calcium apatite. Owing to its close molecular resemblance to the mineral constituents of bones, teeth, and hard tissues, HAp is often employed in the biomedical domain. In addition, it is extensively employed in various sectors such as the remediation of water, air, and soil pollution. The key advantage of HAp lies in its potential to accommodate a wide variety of anionic and cationic substitutions. Nevertheless, HAp and tricalcium phosphate (TCP) syntheses typically involve the use of chemical precursors containing calcium and phosphorus sources and employ diverse techniques, such as solid-state, wet, and thermal methods or a combination of these processes. Researchers are increasingly favoring natural sources such as bio-waste (eggshells, oyster shells, animal bones, fish scales, etc.) as viable options for synthesizing HAp. Interestingly, the synthesis route significantly influences the morphology, size, and crystalline phase of calcium phosphates. In this review paper, we highlight both dry and wet methods, which include six commonly used synthesis methods (i.e. solid-state, mechano-chemical, wet-chemical precipitation, hydrolysis, sol-gel, and hydrothermal methods) coupled with the variation in source materials and their influence in modifying the structural morphology from a bulky state to nanoscale to explore the applications of multifunctional calcium phosphates in different formats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Kawsar
- Glass Research Division, Institute of Glass & Ceramic Research and Testing, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh.
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Md Sahadat Hossain
- Glass Research Division, Institute of Glass & Ceramic Research and Testing, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Kawcher Alam
- Glass Research Division, Institute of Glass & Ceramic Research and Testing, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh.
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Newaz Mohammed Bahadur
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Md Aftab Ali Shaikh
- Glass Research Division, Institute of Glass & Ceramic Research and Testing, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh.
| | - Samina Ahmed
- Glass Research Division, Institute of Glass & Ceramic Research and Testing, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh.
- BCSIR Dhaka Laboratories, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh
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Fernández-Penas R, Verdugo-Escamilla C, Triunfo C, Gärtner S, D'Urso A, Oltolina F, Follenzi A, Maoloni G, Cölfen H, Falini G, Gómez-Morales J. A sustainable one-pot method to transform seashell waste calcium carbonate to osteoinductive hydroxyapatite micro-nanoparticles. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:7766-7777. [PMID: 37476854 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb00856h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a straightforward, one-pot, low-temperature hydrothermal method to transform oyster shell waste particles (bCCP) from the species Crassostrea gigas (Mg-calcite, 5 wt% Mg) into hydroxyapatite (HA) micro/nanoparticles. The influence of the P reagents (H3PO4, KH2PO4, and K2HPO4), P/bCCP molar ratios (0.24, 0.6, and 0.96), digestion temperatures (25-200 °C), and digestion times (1 week-2 months) on the transformation process was thoroughly investigated. At 1 week, the minimum temperature to yield the full transformation significantly reduced from 160 °C to 120 °C when using K2HPO4 instead of KH2PO4 at a P/bCCP ratio of 0.6, and even to 80 °C at a P/bCCP ratio of 0.96. The transformation took place via a dissolution-reprecipitation mechanism driven by the favorable balance between HA precipitation and bCCP dissolution, due to the lower solubility product of HA than that of calcite at any of the tested temperatures. Both the bCCP and the derived HA particles were cytocompatible for MG-63 human osteosarcoma cells and m17.ASC murine mesenchymal stem cells, and additionally, they promoted the osteogenic differentiation of m17.ASC, especially the HA particles. Because of their physicochemical features and biological compatibility, both particles could be useful osteoinductive platforms for translational applications in bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Fernández-Penas
- Laboratorio de Estudios Cristalográficos, IACT (CSIC-UGR), Avda. Las Palmeras, no 4, 18100 Armilla, Spain.
| | | | - Carla Triunfo
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, via F. Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies, viale Adriatico 1/N, 61032 Fano, Italy
| | - Stefanie Gärtner
- Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, Box 714, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Annarita D'Urso
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università del Piemonte Orientale, A. Avogadro" Via Solaroli, 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Francesca Oltolina
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università del Piemonte Orientale, A. Avogadro" Via Solaroli, 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Antonia Follenzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università del Piemonte Orientale, A. Avogadro" Via Solaroli, 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Gabriele Maoloni
- Plant Ascoli Piceno, Finproject S.p.A., 3100 Ascoli Piceno, Italy
| | - Helmut Cölfen
- Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, Box 714, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Giuseppe Falini
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, via F. Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Jaime Gómez-Morales
- Laboratorio de Estudios Cristalográficos, IACT (CSIC-UGR), Avda. Las Palmeras, no 4, 18100 Armilla, Spain.
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Acharjee D, Mandal S, Samanta SK, Roy M, Kundu B, Roy S, Basak P, Nandi SK. In Vitro and In Vivo Bone Regeneration Assessment of Titanium-Doped Waste Eggshell-Derived Hydroxyapatite in the Animal Model. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:4673-4685. [PMID: 37399249 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a titanium-doped hydroxyapatite (HAp) scaffold was produced from two different sources (natural eggshell and laboratory-grade reagents) to compare the efficacy of natural and synthetic resources of HAp materials on new bone regeneration. This comparative study also reports the effect of Ti doping on the physical, mechanical, and in vitro as well as in vivo biological properties of the HAp scaffold. Pellets were prepared in the conventional powder metallurgy route, compacted, and sintered at 900 °C, showing sufficient porosity for bony ingrowth. The physical-mechanical characterizations were performed by density, porosity evaluation, XRD, FTIR, SEM analysis, and hardness measurement. In vitro interactions were evaluated by bactericidal assay, hemolysis, MTT assay, and interaction with simulated body fluid. All categories of pellets showed absolute nonhemolytic and nontoxic character. Furthermore, significant apatite formation was observed on the Ti-doped HAp samples in the simulated body fluid immersion study. The developed porous pellets were implanted to assess the bone defect healing in the femoral condyle of healthy rabbits. A 2 month study after implantation showed no marked inflammatory reaction for any samples. Radiological analysis, histological analysis, SEM analysis, and oxytetracycline labeling studies depicted better invasion of mature osseous tissue in the pores of doped eggshell-derived HAp scaffolds as compared to the undoped HAp, and laboratory-made samples. Quantification using oxytetracycline labeling depicted 59.31 ± 1.89% new bone formation for Ti-doped eggshell HAp as compared to Ti-doped pure HAp (54.41 ± 1.93) and other undoped samples. Histological studies showed the presence of abundant osteoblastic and osteoclastic cells in Ti-doped eggshell HAp in contrast to other samples. Radiological and SEM data also showed similar results. The results indicated that Ti-doped biosourced HAp samples have good biocompatibility, new bone-forming ability, and could be used as a bone grafting material in orthopedic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Acharjee
- School of Bioscience & Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Santanu Mandal
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology- Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Sujan Krishna Samanta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Netaji Subhash Engineering College, Kolkata 700152, India
| | - Mangal Roy
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology- Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Biswanath Kundu
- Department of Bioceramic and Coating Division, CSIR-Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Sukumar Roy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Netaji Subhash Engineering College, Kolkata 700152, India
| | - Piyali Basak
- School of Bioscience & Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Samit K Nandi
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata 700037, India
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7
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Said HA, Mabroum H, Lahcini M, Oudadesse H, Barroug A, Youcef HB, Noukrati H. Manufacturing methods, properties, and potential applications in bone tissue regeneration of hydroxyapatite-chitosan biocomposites: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125150. [PMID: 37285882 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxyapatite (HA) and chitosan (CS) biopolymer are the major materials investigated for biomedical purposes. Both of these components play an important role in the orthopedic field as bone substitutes or drug release systems. Used separately, the hydroxyapatite is quite fragile, while CS mechanical strength is very weak. Therefore, a combination of HA and CS polymer is used, which provides excellent mechanical performance with high biocompatibility and biomimetic capacity. Moreover, the porous structure and reactivity of the hydroxyapatite-chitosan (HA-CS) composite allow their application not only as a bone repair but also as a drug delivery system providing controlled drug release directly to the bone site. These features make biomimetic HA-CS composite a subject of interest for many researchers. Through this review, we provide the important recent achievements in the development of HA-CS composites, focusing on manufacturing techniques, conventional and novel three-dimensional bioprinting technology, and physicochemical and biological properties. The drug delivery properties and the most relevant biomedical applications of the HA-CS composite scaffolds are also presented. Finally, alternative approaches are proposed to develop HA composites with the aim to improve their physicochemical, mechanical, and biological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ait Said
- Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), High Throughput Multidisciplinary Research laboratory (HTMR-Lab), 43150 Benguerir, Morocco; Cadi Ayyad University, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia (SCIMATOP), Bd Prince My Abdellah, BP 2390, 40000 Marrakech, Morocco
| | - H Mabroum
- Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Faculty of Medical Sciences (FMS), High Institute of Biological and Paramedical Sciences, ISSB-P, Morocco
| | - M Lahcini
- Cadi Ayyad University, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, IMED Lab, 40000 Marrakech, Morocco
| | - H Oudadesse
- University of Rennes1, ISCR-UMR, 6226 Rennes, France
| | - A Barroug
- Cadi Ayyad University, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia (SCIMATOP), Bd Prince My Abdellah, BP 2390, 40000 Marrakech, Morocco; Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Faculty of Medical Sciences (FMS), High Institute of Biological and Paramedical Sciences, ISSB-P, Morocco
| | - H Ben Youcef
- Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), High Throughput Multidisciplinary Research laboratory (HTMR-Lab), 43150 Benguerir, Morocco.
| | - H Noukrati
- Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Faculty of Medical Sciences (FMS), High Institute of Biological and Paramedical Sciences, ISSB-P, Morocco.
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Cheng M, Liu M, Chang L, Liu Q, Wang C, Hu L, Zhang Z, Ding W, Chen L, Guo S, Qi Z, Pan P, Chen J. Overview of structure, function and integrated utilization of marine shell. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 870:161950. [PMID: 36740075 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Marine shell resources have received great attention from researchers owing to their unique merits such as high hardness, good toughness, corrosion resistance, high adsorption, and bioactivity. Restricted by the level of comprehensive utilization technology, the utilization rate of shells is extremely low, resulting in serious waste and pollution. The research shows that the unique brick-mud structure of shells makes them have diverse and good functional characteristics, which guides them to have great utilization potential in different fields. Hence, this review highlights the constitutive relationship between microstructure-function-application of shells (e.g., gastropods, cephalopods, and amniotes), and the comprehensive applications and development ideas in the fields of biomedicine, adsorption enrichment, pHotocatalysis, marine carbon sink, and environmental deicer. It is worth mentioning that marine shells are currently well developed in three areas: bone repair, health care and medicinal value, and drug carrier, which together promote the progress of biomedical field. In addition, an in-depth summary of the application of marine shells in the adsorption and purification of various impurities such as crude oil, heavy metal ions and dyes at low-cost and high efficiency is presented. Finally, by integrating thoughts and approaches from different applications, we are committed to providing new pathways for the excavation and future high-value of shell resources, clarifying the existing development stages and bottlenecks, promoting the development of related technology industries, and achieving the synergistic win-win situation of economic and environmental benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqi Cheng
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Man Liu
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Lirong Chang
- Weihai Changqing Ocean Science Technology Co., Ltd., Rongcheng 264300, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Chunxiao Wang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Le Hu
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Ziyue Zhang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Wanying Ding
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Li Chen
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Sihan Guo
- Business School, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Zhi Qi
- Business School, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Panpan Pan
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; Weihai Changqing Ocean Science Technology Co., Ltd., Rongcheng 264300, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan 430022, China.
| | - Jingdi Chen
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing, Yantai 265599, China.
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9
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Rathnayake A, Hettithanthri O, Sandanayake S, Mahatantila K, Rajapaksha AU, Vithanage M. Essence of hydroxyapatite in defluoridation of drinking water: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 311:119882. [PMID: 35934148 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxyapatite (HAP) is an easily synthesizable, low-cost mineral that has been recognized as a potential material for fluoride removal. Some of the synthesis methods of HAP are quite straightforward and cost-effective, while some require sophisticated synthesis techniques under advanced laboratory conditions. This review assesses the physicochemical characteristics of HAP and HAP-based composites produced via various techniques, their recent development in defluoridation and most importantly, the fluoride removal performances. For the first time, fluoride removal performances of HAP and HAP composites are compared based on partition coefficient (KD) instead of maximum adsorption capacity (Qmax), which is significantly influenced by initial loading concentrations. Novel HAP tailored composites exhibit comparatively high KD values indicating the excellent capability of fluoride removal along with specific surface areas above 120 m2/g. HAP doped with aluminium complexes, HAP doped ceramic beads, HAP-pectin nanocomposite and HAP-stilbite nanocomposite, HAP decorated nanotubes, nanowires and nanosheets demonstrated high Qmax and KD. The secret of HAP is not the excellent fluoride removal performances but best removal at neutral and near-neutral pH, which most of the defluoridation materials are incapable of, making them ideal adsorbents for drinking water treatment. Multiple mechanisms including physical surface adsorption, ion-exchange, and electrostatic interactions are the main mechanisms involved in defluoridation. Further research work must be focused on upscaling HAP-based composites for defluoridation on a commercial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anushka Rathnayake
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Center, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka; Institute of Chemistry Ceylon, Adamantane House, Rajagiriya, Sri Lanka
| | - Oshadi Hettithanthri
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Center, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Sandun Sandanayake
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Center, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Kushani Mahatantila
- Chemical and Microbiological Laboratory, Industrial Technology Institute, Colombo 7, Sri Lanka
| | - Anushka Upamali Rajapaksha
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Center, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Meththika Vithanage
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Center, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka; The Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA6009, Australia; Sustainability Cluster, School of Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Uttarakhand, 248007, India.
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10
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Mehnath S, Muthuraj V, Jeyaraj M. Biomimetic and osteogenic natural HAP coated three dimensional implant for orthopaedic application. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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11
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Arokiasamy P, Al Bakri Abdullah MM, Abd Rahim SZ, Luhar S, Sandu AV, Jamil NH, Nabiałek M. Synthesis methods of hydroxyapatite from natural sources: A review. CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL 2022; 48:14959-14979. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2022.03.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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12
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Tchoffo R, Ngassa GBP, Doungmo G, Kamdem AT, Tonlé IK, Ngameni E. Surface functionalization of natural hydroxyapatite by polymerization of β-cyclodextrin: application as electrode material for the electrochemical detection of Pb(II). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:222-235. [PMID: 34342829 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15578-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A composite material prepared by polymerization of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) on the surface of natural hydroxyapatite using citric acid as cross linker, was employed as electrode material for the detection of Pb(II). Hydroxyapatite was obtained from bovine bones, following a three-step procedure including pre-calcination, chemical treatment with (NH4)2HPO4, and calcination. The structure and morphology of the pristine hydroxyapatite (NHAPP0.5) and its functionalized counterpart (NHAPp0.5-CA-β-CD) were examined using XRD, FTIR, and SEM. Upon deposition as thin film on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE), the ion exchange ability of NHAPp0.5-CA-β-CD was exploited to elaborate a sensitive sensor for the detection of lead. The electroanalytical procedure was based on the chemical accumulation of Pb(II) ions under open-circuit conditions, followed by the detection of the preconcentrated species using differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry. The reproducibility of the proposed method, based on a series of 8 measurements in a solution containing 2 μM Pb(II) gave a coefficient of variation of 1.27%. Significant parameters that can affect the stripping response of Pb(II) were optimized, leading to a linear calibration curve for lead in the concentration range of 2 × 10-8 mol L-1 - 20 × 10-8 mol L-1 (R2 = 0.998). The detection limit (3S/m) and the sensitivity of the proposed sensor were 5.06 × 10-10 mol L-1 and 100.80 μA.μM-1, respectively. The interfering effect of several ions expected to affect the determination of lead was evaluated, and the proposed sensor was successfully applied in the determination of Pb(II) ions in spring water, well water, river water and tap water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigue Tchoffo
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of Yaounde 1, P.O. Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Guy B P Ngassa
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of Yaounde 1, P.O. Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Douala, P.O. Box 24157, Douala, Cameroon.
| | - Giscard Doungmo
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Max-Eyth-Straβe 2, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Arnaud T Kamdem
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), University of Freiburg, Stefan Meier Strasse 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ignas K Tonlé
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of Yaounde 1, P.O. Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon.
- Chemistry of Materials and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon.
| | - Emmanuel Ngameni
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of Yaounde 1, P.O. Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon
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Dumitrescu CR, Neacsu IA, Surdu VA, Nicoara AI, Iordache F, Trusca R, Ciocan LT, Ficai A, Andronescu E. Nano-Hydroxyapatite vs. Xenografts: Synthesis, Characterization, and In Vitro Behavior. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:2289. [PMID: 34578603 PMCID: PMC8469747 DOI: 10.3390/nano11092289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This research focused on the synthesis of apatite, starting from a natural biogenic calcium source (egg-shells) and its chemical and morpho-structural characterization in comparison with two commercial xenografts used as a bone substitute in dentistry. The synthesis route for the hydroxyapatite powder was the microwave-assisted hydrothermal technique, starting from annealed egg-shells as the precursor for lime and di-base ammonium phosphate as the phosphate precursor. The powders were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), and cytotoxicity assay in contact with amniotic fluid stem cell (AFSC) cultures. Compositional and structural similarities or differences between the powder synthesized from egg-shells (HA1) and the two commercial xenograft powders-Bio-Oss®, totally deproteinized cortical bovine bone, and Gen-Os®, partially deproteinized porcine bone-were revealed. The HA1 specimen presented a single mineral phase as polycrystalline apatite with a high crystallinity (Xc 0.92), a crystallite size of 43.73 nm, preferential growth under the c axes (002) direction, where it mineralizes in bone, a nano-rod particle morphology, and average lengths up to 77.29 nm and diameters up to 21.74 nm. The surface of the HA1 nanoparticles and internal mesopores (mean size of 3.3 ± 1.6 nm), acquired from high-pressure hydrothermal maturation, along with the precursor's nature, could be responsible for the improved biocompatibility, biomolecule adhesion, and osteoconductive abilities in bone substitute applications. The cytotoxicity assay showed a better AFSC cell viability for HA1 powder than the commercial xenografts did, similar oxidative stress to the control sample, and improved results compared with Gen-Os. The presented preliminary biocompatibility results are promising for bone tissue regeneration applications of HA1, and the study will continue with further tests on osteoblast differentiation and mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Rodica Dumitrescu
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (C.R.D.); (V.A.S.); (A.I.N.); (A.F.); (E.A.)
| | - Ionela Andreea Neacsu
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (C.R.D.); (V.A.S.); (A.I.N.); (A.F.); (E.A.)
- National Research Center for Micro and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Vasile Adrian Surdu
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (C.R.D.); (V.A.S.); (A.I.N.); (A.F.); (E.A.)
- National Research Center for Micro and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Adrian Ionut Nicoara
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (C.R.D.); (V.A.S.); (A.I.N.); (A.F.); (E.A.)
- National Research Center for Micro and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Florin Iordache
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agronomic Science and Veterinary Medicine, 011464 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Roxana Trusca
- National Research Center for Micro and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Lucian Toma Ciocan
- Prosthetics Technology and Dental Materials Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020022 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Anton Ficai
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (C.R.D.); (V.A.S.); (A.I.N.); (A.F.); (E.A.)
- National Research Center for Micro and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania;
- National Research Center for Food Safety, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ecaterina Andronescu
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (C.R.D.); (V.A.S.); (A.I.N.); (A.F.); (E.A.)
- National Research Center for Micro and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania;
- National Research Center for Food Safety, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
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Rial R, González-Durruthy M, Liu Z, Ruso JM. Advanced Materials Based on Nanosized Hydroxyapatite. Molecules 2021; 26:3190. [PMID: 34073479 PMCID: PMC8198166 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of new materials based on hydroxyapatite has undergone a great evolution in recent decades due to technological advances and development of computational techniques. The focus of this review is the various attempts to improve new hydroxyapatite-based materials. First, we comment on the most used processing routes, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages. We will now focus on other routes, less common due to their specificity and/or recent development. We also include a block dedicated to the impact of computational techniques in the development of these new systems, including: QSAR, DFT, Finite Elements of Machine Learning. In the following part we focus on the most innovative applications of these materials, ranging from medicine to new disciplines such as catalysis, environment, filtration, or energy. The review concludes with an outlook for possible new research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramón Rial
- Soft Matter and Molecular Biophysics Group, Department of Applied Physics, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (R.R.); (M.G.-D.)
| | - Michael González-Durruthy
- Soft Matter and Molecular Biophysics Group, Department of Applied Physics, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (R.R.); (M.G.-D.)
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department of Physics and Engineering, Frostburg State University, Frostburg, MD 21532, USA;
| | - Juan M. Ruso
- Soft Matter and Molecular Biophysics Group, Department of Applied Physics, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (R.R.); (M.G.-D.)
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Depci T, Oglakci M, Sezer S, Yücel A, Dogan T, Souadi G, Topaksu M, Can N. Characterization of thermoluminescence kinetic parameters of beta irradiated B doped Ca 5(PO 4) 3OH powder obtained from eggshell. Appl Radiat Isot 2021; 173:109738. [PMID: 33910130 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2021.109738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we have synthesized B doped Ca5(PO4)3OH (HAP) by a sonication chemical method. The thermoluminescence (TL) properties of the family of synthesized samples (B doped Ca5(PO4)3OH (HAP) were investigated using an IRSL-TL 565 nm filter. This gave the highest TL intensity of each phosphor after 2 Gy β-irradiation. Three TL glow peaks of B doped Ca5(PO4)3OH (HAP) are centered at around 84, 208 and 324 °C (with a heating rate of 2 °Cs-1). The trapping parameters such as activation energy (E), order of kinetics (b), frequency factor (s) were calculated by using initial rise (IR), various heating rates (VHR) and computerized glow curve deconvolution (CGCD) method. The response of TL glow curves remained constant within ±5% deviation from the initial value after 9 cycles of reuse; but only at tenth cycle the deviation goes up to 6%.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Depci
- The Graduate School of Engineering & Sciences, Iskenderun Technical University, Iskenderun, Hatay, Turkey
| | - M Oglakci
- Physics Department, Cukurova University, Arts-Sciences Faculty, 01330, Adana, Turkey
| | - S Sezer
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Chemistry, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - A Yücel
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Mining Engineering, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - T Dogan
- Cukurova University, Vocational School of Imamoglu, Department of Computer Technologies, 01700, Adana, Turkey
| | - G Souadi
- Physics Department, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114, 45142, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Topaksu
- Physics Department, Cukurova University, Arts-Sciences Faculty, 01330, Adana, Turkey
| | - N Can
- Physics Department, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114, 45142, Jazan, Saudi Arabia; Department of Physics, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Muradiye-Manisa, 45010, Turkey.
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16
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Zhou N, Zhang RJ, Liu BD, Cui B, Du ZL, Chen PF, Zhu BF, Lin C, Dong HT, Zhou WY, Liu YS. Effects of ultrasound on invasive golden mussel Limnoperna fortunei mortality and tissue lesions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 761:144134. [PMID: 33352347 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Biofouling by the invasive golden mussel Limnoperna fortunei deleteriously affects artificial water systems, but few effective, environmentally friendly antifouling strategies exist. We propose ultrasound for control of this invasive mussel and report minimum exposure times to kill juveniles and adults at ultrasonic powers ranging 300-600 W from a fixed distance of 8.5 cm. Analysis using a PMA + RT-qPCR assay revealed the formation of tissue lesions in response to ultrasound, with gill tissue more prone to injury than adductor muscle tissue. Shell microstructure determined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) + energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) is plywood-like, with a thicker shell and increased numbers of prism and nacre layers in adult mussels that provide greater resistance to ultrasound, reducing mortality and tissue lesions. Our results suggest L. fortunei biomass could be effectively reduced by ultrasound, especially for early life-history stages without, or with only immature shells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhou
- Research Center, Guangzhou Municipal Engineering Design & Research Institute, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Rui-Jian Zhang
- Research Center, Guangzhou Municipal Engineering Design & Research Institute, Guangzhou 510060, China.
| | - Bo-Dong Liu
- International Department, The Affiliated High School of South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Bin Cui
- Graduate School, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Zhi-Li Du
- Research Center, Guangzhou Municipal Engineering Design & Research Institute, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Peng-Fei Chen
- Research Center, Guangzhou Municipal Engineering Design & Research Institute, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Bin-Feng Zhu
- College of Urban and Rural Construction, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Chong Lin
- College of Urban and Rural Construction, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Hao-Tao Dong
- Research Center, Guangzhou Municipal Engineering Design & Research Institute, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Wu-Yang Zhou
- Research Center, Guangzhou Municipal Engineering Design & Research Institute, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Ying-Shi Liu
- Research Center, Guangzhou Municipal Engineering Design & Research Institute, Guangzhou 510060, China
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Cestari F, Agostinacchio F, Galotta A, Chemello G, Motta A, M. Sglavo V. Nano-Hydroxyapatite Derived from Biogenic and Bioinspired Calcium Carbonates: Synthesis and In Vitro Bioactivity. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:264. [PMID: 33498482 PMCID: PMC7909533 DOI: 10.3390/nano11020264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Biogenic calcium carbonates naturally contain ions that can be beneficial for bone regeneration and therefore are attractive resources for the production of bioactive calcium phosphates. In the present work, cuttlefish bones, mussel shells, chicken eggshells and bioinspired amorphous calcium carbonate were used to synthesize hydroxyapatite nano-powders which were consolidated into cylindrical pellets by uniaxial pressing and sintering 800-1100 °C. Mineralogical, structural and chemical composition were studied by SEM, XRD, inductively coupled plasma/optical emission spectroscopy (ICP/OES). The results show that the phase composition of the sintered materials depends on the Ca/P molar ratio and on the specific CaCO3 source, very likely associated with the presence of some doping elements like Mg2+ in eggshell and Sr2+ in cuttlebone. Different CaCO3 sources also resulted in variable densification and sintering temperature. Preliminary in vitro tests were carried out (by the LDH assay) and they did not reveal any cytotoxic effects, while good cell adhesion and proliferation was observed at day 1, 3 and 5 after seeding through confocal microscopy. Among the different tested materials, those derived from eggshells and sintered at 900 °C promoted the best cell adhesion pattern, while those from cuttlebone and amorphous calcium carbonate showed round-shaped cells and poorer cell-to-cell interconnection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Cestari
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy; (F.A.); (A.G.); (G.C.); (A.M.); (V.M.S.)
| | - Francesca Agostinacchio
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy; (F.A.); (A.G.); (G.C.); (A.M.); (V.M.S.)
- BIOTech Research Center, and European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Unit, University of Trento, via delle Regole 101, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Anna Galotta
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy; (F.A.); (A.G.); (G.C.); (A.M.); (V.M.S.)
| | - Giovanni Chemello
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy; (F.A.); (A.G.); (G.C.); (A.M.); (V.M.S.)
| | - Antonella Motta
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy; (F.A.); (A.G.); (G.C.); (A.M.); (V.M.S.)
- BIOTech Research Center, and European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Unit, University of Trento, via delle Regole 101, 38123 Trento, Italy
- INSTM, Via G. Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - Vincenzo M. Sglavo
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy; (F.A.); (A.G.); (G.C.); (A.M.); (V.M.S.)
- INSTM, Via G. Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy
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Owusu Asimeng B, Walter Afeke D, Kwason Tiburu E. Biomaterial for Bone and Dental Implants: Synthesis of B-Type Carbonated Hydroxyapatite from Biogenic Source. Biomaterials 2020. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.92256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
There are several sources from which hydroxyapatite (HAp) can be obtained and may be broadly categorized as synthetic or biogenic. Elevated interest in recent times has pushed for the development of several procedures for extracting HAp from biogenic wastes due to their excellent composition and morphology resemblance to the human calcified tissue (B-type carbonated HAp). Notable biogenic sources reported for HAp extraction span bovine bones, fish scales, corals, eggshells, and snails among other calcium-rich sources. However, most of the synthetic methods are laborious and therefore result in high production costs. In this chapter, we discuss the synthesis of B-type carbonate substituted HAp from an untapped biogenic source, Achatina achatina shells, using a simple precipitation method and a controlled heat-treatment method. This unique treatment method affected the substitution resulting in different crystallographic parameters and revealed a novel material for bone implants and enamel applications.
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Comparing Methods for Calculating Nano Crystal Size of Natural Hydroxyapatite Using X-Ray Diffraction. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10091627. [PMID: 32825139 PMCID: PMC7557758 DOI: 10.3390/nano10091627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We report on a comparison of methods based on XRD patterns for calculating crystal size. In this case, XRD peaks were extracted from hydroxyapatite obtained from cow, pig, and chicken bones. Hydroxyapatite was synthesized through the thermal treatment of natural bones at 950 °C. XRD patterns were selected by adjustment of X-Pert software for each method and for calculating the size of the crystals. Methods consisted of Scherrer (three models), Monshi-Scherrer, three models of Williamson-Hall (namely the Uniform Deformation Model (UDM), the Uniform Stress Deformation Model (USDM), and the Uniform Deformation Energy Density Model (UDEDM)), Halder-Wanger (H-W), and the Size Strain Plot Method (SSP). These methods have been used and compared together. The sizes of crystallites obtained by the XRD patterns in each method for hydroxyapatite from cow, pig, and chicken were 1371, 457, and 196 nm in the Scherrer method when considering all of the available peaks together (straight line model). A new model (straight line passing the origin) gave 60, 60, and 53 nm, which shows much improvement. The average model gave 56, 58, and 52 nm, for each of the three approaches, respectively, for cow, pig, and chicken. The Monshi-Scherrer method gave 60, 60, and 57 nm. Values of 56, 62, and 65 nm were given by the UDM method. The values calculated by the USDM method were 60, 62, and 62 nm. The values of 62, 62, and 65 nm were given by the UDEDM method for cow, pig, and chicken, respectively. Furthermore, the crystal size value was 4 nm for all samples in the H-W method. Values were also calculated as 43, 62, and 57 nm in the SSP method for cow, pig, and chicken tandemly. According to the comparison of values in each method, the Scherrer method (straight line model) for considering all peaks led to unreasonable values. Nevertheless, other values were in the acceptable range, similar to the reported values in the literature. Experimental analyses, such as specific surface area by gas adsorption (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET)) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), were utilized. In the final comparison, parameters of accuracy, ease of calculations, having a check point for the researcher, and difference between the obtained values and experimental analysis by BET and TEM were considered. The Monshi-Scherrer method provided ease of calculation and a decrease in errors by applying least squares to the linear plot. There is a check point for this line that the slope must not be far from one. Then, the intercept gives the most accurate crystal size. In this study, the setup of values for BET (56, 52, and 49 nm) was also similar to the Monshi-Scherrer method and the use of it in research studies of nanotechnology is advised.
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Scialla S, Carella F, Dapporto M, Sprio S, Piancastelli A, Palazzo B, Adamiano A, Degli Esposti L, Iafisco M, Piccirillo C. Mussel Shell-Derived Macroporous 3D Scaffold: Characterization and Optimization Study of a Bioceramic from the Circular Economy. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E309. [PMID: 32545532 PMCID: PMC7344406 DOI: 10.3390/md18060309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fish industry by-products constitute an interesting platform for the extraction and recovery of valuable compounds in a circular economy approach. Among them, mussel shells could provide a calcium-rich source for the synthesis of hydroxyapatite (HA) bioceramics. In this work, HA nanoparticles have been successfully synthesized starting from mussel shells (Mytilus edulis) with a two steps process based on thermal treatment to convert CaCO3 in CaO and subsequent wet precipitation with a phosphorus source. Several parameters were studied, such as the temperature and gaseous atmosphere of the thermal treatment as well as the use of two different phosphorus-containing reagents in the wet precipitation. Data have revealed that the characteristics of the powders can be tailored, changing the conditions of the process. In particular, the use of (NH4)2HPO4 as the phosphorus source led to HA nanoparticles with a high crystallinity degree, while smaller nanoparticles with a higher surface area were obtained when H3PO4 was employed. Further, a selected HA sample was synthesized at the pilot scale; then, it was employed to fabricate porous 3D scaffolds using the direct foaming method. A highly porous scaffold with open and interconnected porosity associated with good mechanical properties (i.e., porosity in the range 87-89%, pore size in the range 50-300 μm, and a compressive strength σ = 0.51 ± 0.14 MPa) suitable for bone replacement was achieved. These results suggest that mussel shell by-products are effectively usable for the development of compounds of high added value in the biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Scialla
- Institute of Nanotechnology (NANOTEC), National Research Council (CNR), Campus Ecoteckne, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
| | - Francesca Carella
- Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics (ISTEC), National Research Council (CNR), Via Granarolo 64, 48018 Faenza, Italy; (F.C.); (M.D.); (S.S.); (A.P.); (A.A.); (L.D.E.)
| | - Massimiliano Dapporto
- Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics (ISTEC), National Research Council (CNR), Via Granarolo 64, 48018 Faenza, Italy; (F.C.); (M.D.); (S.S.); (A.P.); (A.A.); (L.D.E.)
| | - Simone Sprio
- Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics (ISTEC), National Research Council (CNR), Via Granarolo 64, 48018 Faenza, Italy; (F.C.); (M.D.); (S.S.); (A.P.); (A.A.); (L.D.E.)
| | - Andreana Piancastelli
- Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics (ISTEC), National Research Council (CNR), Via Granarolo 64, 48018 Faenza, Italy; (F.C.); (M.D.); (S.S.); (A.P.); (A.A.); (L.D.E.)
| | - Barbara Palazzo
- Ghimas SpA, C/O Ditech S.c.a.r.l., Campus Ecotekne, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
| | - Alessio Adamiano
- Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics (ISTEC), National Research Council (CNR), Via Granarolo 64, 48018 Faenza, Italy; (F.C.); (M.D.); (S.S.); (A.P.); (A.A.); (L.D.E.)
| | - Lorenzo Degli Esposti
- Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics (ISTEC), National Research Council (CNR), Via Granarolo 64, 48018 Faenza, Italy; (F.C.); (M.D.); (S.S.); (A.P.); (A.A.); (L.D.E.)
| | - Michele Iafisco
- Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics (ISTEC), National Research Council (CNR), Via Granarolo 64, 48018 Faenza, Italy; (F.C.); (M.D.); (S.S.); (A.P.); (A.A.); (L.D.E.)
| | - Clara Piccirillo
- Institute of Nanotechnology (NANOTEC), National Research Council (CNR), Campus Ecoteckne, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
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Esmaeilkhanian A, Sharifianjazi F, Abouchenari A, Rouhani A, Parvin N, Irani M. Synthesis and Characterization of Natural Nano-hydroxyapatite Derived from Turkey Femur-Bone Waste. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 189:919-932. [PMID: 31144255 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-019-03046-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxyapatite (HAp) is a bioactive and vital material which has found many applications in the biomedical and clinical fields. This bio-ceramic powder can be synthesized via different bio-waste materials. In this study, the production of natural nanohydroxyapatite was produced through calcination of untreated turkey femur-bone waste powder at 850 °C followed by ball milling the powder. The obtained powder was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. The morphology, size, and elemental composition of obtained turkey hydroxyapatite (THA) particles were investigated by scanning electron microcopy (SEM), transmission electron microcopy (TEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis, in which the average particle size of ball milled THA was found to be about 85 nm with a Ca/P ratio of 1.63. The powder was then cold pressed and later sintered at 850, 950, 1050, and 1150 °C to evaluate its mechanical properties in terms of compressive strength and hardness. The results revealed that the strength and hardness of the samples increased by increasing the sintering temperature up to 1150 °C. Finally, the maximum values of hardness and compressive strength of the sintered THA were obtained at 1150 °C (37.44 MPa and 3.2 GPa, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fariborz Sharifianjazi
- Mining and Metallurgical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Aliasghar Abouchenari
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, 7618868366, Iran
| | - Amirreza Rouhani
- Department of Mechanical, Industrial & Aerospace Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Nader Parvin
- Mining and Metallurgical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Irani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
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22
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Mohd Pu'ad N, Koshy P, Abdullah H, Idris M, Lee T. Syntheses of hydroxyapatite from natural sources. Heliyon 2019; 5:e01588. [PMID: 31080905 PMCID: PMC6507053 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Waste materials from natural sources are important resources for extraction and recovery of valuable compounds. Transformation of these waste materials into valuable materials requires specific techniques and approaches. Hydroxyapatite (HAp) is a biomaterial that can be extracted from natural wastes. HAp has been widely used in biomedical applications owing to its excellent bioactivity, high biocompatibility, and excellent osteoconduction characteristics. Thus, HAp is gaining prominence for applications as orthopaedic implants and dental materials. This review summarizes some of the recent methods for extraction of HAp from natural sources including mammalian, aquatic or marine sources, shell sources, plants and algae, and from mineral sources. The extraction methods used to obtain hydroxyapatite are also described. The effect of extraction process and natural waste source on the critical properties of the HAp such as Ca/P ratio, crystallinity and phase assemblage, particle sizes, and morphology are discussed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- N.A.S. Mohd Pu'ad
- Department of Production and Operation Management, Faculty of Technology Management and Business, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400 Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia
| | - P. Koshy
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - H.Z. Abdullah
- Department of Materials Engineering and Design, Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400 Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia
| | - M.I. Idris
- Department of Materials Engineering and Design, Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400 Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia
| | - T.C. Lee
- Department of Production and Operation Management, Faculty of Technology Management and Business, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400 Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia
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23
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Influence of mechanochemical treatment on thermal and structural properties of silica–collagen and hydroxyapatite–collagen composites. ADSORPTION 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10450-019-00051-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Ferro AC, Guedes M. Mechanochemical synthesis of hydroxyapatite using cuttlefish bone and chicken eggshell as calcium precursors. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018; 97:124-140. [PMID: 30678898 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.11.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
This work explores the possibility of synthesising hydroxyapatite via mechanochemical route using biogenic calcium carbonate sources, namely calcite in chicken eggshell and aragonite in cuttlebone. The calcium source and orthophosphoric acid in ratio complying with Ca/P = 1.67 were submitted to high-energy ball milling with transferred energy values in the 1.6 to 123.0 kWh/g range, in the presence of 6.4 wt% water. Results show that increasing transferred energy results in CaCO3 → DCPD → HA reaction sequence when the used calcium source is cuttlebone, and in CaCO3 → DCPD → DCPA → HA when eggshell is used. The produced calcium orthophosphates exist in delimited energy transfer ranges; HA forms monophasic regions at the highest transferred energy ranges tested. 52.5 kWh/g is the minimum energy value for hydroxyapatite formation starting from eggshell, while only 6.2 kWh/g is required starting from cuttlebone. Calcium orthophosphate dimensionality depends on the supplied energy and on the starting CaCO3 polymorph, and includes nanospheres and nanoplates, and more complex flower-like geometries built from individual nanoparticles. Milling maps were built to systematise the effect of initial CaCO3 polymorph and transferred milling energy on the conditions for hydroxyapatite mechanochemical formation. Obtained results demonstrate the potential of chicken eggshell and cuttlefish bone as natural precursors to produce hydroxyapatite, and the ability of high-energy milling as the corresponding processing route. This indicates an opportunity window for the development of reliable, scalable, fast and cost-effective HA production method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto C Ferro
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, ULisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; CeFEMA, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mafalda Guedes
- DP2T and Department of Mechanical Engineering, Setúbal School of Technology, Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, 2910-761 Setúbal, Portugal; CeFEMA, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.
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25
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Strontium doped hydroxyapatite from Mercenaria clam shells: Synthesis, mechanical and bioactivity study. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2018; 90:328-336. [PMID: 30399562 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2018.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis of strontium-doped hydroxyapatite from Mercenaria clam shells has been carried out by hydrothermal method. The doping of bioceramic, processed from biogenic resources is mostly unexplored. The objective is to understand the effect of strontium (Sr) incorporation on phase stability, sintering behaviour, mechanical properties and cytotoxicity of hydroxyapatite (HAp) derived from clam shells. The different molar concentrations of Sr, varies from 10, 30, 50, 70% of Ca, were substituted into the HAp. The synthesized powders were sintered at 1200 °C in air. The as synthesized powders and sintered specimens were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy. The crystallite size and cell parameters of sintered specimens were analyzed from XRD. The XRD of hydrothermally synthesized powders mostly matched with HAp with slight shifting due to Sr doping. However, some distinct Sr based compounds were also observed where Sr substitution is more that 50% of Ca. The XRD of sintered specimen showed increasing β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) phase with Sr substitution. The sintered density of solid samples gradually increased from 3.04 g/cc to 3.50 g/cc and surface energy decreased with increasing Sr substitution. Similarly, microhardness, fracture toughness and nanohardness of solid samples found to be enhanced with Sr substitution. The elastic modulus gradually increased from 130 to 137 GPa for HAp and Sr substituted HAp (70% of Ca). The in vitro cytotoxicity of sintered specimen against mouse osteoblast cell line showed that all the samples were nontoxic. However cell proliferation found low for the solid samples containing more than 50% Sr substitution.
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Mitran V, Ion R, Miculescu F, Necula MG, Mocanu AC, Stan GE, Antoniac IV, Cimpean A. Osteoblast Cell Response to Naturally Derived Calcium Phosphate-Based Materials. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11071097. [PMID: 29954120 PMCID: PMC6073128 DOI: 10.3390/ma11071097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The demand of calcium phosphate bioceramics for biomedical applications is constantly increasing. Efficient and cost-effective production can be achieved using naturally derived materials. In this work, calcium phosphate powders, obtained from dolomitic marble and Mytilus galloprovincialis seashells by a previously reported and improved Rathje method were used to fabricate microporous pellets through cold isostatic pressing followed by sintering at 1200 °C. The interaction of the developed materials with MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts was explored in terms of cell adhesion, morphology, viability, proliferation, and differentiation to evaluate their potential for bone regeneration. Results showed appropriate cell adhesion and high viability without distinguishable differences in the morphological features. Likewise, the pre-osteoblast proliferation overtime on both naturally derived calcium phosphate materials showed a statistically significant increase comparable to that of commercial hydroxyapatite, used as reference material. Furthermore, evaluation of the intracellular alkaline phosphatase activity and collagen synthesis and deposition, used as markers of the osteogenic ability of these bioceramics, revealed that all samples promoted pre-osteoblast differentiation. However, a seashell-derived ceramic demonstrated a higher efficacy in inducing cell differentiation, almost equivalent to that of the commercial hydroxyapatite. Therefore, data obtained demonstrate that this naturally sourced calcium-phosphate material holds promise for applications in bone tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Mitran
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Spl. Independentei, 050095 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Raluca Ion
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Spl. Independentei, 050095 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Florin Miculescu
- Department of Metallic Materials Science, Physical Metallurgy, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, J Building, District 6, 060042 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Madalina Georgiana Necula
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Spl. Independentei, 050095 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Aura-Catalina Mocanu
- Department of Metallic Materials Science, Physical Metallurgy, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, J Building, District 6, 060042 Bucharest, Romania.
- S.C. Nuclear NDT Research & Services S.R.L, Department of Research, Development and Innovation, 104 Berceni Str., Central Laboratory Building, District 4, 041912 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - George E Stan
- National Institute of Materials Physics, Laboratory of Multifunctional Materials and Structures, Atomistilor Str., No. 405A P.O. Box MG 7, 077125 Măgurele-Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Iulian Vasile Antoniac
- Department of Metallic Materials Science, Physical Metallurgy, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, J Building, District 6, 060042 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Anisoara Cimpean
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Spl. Independentei, 050095 Bucharest, Romania.
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Szcześ A, Hołysz L, Chibowski E. Synthesis of hydroxyapatite for biomedical applications. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 249:321-330. [PMID: 28457501 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The current need for long lasting implants and bone substitutes characterized by biocompatibility, bioactivity and mechanical properties, without the immune rejection is a great challenge for scientists. These bone substitute structures should be prepared for individual patients with all details controlled on the micrometer level. Similarly, nontoxic, biocompatible targeted drug delivery systems which allow controlling the rate and time period of the drug delivery and simultaneously eliminating toxic and side effects on the healthy tissues, are of great interest. Extensive attempts have been made to develop a simple, efficient, and green method to form biofunctional scaffolds and implant coatings possessing the above mentioned significant biocompatibility, bioactivity and mechanical strength. Moreover, that could also serve as drug delivery systems. Hydroxyapatite (HA) which is a major mineral component of vertebrate bones and teeth is an excellent material for these purposes. In this literature review the biologically inspired scaffolds, bone substitutes, implants characterized by mechanical strength and biocompatibility, as well the drug delivery systems, based on hydroxyapatite are discussed.
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