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Wu P, Wang X, Yin M, Zhu W, Chen Z, Zhang Y, Jiang Z, Shi L, Zhu Q. ULK1 Mediated Autophagy-Promoting Effects of Rutin-Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles Contribute to the Activation of NF-κB Signaling Besides Inhibiting EMT in Hep3B Hepatoma Cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:4465-4493. [PMID: 38779103 PMCID: PMC11110815 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s443117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Liver cancer remains to be one of the leading causes of cancer worldwide. The treatment options face several challenges and nanomaterials have proven to improve the bioavailability of several drug candidates and their applications in nanomedicine. Specifically, chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) are extremely biodegradable, pose enhanced biocompatibility and are considered safe for use in medicine. Methods CNPs were synthesized by ionic gelation, loaded with rutin (rCNPs) and characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The rCNPs were tested for their cytotoxic effects on human hepatoma Hep3B cells, and experiments were conducted to determine the mechanism of such effects. Further, the biocompatibility of the rCNPs was tested on L929 fibroblasts, and their hemocompatibility was determined. Results Initially, UV-vis and FTIR analyses indicated the possible loading of rutin on rCNPs. Further, the rutin load was quantitatively measured using Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) and the concentration was 88 µg/mL for 0.22 micron filtered rCNPs. The drug loading capacity (LC%) of the rCNPs was observed to be 13.29 ± 0.68%, and encapsulation efficiency (EE%) was 19.55 ± 1.01%. The drug release was pH-responsive as 88.58% of the drug was released after 24 hrs at the lysosomal pH 5.5, whereas 91.44% of the drug was released at physiological pH 7.4 after 102 hrs. The cytotoxic effects were prominent in 0.22 micron filtered samples of 5 mg/mL rutin precursor. The particle size for the rCNPs at this concentration was 144.1 nm and the polydispersity index (PDI) was 0.244, which is deemed to be ideal for tumor targeting. A zeta potential (ζ-potential) value of 16.4 mV indicated rCNPs with good stability. The IC50 value for the cytotoxic effects of rCNPs on human hepatoma Hep3B cells was 9.7 ± 0.19 μg/mL of rutin load. In addition, the increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and changes in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were observed. Gene expression studies indicated that the mechanism for cytotoxic effects of rCNPs on Hep3B cells was due to the activation of Unc-51-like autophagy-activating kinase (ULK1) mediated autophagy and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling besides inhibiting the epithelial-mesenchymal Transition (EMT). In addition, the rCNPs were less toxic on NCTC clone 929 (L929) fibroblasts in comparison to the Hep3B cells and possessed excellent hemocompatibility (less than 2% of hemolysis). Conclusion The synthesized rCNPs were pH-responsive and possessed the physicochemical properties suitable for tumor targeting. The particles were effectively cytotoxic on Hep3B cells in comparison to normal cells and possessed excellent hemocompatibility. The very low hemolytic profile of rCNPs indicates that the drug could be administered intravenously for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wu
- Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyong Wang
- The People’s Hospital of Rugao, Nantong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Yin
- Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenjie Zhu
- Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zheng Chen
- Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ziyu Jiang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, People’s Republic of China
| | - Longqing Shi
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiang Zhu
- Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
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Ghaffari-Bohlouli P, Jafari H, Taebnia N, Abedi A, Amirsadeghi A, Niknezhad SV, Alimoradi H, Jafarzadeh S, Mirzaei M, Nie L, Zhang J, Varma RS, Shavandi A. Protein by-products: Composition, extraction, and biomedical applications. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:9436-9481. [PMID: 35546340 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2067829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Significant upsurge in animal by-products such as skin, bones, wool, hides, feathers, and fats has become a global challenge and, if not properly disposed of, can spread contamination and viral diseases. Animal by-products are rich in proteins, which can be used as nutritional, pharmacologically functional ingredients, and biomedical materials. Therefore, recycling these abundant and renewable by-products and extracting high value-added components from them is a sustainable approach to reclaim animal by-products while addressing scarce landfill resources. This article appraises the most recent studies conducted in the last five years on animal-derived proteins' separation and biomedical application. The effort encompasses an introduction about the composition, an overview of the extraction and purification methods, and the broad range of biomedical applications of these ensuing proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hafez Jafari
- 3BIO-BioMatter, Faculty of engineering, Free University of Brussels (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nayere Taebnia
- Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ali Abedi
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Armin Amirsadeghi
- Burn and Wound Healing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyyed Vahid Niknezhad
- Burn and Wound Healing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Houman Alimoradi
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Sina Jafarzadeh
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mahta Mirzaei
- 3BIO-BioMatter, Faculty of engineering, Free University of Brussels (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lei Nie
- 3BIO-BioMatter, Faculty of engineering, Free University of Brussels (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China
| | - Jianye Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Rajender S Varma
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Amin Shavandi
- 3BIO-BioMatter, Faculty of engineering, Free University of Brussels (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
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Ferreira M, Costa D, Sousa Â. Flavonoids-Based Delivery Systems towards Cancer Therapies. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:197. [PMID: 35621475 PMCID: PMC9137930 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9050197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Cervical cancer, for instance, is considered a major scourge in low-income countries. Its development is mostly associated with the human papillomavirus persistent infection and despite the availability of preventive vaccines, they are only widely administered in more developed countries, thus leaving a large percentage of unvaccinated women highly susceptible to this type of cancer. Current treatments are based on invasive techniques, being far from effective. Therefore, the search for novel, advanced and personalized therapeutic approaches is imperative. Flavonoids belong to a group of natural polyphenolic compounds, well recognized for their great anticancer capacity, thus promising to be incorporated in cancer therapy protocols. However, their use is limited due to their low solubility, stability and bioavailability. To surpass these limitations, the encapsulation of flavonoids into delivery systems emerged as a valuable strategy to improve their stability and bioavailability. In this context, the aim of this review is to present the most reliable flavonoids-based delivery systems developed for anticancer therapies and the progress accomplished, with a special focus on cervical cancer therapy. The gathered information revealed the high therapeutic potential of flavonoids and highlights the relevance of delivery systems application, allowing a better understanding for future studies on effective cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diana Costa
- CICS-UBI—Health Science Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal;
| | - Ângela Sousa
- CICS-UBI—Health Science Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal;
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Pérez Gutiérrez RM, Soto Contreras JG, Martínez Jerónimo FF, de la Luz Corea Téllez M, Borja-Urby R. Assessing the Ameliorative Effect of Selenium Cinnamomum verum, Origanum majorana, and Origanum vulgare Nanoparticles in Diabetic Zebrafish (Danio rerio). PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11070893. [PMID: 35406873 PMCID: PMC9002390 DOI: 10.3390/plants11070893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Cinnamomum verum, Origanum majorana, and Origanum vulgare have been used in traditional medicine for a long time to treat diabetes because of their promising therapeutic effects. The combination of these plants (COO) was tested to improve their efficacy using selenium nanoparticles (Se-COO-NPs) and gum Arabic (GA) as stabilizers for sustained release. Phenolic compounds of plants were identified using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). GA-Se-COO-NPs were characterized by spectroscopic and microscopic methods and evaluated in diabetic zebrafish. The ultraviolet spectrum was assessed to confirm the formation of plasmon resonance at 267 nm. The obtained particle size of selenium nanospheres was 65.76 nm. They were maintained in a stable form for 5 months at 4 °C. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images demonstrated the presence of individual spherical nanoparticles. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) showed the interaction between COO extract and selenium, exhibiting good entrapment efficiency (87%). The elemental analysis of COO extract and GA-COO-SeNPs confirmed that NPs were obtained. The zebrafish were exposed to a high glucose concentration for two weeks, and type 2 diabetes and oxidative stress responses were induced. In diabetic zebrafish, treatment with NPs showed antilipidemic and hypoglycemic effects, high survivability, and reduced levels of glucose, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and lipids in the blood. This group this had a higher survivorship rate than the diabetic control. The results demonstrated that GA-Se-COO-NPs have high antidiabetic potential, most likely because of the synergic effects of phenolic compounds and Se nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Martha Pérez Gutiérrez
- Laboratorio de Investigación de Productos Naturales, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Química e Industrias Extractivas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Mexico City 07708, Mexico;
- Correspondence:
| | - José Guadalupe Soto Contreras
- Laboratorio de Investigación de Productos Naturales, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Química e Industrias Extractivas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Mexico City 07708, Mexico;
| | - Felipe Fernando Martínez Jerónimo
- Laboratorio de Hidrobiología Experimental, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Casco de Santo Tomás, Mexico City 11340, Mexico;
| | - Mónica de la Luz Corea Téllez
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Polímeros y Nanomateriales, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Química e Industrias Extractivas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Edificio Z-5 Planta Baja Del Gustavo A. Madero, Mexico City 07730, Mexico;
| | - Raúl Borja-Urby
- Laboratorio de Microscopía Electrónica de Transmisión, Centro de Nanociencias y Micro-Nanotecnologías (CNMN), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Mexico City 07758, Mexico;
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Ghanbari-Movahed M, Mondal A, Farzaei MH, Bishayee A. Quercetin- and rutin-based nano-formulations for cancer treatment: A systematic review of improved efficacy and molecular mechanisms. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 97:153909. [PMID: 35092896 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural products, with incredible chemical diversity, have been widely studied for their antitumor potential. Quercetin (QU) and quercetin glycoside (rutin), both polyphenolic flavonoids, stick out amongst the natural products, through various studies. Rutin (RU) and its aglycone (QU) have various biological properties that include antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticarcinogenic activities. However, several side effects have restricted the efficacy of these polyphenolic flavonoids, which makes it necessary to use new strategies involving low and pharmacological doses of QU and RU, either alone or in combination with other anticancer drugs. PURPOSE The aim of this study is to present a comprehensive and critical evaluation of the anticancer ability of different nano-formulations of RU and QU for improved treatment of various malignancies. METHODS Studies were recognized via systematic searches of ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Scopus databases. Eligibility checks were conducted based upon predefined selection criteria. Ninety articles were included in this study. RESULTS There was conclusive evidence for the association between anticancer activity and treatment with RU or QU. Furthermore, studies indicated that nano-formulations of RU and QU have greater anticancer activities in comparison to either agent alone, which leads to increased efficiency for treating cancer. CONCLUSION The results of this systematic review demonstrate the anticancer activities of nano-formulations of RU and QU and their molecular mechanisms through preclinical studies. This paper also attempts to contribute to further research by addressing the current limitations/challenges and proposing additional studies to realize the full potential of RU- and QU-based formulations for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Ghanbari-Movahed
- Medical Technology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6718874414, Iran; Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Guilan, Rasht 4193833697, Iran
| | - Arijit Mondal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bengal College of Pharmaceutical Technology, Dubrajpur 731 123, India
| | - Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- Medical Technology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6718874414, Iran.
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, United States.
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Abstract
Keratin is a structural protein of mammalian tissues and birds, representing the principal constituent of hair, nails, skin, wool, hooves, horns, beaks, and feathers, and playing an essential role in protecting the body from external harassment. Due to its intrinsic features such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, responsiveness to specific biological environment, and physical–chemical properties, keratin has been extensively explored in the production of nanocarriers of active principles for different biomedical applications. In the present review paper, we aimed to give a literature overview of keratin-based nanoparticles produced starting from human hair, wool, and chicken feathers. Along with the chemical and structural description of keratin nanoparticles, selected in vitro and in vivo biological data are also discussed to provide a more comprehensive framework of possible fields of application of this protein. Despite the considerable number of papers describing the production and use of keratin nanoparticles as carries of anticancer and antimicrobial drugs or as hemostatic and wound healing materials, still, efforts are needed to implement keratin nanoparticles towards their clinical application.
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Kunjiappan S, Sankaranarayanan M, Karan Kumar B, Pavadai P, Babkiewicz E, Maszczyk P, Glodkowska-Mrowka E, Arunachalam S, Ram Kumar Pandian S, Ravishankar V, Baskararaj S, Vellaichamy S, Arulmani L, Panneerselvam T. Capsaicin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles: design, biodistribution, in silico modeling and in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:095101. [PMID: 33113518 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abc57e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lower doses of capsaicin (8-methyl-N-vanillyl-6-nonenamide) have the potential to serve as an anticancer drug, however, due to its pungency, irritant effect, poor water solubility and high distribution volume often linked to various off-target effects, its therapeutic use is limited. This study aimed to determine the biodistribution and anticancer efficacy of capsaicin loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) in human hepatocellular carcinoma in vitro. In this study, SLNs of stearic acid loaded with capsaicin was formulated by the solvent evaporation-emulsification technique and were instantly characterized for their encapsulation efficiency, morphology, loading capacity, stability, particle size, charge and in vitro drug release profile. Synthesized SLNs were predominantly spherical, 80 nm diameter particles that proved to be biocompatible with good stability in aqueous conditions. In vivo biodistribution studies of the formulated SLNs showed that 48 h after injection in the lateral tail vein, up to 15% of the cells in the liver, 1.04% of the cells in the spleen, 3.05% of the cells in the kidneys, 3.76% of the cells in the heart, 1.31% of the cells in the lungs and 0% of the cells in the brain of rats were determined. Molecular docking studies against the identified targets in HepG2 cells showed that the capsaicin is able to bind Abelson tyrosine-protein kinase, c-Src kinase, p38 MAP kinase and VEGF-receptor. Molecular dynamic simulation showed that capsaicin-VEGF receptor complex is highly stable at 50 nano seconds. The IC50 of capsaicin loaded SLNs in HepG2 cells in vitro was 21.36 μg × ml-1. These findings suggest that capsaicin loaded SLNs are stable in circulation for a period up to 3 d, providing a controlled release of loaded capsaicin and enhanced anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvaraj Kunjiappan
- Department of Biotechnology, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil-626126, India
| | - Murugesan Sankaranarayanan
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Pilani-333031, India
| | - Banoth Karan Kumar
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Pilani-333031, India
| | - Parasuraman Pavadai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, M S R Nagar, Bengaluru-560054, India
| | - Ewa Babkiewicz
- Department of Hydrobiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw at Biology & Chemistry Research Center, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Maszczyk
- Department of Hydrobiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw at Biology & Chemistry Research Center, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Eliza Glodkowska-Mrowka
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Indira Gandhi St. 14, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sankarganesh Arunachalam
- Department of Biotechnology, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil-626126, India
| | | | | | - Suraj Baskararaj
- Department of Biotechnology, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil-626126, India
| | - Sivakumar Vellaichamy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Arulmigu Kalasalingam College of Pharmacy, Krishnankoil-626126, India
| | - Lalitha Arulmani
- Senior Scientist, Virtis Biolabs, Pvt., Ltd, Kannankurichi, Salem-636008, India
| | - Theivendren Panneerselvam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Swamy Vivekananda College of Pharmacy, Elayampalayam, Namakkal-637205, India
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Pandian SRK, Pavadai P, Vellaisamy S, Ravishankar V, Palanisamy P, Sundar LM, Chandramohan V, Sankaranarayanan M, Panneerselvam T, Kunjiappan S. Formulation and evaluation of rutin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles for the treatment of brain tumor. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2020; 394:735-749. [PMID: 33156389 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-020-02015-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The primary requirement for curing cancer is the delivery of essential drug load at the cancer microenvironment with therapeutic efficacy. Considering this, the present study aims to formulate "Rutin"-encapsulated solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) for effective brain delivery across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Rutin-loaded SLNs were fabricated by oil-in-water microemulsion technique and were characterized for their physicochemical properties. The in vivo biodistribution study of rutin-loaded SLNs was studied using Rattus norvegicus rats. Subsequently, in silico molecular docking and dynamic calculations were performed to examine the binding affinity as well as stability of rutin at the active site of target protein "epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)." Formulated rutin-loaded SLNs were predominantly spherical in shape with an average particle diameter of 100 nm. Additionally, the biocompatibility and stability have been proved in vitro. The presence and biodistribution of rutin in vivo after 54 h of injection were observed as 15.23 ± 0.32% in the brain, 8.68 ± 0.63% in the heart, 4.78 ± 0.28% in the kidney, 5.04 ± 0.37% in the liver, 0.92 ± 0.04% in the lung, and 11.52 ± 0.65% in the spleen, respectively. Molecular docking results revealed the higher binding energy of - 150.973 kJ/mol of rutin with EGFR. Molecular dynamic simulation studies demonstrated that rutin with EGFR receptor complex was highly stable at 30 ns. The observed results exemplified that the formulated rutin-loaded SLNs were stable in circulation for a period up to 5 days. Thus, rutin-encapsulated SLN formulations can be used as a promising vector to target tumors across BBB. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sureshbabu Ram Kumar Pandian
- Department of Biotechnology, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, Tamilnadu, 626126, India
| | - Parasuraman Pavadai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, M S R Nagar, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560054, India
| | - Sivakumar Vellaisamy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Arulmigu Kalasalingam College of Pharmacy, Krishnankoil, Tamilnadu, 626126, India
| | - Vigneshwaran Ravishankar
- Department of Biotechnology, Mepco Schlenk Engineering College, Sivakasi, Tamilnadu, 626005, India
| | - Ponnusamy Palanisamy
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamilnadu, 632014, India
| | - Lakshmi M Sundar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, M S R Nagar, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560054, India
| | - Vivek Chandramohan
- Department of Biotechnology, Siddaganga Institute of Technology, Tumakuru, Karnataka, 572103, India
| | | | - Theivendren Panneerselvam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Swamy Vivekananda College of Pharmacy, Elayampalayam, Namakkal, Tamilnadu, 637205, India.
| | - Selvaraj Kunjiappan
- Department of Biotechnology, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, Tamilnadu, 626126, India.
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Farha AK, Gan RY, Li HB, Wu DT, Atanasov AG, Gul K, Zhang JR, Yang QQ, Corke H. The anticancer potential of the dietary polyphenol rutin: Current status, challenges, and perspectives. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:832-859. [PMID: 33054344 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1829541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Rutin is one of the most common dietary polyphenols found in vegetables, fruits, and other plants. It is metabolized by the mammalian gut microbiota and absorbed from the intestines, and becomes bioavailable in the form of conjugated metabolites. Rutin exhibits a plethora of bioactive properties, making it an extremely promising phytochemical. Numerous studies demonstrate that rutin can act as a chemotherapeutic and chemopreventive agent, and its anticancer effects can be mediated through the suppression of cell proliferation, the induction of apoptosis or autophagy, and the hindering of angiogenesis and metastasis. Rutin has been found to modulate multiple molecular targets involved in carcinogenesis, such as cell cycle mediators, cellular kinases, inflammatory cytokines, transcription factors, drug transporters, and reactive oxygen species. This review summarizes the natural sources of rutin, its bioavailability, and in particular its potential use as an anticancer agent, with highlighting its anticancer mechanisms as well as molecular targets. Additionally, this review updates the anticancer potential of its analogs, nanoformulations, and metabolites, and discusses relevant safety issues. Overall, rutin is a promising natural dietary compound with promising anticancer potential and can be widely used in functional foods, dietary supplements, and pharmaceuticals for the prevention and management of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arakkaveettil Kabeer Farha
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ren-You Gan
- Research Center for Plants and Human Health, Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Hua-Bin Li
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Nutrition Translation, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ding-Tao Wu
- Institute of Food Processing and Safety, College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, China
| | - Atanas G Atanasov
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Digital Health and Patient Safety, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Magdalenka, Poland
| | - Khalid Gul
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Rong Zhang
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiong-Qiong Yang
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Harold Corke
- Biotechnology and Food Engineering Program, Guangdong Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Shantou, China
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10
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Nouri Z, Fakhri S, Nouri K, Wallace CE, Farzaei MH, Bishayee A. Targeting Multiple Signaling Pathways in Cancer: The Rutin Therapeutic Approach. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2276. [PMID: 32823876 PMCID: PMC7463935 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple dysregulated signaling pathways are implicated in the pathogenesis of cancer. The conventional therapies used in cancer prevention/treatment suffer from low efficacy, considerable toxicity, and high cost. Hence, the discovery and development of novel multi-targeted agents to attenuate the dysregulated signaling in cancer is of great importance. In recent decades, phytochemicals from dietary and medicinal plants have been successfully introduced as alternative anticancer agents due to their ability to modulate numerous oncogenic and oncosuppressive signaling pathways. Rutin (also known as rutoside, quercetin-3-O-rutinoside and sophorin) is an active plant-derived flavonoid that is widely distributed in various vegetables, fruits, and medicinal plants, including asparagus, buckwheat, apricots, apples, cherries, grapes, grapefruit, plums, oranges, and tea. Rutin has been shown to target various inflammatory, apoptotic, autophagic, and angiogenic signaling mediators, including nuclear factor-κB, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukins, light chain 3/Beclin, B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2 associated X protein, caspases, and vascular endothelial growth factor. A comprehensive and critical analysis of the anticancer potential of rutin and associated molecular targets amongst various cancer types has not been performed previously. Accordingly, the purpose of this review is to present an up-to-date and critical evaluation of multiple cellular and molecular mechanisms through which the anticancer effects of rutin are known to be exerted. The current challenges and limitations as well as future directions of research are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Nouri
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6714415153, Iran;
| | - Sajad Fakhri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran;
| | - Keyvan Nouri
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8174673461, Iran;
| | - Carly E. Wallace
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA;
| | - Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran;
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA;
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11
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Kunjiappan S, Theivendran P, Baskararaj S, Sankaranarayanan B, Palanisamy P, Saravanan G, Arunachalam S, Sankaranarayanan M, Natarajan J, Somasundaram B, Wadhwani A. Modeling a pH-sensitive Zein- co-acrylic acid hybrid hydrogels loaded 5-fluorouracil and rutin for enhanced anticancer efficacy by oral delivery. 3 Biotech 2019; 9:185. [PMID: 31065485 PMCID: PMC6478784 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-019-1720-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The combination of natural and synthetic polymeric materials grafted hydrogels offer great potential as oral therapeutic systems because of its intrinsic biocompatibility, biodegradability, protect labile drugs from metabolism and controlled release properties. Hence, in the present study, we aimed to prepare and optimize oral delivered pH-responsive Zein-co-acrylic acid hydrogels incorporated with 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) and rutin (Ru) for effective anticancer activity with less toxicity. In this study, graft polymerization technique is adopted to formulate hydrogels with various ratios of Zein, acrylic acid, N, N-methylene bisacrylamide, and ammonium persulphate as an initiator. The optimized formulation was identified based on the cross-linking, chemical interactions, intrinsic viscosity (η), dynamic swelling (Q) at pH 1.2, diffusion coefficient (D), sol-gel fraction (%), and porosity (%). The selected optimized formulation has shown significant improvement in drugs loading and encapsulation efficiency, releasing at pH 1.2 and pH 7.4. Drug release kinetics studies confirmed the controlled release properties of hydrogels. Hydrogels were porous and the drug loading of 5-Fu and Ru was found to be 12.13% and 10.86%, respectively, whereas encapsulation efficiency of 5-Fu and Ru was 89.35% and 81.47%, respectively. Furthermore, form the in vitro cytotoxic screening, it was found that 52.5 µg mL-1 5-Fu and Ru-loaded hydrogel impacted 50% of cell death at 24 h, there by significantly arresting the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines. Altogether, the optimized pH-responsive hydrogels make them favorable carrier for anticancer drugs for oral delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvaraj Kunjiappan
- Sir CV Raman-KS Krishnan International Research Center, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, 626126 India
| | - Panneerselvam Theivendran
- 2Department of Research and Development, Saraswathi Institute of Medical Sciences, NH-24, Anwarpur, Pilkhuwa, Hapur, Uttar Pradesh 245304 India
| | - Suraj Baskararaj
- Sir CV Raman-KS Krishnan International Research Center, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, 626126 India
| | - Bathrinath Sankaranarayanan
- School of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, 626126 India
| | - Ponnusamy Palanisamy
- 4School of Mechanical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014 India
| | - Govindaraj Saravanan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, MNR College of Pharmacy, Fasalwadi, Sangareddy, Telangana 502294 India
| | - Sankarganesh Arunachalam
- Sir CV Raman-KS Krishnan International Research Center, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, 626126 India
| | | | - Jawahar Natarajan
- 7Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, Rockland's, Ooty, 643001 India
| | - Balasubramanian Somasundaram
- Sir CV Raman-KS Krishnan International Research Center, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, 626126 India
| | - Ashish Wadhwani
- 8Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, JSS College of Pharmacy, Rockland's, Ooty, 643001 India
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12
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Kunjiappan S, Panneerselvam T, Prasad P, Sukumaran S, Somasundaram B, Sankaranarayanan M, Murugan I, Parasuraman P. Design, graph theoretical analysis and
in silico
modeling of
Dunaliella bardawil
biomass encapsulated keratin nanoparticles: a scaffold for effective glucose utilization. Biomed Mater 2018; 13:045012. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/aabcea] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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