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Pola R, Grosmanová E, Pechar M, Horák D, Krunclová T, Pankrác J, Henry M, Kaňa M, Bouček J, Šefc L, Coll JL, Etrych T. Stimuli-Responsive Polymer Nanoprobes Intended for Fluorescence-Guided Surgery of Malignant Head-and-Neck Tumors and Metastases. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2301183. [PMID: 37288946 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202301183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nano-sized carriers are widely studied as suitable candidates for the advanced delivery of various bioactive molecules such as drugs and diagnostics. Herein, the development of long-circulating stimuli-responsive polymer nanoprobes tailored for the fluorescently-guided surgery of solid tumors is reported. Nanoprobes are designed as long-circulating nanosystems preferably accumulated in solid tumors due to the Enhanced permeability and retention effect, so they act as a tumor microenvironment-sensitive activatable diagnostic. This study designs polymer probes differing in the structure of the spacer between the polymer carrier and Cy7 by employing pH-sensitive spacers, oligopeptide spacers susceptible to cathepsin B-catalyzed enzymatic hydrolysis, and non-degradable control spacer. Increased accumulation of the nanoprobes in the tumor tissue coupled with stimuli-sensitive release behavior and subsequent activation of the fluorescent signal upon dye release facilitated favorable tumor-to-background ratio, a key feature for fluorescence-guided surgery. The probes show excellent diagnostic potential for the surgical removal of intraperitoneal metastasis and orthotopic head and neck tumors with very high efficacy and accuracy. In addition, the combination of macroscopic resection followed by fluorescence-guided surgery using developed probes enable the identification and resection of most of the CAL33 intraperitoneal metastases with total tumor burden reduced to 97.2%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Pola
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, Prague 6, 162 00, Czech Republic
| | - Eliška Grosmanová
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, Prague 6, 162 00, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Pechar
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, Prague 6, 162 00, Czech Republic
| | - Dominik Horák
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, Prague 6, 162 00, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Krunclová
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, Prague 6, 162 00, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Pankrác
- Center for Advanced Preclinical Imaging (CAPI), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Salmovská 3, Prague 2, 120 00, Czech Republic
| | - Maxime Henry
- University Grenoble Alpes, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Team Cancer Targets and Experimental Therapeutics, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR5309, Grenoble, 38100, France
| | - Martin Kaňa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, V Úvalu 84, Prague 5, 150 06, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Bouček
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, V Úvalu 84, Prague 5, 150 06, Czech Republic
| | - Luděk Šefc
- Center for Advanced Preclinical Imaging (CAPI), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Salmovská 3, Prague 2, 120 00, Czech Republic
| | - Jean-Luc Coll
- University Grenoble Alpes, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Team Cancer Targets and Experimental Therapeutics, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR5309, Grenoble, 38100, France
| | - Tomáš Etrych
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, Prague 6, 162 00, Czech Republic
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Polymer-Antimicrobial Peptide Constructs with Tailored Drug-Release Behavior. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020406. [PMID: 36839728 PMCID: PMC9960778 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial resistance is one of the main problems of modern medicine. Recently, antimicrobial peptides have been recognized as a novel approach to overcome the microbial resistance issue, nevertheless, their low stability, toxicity, and potential immunogenic response in biological systems have limited their clinical application. Herein, we present the design, synthesis, and preliminary biological evaluation of polymer-antibacterial peptide constructs. The antimicrobial GKWMKLLKKILK-NH2 oligopeptide (PEP) derived from halictine, honey bee venom, was bound to a polymer carrier via various biodegradable spacers employing the pH-sensitive or enzymatically-driven release and reactivation of the PEP's antimicrobial activity. The antibacterial properties of the polymer-PEP constructs were assessed by a determination of the minimum inhibitory concentrations, followed by fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy. The PEP exerted antibacterial activity against both, gram-positive and negative bacteria, via disruption of the bacterial cell wall mechanism. Importantly, PEP partly retained its antibacterial efficacy against Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, and Acinetobacter baumanii even though it was bound to the polymer carrier. Indeed, to observe antibacterial activity similar to the free PEP, the peptide has to be released from the polymer carrier in response to a pH decrease. Enzymatically-driven release and reactivation of the PEP antimicrobial activity were recognized as less effective when compared to the pH-sensitive release of PEP.
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Unique Benefits of Tumor-Specific Nanobodies for Fluorescence Guided Surgery. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11020311. [PMID: 33670740 PMCID: PMC7921980 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-specific fluorescence labeling is promising for real-time visualization of solid malignancies during surgery. There are a number of technologies to confer tumor-specific fluorescence. Antibodies have traditionally been used due to their versatility in modifications; however, their large size hampers efficient fluorophore delivery. Nanobodies are a novel class of molecules, derived from camelid heavy-chain only antibodies, that have shown promise for tumor-specific fluorescence labeling. Nanobodies are ten times smaller than standard antibodies, while maintaining antigen-binding capacity and have advantageous features, including rapidity of tumor labeling, that are reviewed in the present report. The present report reviews special considerations needed in developing nanobody probes, the status of current literature on the use of nanobody probes in fluorescence guided surgery, and potential challenges to be addressed for clinical translation.
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Tavares MR, Bláhová M, Sedláková L, Elling L, Pelantová H, Konefał R, Etrych T, Křen V, Bojarová P, Chytil P. High-Affinity N-(2-Hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide Copolymers with Tailored N-Acetyllactosamine Presentation Discriminate between Galectins. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:641-652. [PMID: 31904940 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b01370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
N-Acetyllactosamine (LacNAc; Galβ4GlcNAc) is a typical disaccharide ligand of galectins. The most abundant members of these human lectins, galectin-1 (Gal-1) and galectin-3 (Gal-3), participate in a number of pathologies including cancerogenesis and metastatic formation. In this study, we synthesized a series of fifteen N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA)-based glycopolymers with varying LacNAc amounts and presentations and evaluated the impact of their architecture on the binding affinity to Gal-1 and Gal-3. The controlled radical reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer copolymerization technique afforded linear polymer precursors with comparable molecular weight (Mn ≈ 22,000 g mol-1) and narrow dispersity (D̵ ≈ 1.1). The precursors were conjugated with the functionalized LacNAc disaccharide (4-22 mol % content in glycopolymer) prepared by enzymatic synthesis under catalysis by β-galactosidase from Bacillus circulans. The structure-affinity relationship study based on the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay revealed that the type of LacNAc presentation, individual or clustered on bi- or trivalent linkers, brings a clear discrimination (almost 300-fold) between Gal-1 and Gal-3, reaching avidity to Gal-1 in the nanomolar range. Whereas Gal-1 strongly preferred a dense presentation of individually distributed LacNAc epitopes, Gal-3 preferred a clustered LacNAc presentation. Such a strong galectin preference based just on the structure of a multivalent glycopolymer type is exceptional. The prepared nontoxic, nonimmunogenic, and biocompatible glycopolymers are prospective for therapeutic applications requiring selectivity for one particular galectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Rodrigues Tavares
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry , Czech Academy of Sciences , Heyrovského náměstí 2 , CZ-162 06 Prague 6 , Czech Republic
| | - Markéta Bláhová
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry , Czech Academy of Sciences , Heyrovského náměstí 2 , CZ-162 06 Prague 6 , Czech Republic
| | - Lieselotte Sedláková
- Institute of Microbiology , Czech Academy of Sciences , Vídeňská 1083 , CZ-142 20 Prague 4 , Czech Republic.,Department of Health Care Disciplines and Population Protection, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering , Czech Technical University in Prague , Sítná sq. 3105 , CZ-272 01 Kladno , Czech Republic
| | - Lothar Elling
- Institute of Biotechnology and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering , RWTH Aachen , Pauwelstr. 20 , D-52079 Aachen , Germany
| | - Helena Pelantová
- Institute of Microbiology , Czech Academy of Sciences , Vídeňská 1083 , CZ-142 20 Prague 4 , Czech Republic
| | - Rafał Konefał
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry , Czech Academy of Sciences , Heyrovského náměstí 2 , CZ-162 06 Prague 6 , Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Etrych
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry , Czech Academy of Sciences , Heyrovského náměstí 2 , CZ-162 06 Prague 6 , Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Křen
- Institute of Microbiology , Czech Academy of Sciences , Vídeňská 1083 , CZ-142 20 Prague 4 , Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Bojarová
- Institute of Microbiology , Czech Academy of Sciences , Vídeňská 1083 , CZ-142 20 Prague 4 , Czech Republic.,Department of Health Care Disciplines and Population Protection, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering , Czech Technical University in Prague , Sítná sq. 3105 , CZ-272 01 Kladno , Czech Republic
| | - Petr Chytil
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry , Czech Academy of Sciences , Heyrovského náměstí 2 , CZ-162 06 Prague 6 , Czech Republic
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Pola R, Böhmová E, Filipová M, Pechar M, Pankrác J, Větvička D, Olejár T, Kabešová M, Poučková P, Šefc L, Zábrodský M, Janoušková O, Bouček J, Etrych T. Targeted Polymer-Based Probes for Fluorescence Guided Visualization and Potential Surgery of EGFR-Positive Head-and-Neck Tumors. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E31. [PMID: 31906300 PMCID: PMC7022460 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This report describes the design, synthesis and evaluation of tumor-targeted polymer probes to visualize epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-positive malignant tumors for successful resection via fluorescence guided endoscopic surgery. Fluorescent polymer probes of various molecular weights enabling passive accumulation in tumors via enhanced permeability and retention were prepared and evaluated, showing an optimal molecular weight of 200,000 g/mol for passive tumor targeting. Moreover, poly(N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide)-based copolymers labeled with fluorescent dyes were targeted with the EGFR-binding oligopeptide GE-11 (YHWYGYTPQNVI), human EGF or anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody cetuximab were all able to actively target the surface of EGFR-positive tumor cells. Nanoprobes targeted with GE-11 and cetuximab showed the best targeting profile but differed in their tumor accumulation kinetics. Cetuximab increased tumor accumulation after 15 min, whereas GE 11 needed at least 4 h. Interestingly, after 4 h, there were no significant differences in tumor targeting, indicating the potential of oligopeptide targeting for fluorescence-navigated surgery. In conclusion, fluorescent polymer probes targeted by oligopeptide GE-11 or whole antibody are excellent tools for surgical navigation during oncological surgery of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, due to their relatively simple design, synthesis and cost, as well as optimal pharmacokinetics and accumulation in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Pola
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského sq. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Eliška Böhmová
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského sq. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Marcela Filipová
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského sq. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Pechar
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského sq. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Pankrác
- Center for Advanced Preclinical Imaging (CAPI), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, U Nemocnice 5, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - David Větvička
- Institute of Biophysics and Informatics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Salmovská 1, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Olejár
- Institute of Biophysics and Informatics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Salmovská 1, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Kabešová
- Institute of Biophysics and Informatics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Salmovská 1, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Poučková
- Institute of Biophysics and Informatics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Salmovská 1, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Luděk Šefc
- Center for Advanced Preclinical Imaging (CAPI), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, U Nemocnice 5, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Zábrodský
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, V Úvalu 84, 150 06 Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Janoušková
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského sq. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Bouček
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, V Úvalu 84, 150 06 Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Etrych
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského sq. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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Etrych T, Janoušková O, Chytil P. Fluorescence Imaging as a Tool in Preclinical Evaluation of Polymer-Based Nano-DDS Systems Intended for Cancer Treatment. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E471. [PMID: 31547308 PMCID: PMC6781319 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11090471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted drug delivery using nano-sized carrier systems with targeting functions to malignant and inflammatory tissue and tailored controlled drug release inside targeted tissues or cells has been and is still intensively studied. A detailed understanding of the correlation between the pharmacokinetic properties and structure of the nano-sized carrier is crucial for the successful transition of targeted drug delivery nanomedicines into clinical practice. In preclinical research in particular, fluorescence imaging has become one of the most commonly used powerful imaging tools. Increasing numbers of suitable fluorescent dyes that are excitable in the visible to near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths of the spectrum and the non-invasive nature of the method have significantly expanded the applicability of fluorescence imaging. This chapter summarizes non-invasive fluorescence-based imaging methods and discusses their potential advantages and limitations in the field of drug delivery, especially in anticancer therapy. This chapter focuses on fluorescent imaging from the cellular level up to the highly sophisticated three-dimensional imaging modality at a systemic level. Moreover, we describe the possibility for simultaneous treatment and imaging using fluorescence theranostics and the combination of different imaging techniques, e.g., fluorescence imaging with computed tomography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Etrych
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Olga Janoušková
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Chytil
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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