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Atanasova H, Bernheimer L, Cohen G. Stochastic representation of many-body quantum states. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3601. [PMID: 37328458 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39244-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The quantum many-body problem is ultimately a curse of dimensionality: the state of a system with many particles is determined by a function with many dimensions, which rapidly becomes difficult to efficiently store, evaluate and manipulate numerically. On the other hand, modern machine learning models like deep neural networks can express highly correlated functions in extremely large-dimensional spaces, including those describing quantum mechanical problems. We show that if one represents wavefunctions as a stochastically generated set of sample points, the problem of finding ground states can be reduced to one where the most technically challenging step is that of performing regression-a standard supervised learning task. In the stochastic representation the (anti)symmetric property of fermionic/bosonic wavefunction can be used for data augmentation and learned rather than explicitly enforced. We further demonstrate that propagation of an ansatz towards the ground state can then be performed in a more robust and computationally scalable fashion than traditional variational approaches allow.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Liam Bernheimer
- School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Guy Cohen
- School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel.
- The Raymond and Beverley Sackler Center for Computational Molecular and Materials Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel.
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Baddoo PJ, Herrmann B, McKeon BJ, Nathan Kutz J, Brunton SL. Physics-informed dynamic mode decomposition. Proc Math Phys Eng Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2022.0576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, we demonstrate how physical principles—such as symmetries, invariances and conservation laws—can be integrated into the
dynamic mode decomposition
(DMD). DMD is a widely used data analysis technique that extracts low-rank modal structures and dynamics from high-dimensional measurements. However, DMD can produce models that are sensitive to noise, fail to generalize outside the training data and violate basic physical laws. Our physics-informed DMD (piDMD) optimization, which may be formulated as a Procrustes problem, restricts the family of admissible models to a matrix manifold that respects the physical structure of the system. We focus on five fundamental physical principles—conservation, self-adjointness, localization, causality and shift-equivariance—and derive several closed-form solutions and efficient algorithms for the corresponding piDMD optimizations. With fewer degrees of freedom, piDMD models are less prone to overfitting, require less training data, and are often less computationally expensive to build than standard DMD models. We demonstrate piDMD on a range of problems, including energy-preserving fluid flow, the Schrödinger equation, solute advection-diffusion and three-dimensional transitional channel flow. In each case, piDMD outperforms standard DMD algorithms in metrics such as spectral identification, state prediction and estimation of optimal forcings and responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J. Baddoo
- Department of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Benjamin Herrmann
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Chile, Beauchef 851, Santiago, Chile
| | - Beverley J. McKeon
- Graduate Aerospace Laboratories, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - J. Nathan Kutz
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Steven L. Brunton
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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Schmitz N, Müller KR, Chmiela S. Algorithmic Differentiation for Automated Modeling of Machine Learned Force Fields. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:10183-10189. [PMID: 36279418 PMCID: PMC9639201 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Reconstructing force fields (FFs) from atomistic simulation data is a challenge since accurate data can be highly expensive. Here, machine learning (ML) models can help to be data economic as they can be successfully constrained using the underlying symmetry and conservation laws of physics. However, so far, every descriptor newly proposed for an ML model has required a cumbersome and mathematically tedious remodeling. We therefore propose using modern techniques from algorithmic differentiation within the ML modeling process, effectively enabling the usage of novel descriptors or models fully automatically at an order of magnitude higher computational efficiency. This paradigmatic approach enables not only a versatile usage of novel representations and the efficient computation of larger systems─all of high value to the FF community─but also the simple inclusion of further physical knowledge, such as higher-order information (e.g., Hessians, more complex partial differential equations constraints etc.), even beyond the presented FF domain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Klaus-Robert Müller
- Machine
Learning Group, Technische Universität
Berlin, 10587Berlin, Germany
- BIFOLD
- Berlin Institute for the Foundations of Learning and Data, 10587Berlin, Germany
- Department
of Artificial Intelligence, Korea University, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul02841, Korea
- Max
Planck Institute for Informatics, Stuhlsatzenhausweg, 66123Saarbrücken, Germany
- Google
Research, Brain Team, 10117Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Chmiela
- Machine
Learning Group, Technische Universität
Berlin, 10587Berlin, Germany
- BIFOLD
- Berlin Institute for the Foundations of Learning and Data, 10587Berlin, Germany
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Baddoo PJ, Herrmann B, McKeon BJ, Brunton SL. Kernel learning for robust dynamic mode decomposition: linear and nonlinear disambiguation optimization. Proc Math Phys Eng Sci 2022; 478:20210830. [PMID: 35450026 PMCID: PMC9006118 DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2021.0830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Research in modern data-driven dynamical systems is typically focused on the three key challenges of high dimensionality, unknown dynamics and nonlinearity. The dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) has emerged as a cornerstone for modelling high-dimensional systems from data. However, the quality of the linear DMD model is known to be fragile with respect to strong nonlinearity, which contaminates the model estimate. By contrast, sparse identification of nonlinear dynamics learns fully nonlinear models, disambiguating the linear and nonlinear effects, but is restricted to low-dimensional systems. In this work, we present a kernel method that learns interpretable data-driven models for high-dimensional, nonlinear systems. Our method performs kernel regression on a sparse dictionary of samples that appreciably contribute to the dynamics. We show that this kernel method efficiently handles high-dimensional data and is flexible enough to incorporate partial knowledge of system physics. It is possible to recover the linear model contribution with this approach, thus separating the effects of the implicitly defined nonlinear terms. We demonstrate our approach on data from a range of nonlinear ordinary and partial differential equations. This framework can be used for many practical engineering tasks such as model order reduction, diagnostics, prediction, control and discovery of governing laws.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Baddoo
- Department of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Benjamin Herrmann
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Chile, Beauchef 851, Santiago, Chile
| | - Beverley J McKeon
- Graduate Aerospace Laboratories, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Steven L Brunton
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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Li Y, Liu J, Li J, Zhai Y, Yang J, Qu Z, Li H. A new permutation-symmetry-adapted machine learning diabatization procedure and its application in MgH 2 system. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:214102. [PMID: 34879675 DOI: 10.1063/5.0072004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This work introduces a new permutation-symmetry-adapted machine learning diabatization procedure, termed the diabatization by equivariant neural network (DENN). In this approach, the permutation symmetric and anti-symmetric elements in diabatic potential energy metrics (DPEMs) were simultaneously simulated by the equivariant neural network. The diabatization by deep neural network scheme was adopted for machine learning diabatization, and non-zero diabatic coupling was included to increase accuracy in the near degenerate region. Based on DENN, the global DPEMs for 11A' and 21A' states of MgH2 have been constructed. To the best of our knowledge, these are the first global DPEMs for the MgH2 system. The root-mean-square-errors (RMSEs) for diagonal elements (H11 and H22) and the off-diagonal element (H12) around the conical intersection region were 5.824, 5.307, and 5.796 meV, respectively. The RMSEs of global adiabatic energies for two adiabatic states were 4.613 and 12.755 meV, respectively. The spectroscopic calculations of the 11A' state in the linear HMgH region are in good agreement with the experiment and previous theoretical results. The differences between calculated frequencies and corresponding experiment values are 1.38 and 1.08 cm-1 for anti-symmetric stretching fundamental vibrational frequency and first overtone. The global DPEMs obtained in this work should be useful for further quantum mechanics dynamic simulations on the MgH2 system.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Li
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2519 Jiefang Road, Changchun 130023, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingmin Liu
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2519 Jiefang Road, Changchun 130023, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiarui Li
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2519 Jiefang Road, Changchun 130023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhai
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2519 Jiefang Road, Changchun 130023, People's Republic of China
| | - Jitai Yang
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2519 Jiefang Road, Changchun 130023, People's Republic of China
| | - Zexing Qu
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2519 Jiefang Road, Changchun 130023, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Li
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2519 Jiefang Road, Changchun 130023, People's Republic of China
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