1
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Ling Q, Zheng B, Chen X, Ye S, Cheng Q. The employment of vaccinia virus for colorectal cancer treatment: A review of preclinical and clinical studies. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2143698. [PMID: 36369829 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2143698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading malignancies that causes death worldwide. Cancer vaccines and oncolytic immunotherapy bring new hope for patients with advanced CRC. The capability of vaccinia virus (VV) in carrying foreign genes as antigens or immunostimulatory factors has been demonstrated in animal models. VV of Wyeth, Western Reserve, Lister, Tian Tan, and Copenhagen strains have been engineered for the induction of antitumor response in multiple cancers. This paper summarized the preclinical and clinical application and development of VV serving as cancer vaccines and oncolytic vectors in CRC treatment. Additionally, the remaining challenges and future direction are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoyun Ling
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Bichun Zheng
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xudong Chen
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Shaoshun Ye
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Quan Cheng
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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2
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Boagni DA, Ravirala D, Zhang SX. Current strategies in engaging oncolytic viruses with antitumor immunity. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2021; 22:98-113. [PMID: 34514092 PMCID: PMC8411207 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2021.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic virotherapy has produced promising yet limited results in preclinical and clinical studies. Besides direct oncolytic activity, a significant therapeutic mechanism of oncolytic virotherapy is the induction of tumor-specific immunity. Consequently, the efficacy of oncolytic viruses can be improved by the insertion of immune stimulator genes and rational combinatorial therapy with other immunotherapies. This article reviews recent efforts on arming oncolytic viruses with a variety of immune stimulator molecules, immune cell engagers, and other immune potentiating molecules. We outline what is known about the mechanisms of action and the corresponding results. The review also discusses recent preclinical and clinical studies of combining oncolytic virotherapy with immune-checkpoint inhibitors and the role of oncolytic virotherapy in changing the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drew Ashton Boagni
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Divya Ravirala
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shaun Xiaoliu Zhang
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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3
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Shan TT, Zhao X, Zhang Z, Wang JP, Zhang Y, Yang Y, Zhao S. Clinical Significance of Down-Regulated CD70 and CD27 Expression in Poor Prognosis of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:6909-6920. [PMID: 33204151 PMCID: PMC7660989 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s241377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction CD27 is a co-stimulatory immune checkpoint molecule in the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily. CD27 regulates the generation and maintenance of T cell immunity by binding to CD70 and regulating B-cell activation and immunoglobulin synthesis. Materials and Methods CD27 and CD70 expression were assessed in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) compared to normal tissue samples in the GSE53625 dataset of 179 paired cases and in 153 Chinese cases using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and immunohistochemistry. The correlation was also investigated between CD27 and CD70 expression and immune-related pathways, including CD8+ T cell recruitment, function, and other inhibitory immune checkpoints. Results Levels of both CD27 and CD70 expression were down-regulated in ESCC compared to the paired normal tissues. CD27 and CD70 expression was mainly present in lymphocytes surrounding and infiltrating the tumor lesions but rarely expressed in tumor cells. Lost expression of CD27 and CD70 was associated with clinicopathological features, including depth of tumor invasion and better patient survival. Furthermore, CD27 expression was significantly associated with levels of CD8A, GZMB, IFNG, the CD8+ T cell recruitment-associated chemokines (CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11), and CD8 receptors (CCR5, CXCR6, and CXCR3), while CD70 expression was inversely associated with levels of immunosuppressive checkpoints (PD-L1, PD-L2, and HHLA2). Conclusion Detection of CD70/CD27 expression could be further verified as a biomarker for ESCC early detection and prognosis prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Shan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Zhao
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Pu Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Song Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, People's Republic of China.,School of Medical Sciences, The Key Laboratory of Thoracic Tumor of Zhengzhou City, Zhengzhou 450052, People's Republic of China
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4
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Zhang X, Wang Y, Zhang D, Li H, Zhou Z, Yang R. CD70‐silenced dendritic cells induce immune tolerance in immune thrombocytopenia patients. Br J Haematol 2020; 191:466-475. [PMID: 32419211 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.16689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xian Zhang
- The Hematology Department of Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan City Hubei China
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology National Clinical Research Center for Hematological Disorders Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College China
| | - Yunlong Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology Minda Hospital of Hubei University for Nationalities Enshi China
- Department of Hematology Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University Kunming China
| | - Donglei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology National Clinical Research Center for Hematological Disorders Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College China
| | - Huiyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology National Clinical Research Center for Hematological Disorders Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College China
| | - Zeping Zhou
- Department of Hematology Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University Kunming China
| | - Renchi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology National Clinical Research Center for Hematological Disorders Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College China
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5
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de Graaf JF, de Vor L, Fouchier RAM, van den Hoogen BG. Armed oncolytic viruses: A kick-start for anti-tumor immunity. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2018; 41:28-39. [PMID: 29576283 PMCID: PMC7108398 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OVs), viruses that specifically result in killing tumor cells, represent a promising class of cancer therapy. Recently, the focus in the OV therapy field has shifted from their direct oncolytic effect to their immune stimulatory effect. OV therapy can function as a "kick start" for the antitumor immune response by releasing tumor associated antigens and release of inflammatory signals. Combining OVs with immune modulators could enhance the efficacy of both immune and OV therapies. Additionally, genetic engineering of OVs allows local expression of immune therapeutics, thereby reducing related toxicities. Different options to modify the tumor microenvironment in combination with OV therapy have been explored. The possibilities and obstacles of these combinations will be discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F de Graaf
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - L de Vor
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - R A M Fouchier
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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6
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Grant EJ, Nüssing S, Sant S, Clemens EB, Kedzierska K. The role of CD27 in anti-viral T-cell immunity. Curr Opin Virol 2017; 22:77-88. [PMID: 28086150 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
CD27 is a co-stimulatory immune-checkpoint receptor, constitutively expressed on a broad range of T-cells (αβ and γδ), NK-cells and B-cells. Ligation of CD27 with CD70 results in potent co-stimulatory effects. In mice, co-stimulation of CD8+ T-cells through CD27 promotes immune activation and enhances primary, secondary, memory and recall responses towards viral infections. Limited in vitro human studies support mouse experiments and show that CD27 co-stimulation enhances antiviral T-cell immunity. Given the potent co-stimulatory effects of CD27, manipulating CD27 signalling is of interest for viral, autoimmune and anti-tumour immunotherapies. This review focuses on the role of CD27 co-stimulation in anti-viral T-cell immunity and discusses clinical studies utilising the CD27 co-stimulation pathway for anti-viral, anti-tumour and autoimmune immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma J Grant
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3000, VIC, Australia; Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom
| | - Simone Nüssing
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3000, VIC, Australia
| | - Sneha Sant
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3000, VIC, Australia
| | - E Bridie Clemens
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3000, VIC, Australia
| | - Katherine Kedzierska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3000, VIC, Australia.
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7
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Izawa K, Martin E, Soudais C, Bruneau J, Boutboul D, Rodriguez R, Lenoir C, Hislop AD, Besson C, Touzot F, Picard C, Callebaut I, de Villartay JP, Moshous D, Fischer A, Latour S. Inherited CD70 deficiency in humans reveals a critical role for the CD70-CD27 pathway in immunity to Epstein-Barr virus infection. J Exp Med 2016; 214:73-89. [PMID: 28011863 PMCID: PMC5206497 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20160784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 08/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Izawa et al. identify the first patient with CD70 deficiency suffering from recurrent EBV-induced B cell proliferations including Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Expression of CD70 on B cells is necessary to induce proliferation of EBV-specific T cells. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection in humans is a major trigger of malignant and nonmalignant B cell proliferations. CD27 is a co-stimulatory molecule of T cells, and inherited CD27 deficiency is characterized by high susceptibility to EBV infection, though the underlying pathological mechanisms have not yet been identified. In this study, we report a patient suffering from recurrent EBV-induced B cell proliferations including Hodgkin’s lymphoma because of a deficiency in CD70, the ligand of CD27. We show that EBV-specific T lymphocytes did not expand properly when stimulated with CD70-deficient EBV-infected B cells, whereas expression of CD70 in B cells restored expansion, indicating that CD70 on B cells but not on T cells is required for efficient proliferation of T cells. CD70 was found to be up-regulated on B cells when activated and during EBV infection. The proliferation of T cells triggered by CD70-expressing B cells was dependent on CD27 and CD3 on T cells. Importantly, CD27-deficient T cells failed to proliferate when stimulated with CD70-expressing B cells. Thus, the CD70–CD27 pathway appears to be a crucial component of EBV-specific T cell immunity and more generally for the immune surveillance of B cells and may be a target for immunotherapy of B cell malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazushi Izawa
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Activation and Susceptibility to EBV infection, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR 1163, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Martin
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Activation and Susceptibility to EBV infection, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR 1163, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Claire Soudais
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Activation and Susceptibility to EBV infection, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR 1163, 75015 Paris, France.,University Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, Imagine Institut, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Julie Bruneau
- University Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, Imagine Institut, 75015 Paris, France.,Department of Pathology, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75015 Paris, France
| | - David Boutboul
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Activation and Susceptibility to EBV infection, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR 1163, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Rémy Rodriguez
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Activation and Susceptibility to EBV infection, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR 1163, 75015 Paris, France.,University Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, Imagine Institut, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Christelle Lenoir
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Activation and Susceptibility to EBV infection, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR 1163, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Andrew D Hislop
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, England, UK
| | - Caroline Besson
- Department of Biological Hematology and Immunology, Bicêtre Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Fabien Touzot
- University Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, Imagine Institut, 75015 Paris, France.,Department of Biotherapy, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Capucine Picard
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR 1163, 75015 Paris, France.,University Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, Imagine Institut, 75015 Paris, France.,Centre d'Etude des Déficits Immunitaires, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75015 Paris, France.,Department of Pediatric Immunology, Hematology, and Rheumatology, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Callebaut
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7590, Sorbonne Universities, University Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6-MNHN-IRD-IUC, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Pierre de Villartay
- Laboratory of Dynamic of Genome and Immune System, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR 1163, 75015 Paris, France.,University Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, Imagine Institut, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Despina Moshous
- Laboratory of Dynamic of Genome and Immune System, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR 1163, 75015 Paris, France.,University Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, Imagine Institut, 75015 Paris, France.,Department of Pediatric Immunology, Hematology, and Rheumatology, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Alain Fischer
- University Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, Imagine Institut, 75015 Paris, France.,Department of Pediatric Immunology, Hematology, and Rheumatology, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75015 Paris, France.,Collège de France, 75005 Paris, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR 1163, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Sylvain Latour
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Activation and Susceptibility to EBV infection, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR 1163, 75015 Paris, France .,University Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, Imagine Institut, 75015 Paris, France
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8
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Wang J, Arulanandam R, Wassenaar R, Falls T, Petryk J, Paget J, Garson K, Cemeus C, Vanderhyden BC, Wells RG, Bell JC, Le Boeuf F. Enhancing Expression of Functional Human Sodium Iodide Symporter and Somatostatin Receptor in Recombinant Oncolytic Vaccinia Virus for In Vivo Imaging of Tumors. J Nucl Med 2016; 58:221-227. [PMID: 27635026 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.116.180463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic virus (OV) therapy has emerged as a novel tool in our therapeutic arsenals for fighting cancer. As a live biologic agent, OV has the ability to target and selectively amplify at the tumor sites. We have reported that a vaccinia-based OV (Pexa-Vec) has shown good efficacy in preclinical models and in clinical trials. To give an additional tool to clinicians to allow both treatment of the tumor and improved visualization of tumor margins, we developed new viral-based platforms with 2 specific gene reporters. METHODS We incorporated the human sodium iodide symporter (hNIS) and the human somatostatin receptor 2 (hSSR2) in the vaccinia-based OV and tested viral constructs for their abilities to track and treat tumor development in vivo. RESULTS Early and high-level expression of hNIS is detrimental to the recombinant virus, leading to the aggregation of hNIS protein and early cell death. Putting hNIS under a late synthetic promoter allowed a higher functional expression of the protein and much stronger 123I or 99Tc uptake. In vivo, the hNIS-containing virus infected and amplified in the tumor site, showing a better efficacy than the parental virus. The hNIS expression at the tumor site allowed for the imaging of viral infection and tumor regression. Similarly, hSSR2-containing OV vaccinia infected and lysed cancer cells. CONCLUSION When tumor-bearing mice were given hNIS- and hSSR2-containing OV, 99Tc and 111In signals coalesced at the tumor, highlighting the power of using these viruses for tumor diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahu Wang
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rozanne Arulanandam
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard Wassenaar
- Cardiac PET Research, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Theresa Falls
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julia Petryk
- Cardiac PET Research, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Judith Paget
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kenneth Garson
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Catia Cemeus
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Barbara C Vanderhyden
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - R Glenn Wells
- Cardiac PET Research, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - John C Bell
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fabrice Le Boeuf
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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9
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Wajant
- Division of Molecular Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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10
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11
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TGF-β upregulates CD70 expression and induces exhaustion of effector memory T cells in B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Leukemia 2014; 28:1872-84. [PMID: 24569779 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2014.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) has an important role in mediating T-cell suppression in B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). However, the underlying mechanism responsible for TGF-β-mediated inhibition of effector memory T (Tm) cells is largely unknown. As reported here, we show that exhaustion is a major mechanism by which TGF-β inhibits Tm cells, and TGF-β mediated exhaustion is associated with upregulation of CD70. We found that TGF-β upregulates CD70 expression on effector Tm cells while it preferentially induces Foxp3 expression in naive T cells. CD70 induction by TGF-β is Smad3-dependent and involves IL-2/Stat5 signaling. CD70+ T cells account for TGF-β-induced exhaustion of effector Tm cells. Both TGF-β-induced and preexisting intratumoral CD70+ effector Tm cells from B-cell NHL have an exhausted phenotype and express higher levels of PD-1 and TIM-3 compared with CD70- T cells. Signaling transduction, proliferation and cytokine production are profoundly decreased in these cells, and they are highly susceptible to apoptosis. Clinically, intratumoral CD70-expressing T cells are prevalent in follicular B-cell lymphoma (FL) biopsy specimens, and increased numbers of intratumoral CD70+ T cells correlate with an inferior patient outcome. These findings confirm TGF-β-mediated effector Tm cell exhaustion as an important mechanism of immune suppression in B-cell NHL.
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12
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CD70-restricted specific activation of TRAILR1 or TRAILR2 using scFv-targeted TRAIL mutants. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1035. [PMID: 24481449 PMCID: PMC4040681 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Revised: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
To combine the CD27 stimulation inhibitory effect of blocking CD70 antibodies with an antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC)-independent, cell death-inducing activity for targeting of CD70-expressing tumors, we evaluated here fusion proteins of the apoptosis-inducing TNF family member TRAIL and a single-chain variable fragment (scFv) derived from a high-affinity llama-derived anti-human CD70 antibody (lαhCD70). A fusion protein of scFv:lαhCD70 with TNC-TRAIL, a stabilized form of TRAIL, showed strongly enhanced apoptosis induction upon CD70 binding and furthermore efficiently interfered with CD70-CD27 interaction. Noteworthy, introduction of recently identified mutations that discriminate between TRAILR1 and TRAILR2 binding into the TRAIL part of scFv:lαhCD70-TNC-TRAIL resulted in TRAIL death receptor-specific fusion proteins with CD70-restricted activity.
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13
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Schlom J, Hodge JW, Palena C, Tsang KY, Jochems C, Greiner JW, Farsaci B, Madan RA, Heery CR, Gulley JL. Therapeutic cancer vaccines. Adv Cancer Res 2014; 121:67-124. [PMID: 24889529 PMCID: PMC6324585 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800249-0.00002-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic cancer vaccines have the potential of being integrated in the therapy of numerous cancer types and stages. The wide spectrum of vaccine platforms and vaccine targets is reviewed along with the potential for development of vaccines to target cancer cell "stemness," the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype, and drug-resistant populations. Preclinical and recent clinical studies are now revealing how vaccines can optimally be used with other immune-based therapies such as checkpoint inhibitors, and so-called nonimmune-based therapeutics, radiation, hormonal therapy, and certain small molecule targeted therapies; it is now being revealed that many of these traditional therapies can lyse tumor cells in a manner as to further potentiate the host immune response, alter the phenotype of nonlysed tumor cells to render them more susceptible to T-cell lysis, and/or shift the balance of effector:regulatory cells in a manner to enhance vaccine efficacy. The importance of the tumor microenvironment, the appropriate patient population, and clinical trial endpoints is also discussed in the context of optimizing patient benefit from vaccine-mediated therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Schlom
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
| | - James W Hodge
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Claudia Palena
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kwong-Yok Tsang
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Caroline Jochems
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - John W Greiner
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Benedetto Farsaci
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ravi A Madan
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Christopher R Heery
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - James L Gulley
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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14
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Bertrand P, Maingonnat C, Penther D, Guney S, Ruminy P, Picquenot JM, Mareschal S, Alcantara M, Bouzelfen A, Dubois S, Figeac M, Bastard C, Tilly H, Jardin F. The costimulatory molecule CD70 is regulated by distinct molecular mechanisms and is associated with overall survival in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2013; 52:764-74. [PMID: 23716461 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Revised: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL), a recurrent deletion of the 19p13 region has recently been described. CD70 and TNFSF9 genes are suspected tumor suppressor genes, but previous studies suggest an oncogenic role for CD70. Therefore, we studied the consequences of variation in CD70 copy number and epigenetic modifications on CD70 expression. Copy-number variation was investigated in 144 de novo DLBCL tissues by comparative genomic hybridization array and quantitative multiplex PCR. Gene expression was assessed by quantitative RT-PCR, and CD70 promoter methylation was determined by pyrosequencing. The 19p13.3.2 region was deleted in 21 (14.6%) cases, which allowed the minimal commonly deleted region of 57 Kb that exclusively includes the CD70 gene to be defined. Homozygous deletions were observed in four (2.7%) cases, and acquired single-nucleotide variations of CD70 were detected in nine (6.3%) cases. CD70 was highly expressed in both germinal centre B-cell-like (GCB) and activated B-cell-like (ABC) DLBCL compared to normal tissue, with distinct molecular mechanisms of mRNA expression regulation. A gene dosage effect was observed in the GCB subtype, whereas promoter methylation was the predominant mechanism of down regulation in the ABC subtype. However, high CD70 expression levels correlated to shorter overall survival in both the GCB (P = 0.0021) and the ABC (P =0.0158) subtypes. In conclusion, CD70 is targeted by recurrent deletions, somatic mutations and promoter hypermethylation, but its high level of expression is related to an unfavorable outcome, indicating that this molecule may constitute a potential therapeutic target in selected DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Bertrand
- Department of Hematology, IRIB, and Centre Henri Becquerel, INSERM, U918 and Normandie University, Rouen, France.
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15
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Bakdash G, Sittig SP, van Dijk T, Figdor CG, de Vries IJM. The nature of activatory and tolerogenic dendritic cell-derived signal II. Front Immunol 2013; 4:53. [PMID: 23450201 PMCID: PMC3584294 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are central in maintaining the intricate balance between immunity and tolerance by orchestrating adaptive immune responses. Being the most potent antigen presenting cells, DCs are capable of educating naïve T cells into a wide variety of effector cells ranging from immunogenic CD4+ T helper cells and cytotoxic CD8+ T cells to tolerogenic regulatory T cells. This education is based on three fundamental signals. Signal I, which is mediated by antigen/major histocompatibility complexes binding to antigen-specific T cell receptors, guarantees antigen specificity. The co-stimulatory signal II, mediated by B7 family molecules, is crucial for the expansion of the antigen-specific T cells. The final step is T cell polarization by signal III, which is conveyed by DC-derived cytokines and determines the effector functions of the emerging T cell. Although co-stimulation is widely recognized to result from the engagement of T cell-derived CD28 with DC-expressed B7 molecules (CD80/CD86), other co-stimulatory pathways have been identified. These pathways can be divided into two groups based on their impact on primed T cells. Whereas pathways delivering activatory signals to T cells are termed co-stimulatory pathways, pathways delivering tolerogenic signals to T cells are termed co-inhibitory pathways. In this review, we discuss how the nature of DC-derived signal II determines the quality of ensuing T cell responses and eventually promoting either immunity or tolerance. A thorough understanding of this process is instrumental in determining the underlying mechanism of disorders demonstrating distorted immunity/tolerance balance, and would help innovating new therapeutic approaches for such disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghaith Bakdash
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre Nijmegen, Netherlands
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16
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Claus C, Riether C, Schürch C, Matter MS, Hilmenyuk T, Ochsenbein AF. CD27 signaling increases the frequency of regulatory T cells and promotes tumor growth. Cancer Res 2012; 72:3664-76. [PMID: 22628427 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-11-2791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Signaling of the TNF receptor superfamily member CD27 activates costimulatory pathways to elicit T- and B-cell responses. CD27 signaling is regulated by the expression of its ligand CD70 on subsets of dendritic cells and lymphocytes. Here, we analyzed the role of the CD27-CD70 interaction in the immunologic control of solid tumors in Cd27-deficient mice. In tumor-bearing wild-type mice, the CD27-CD70 interaction increased the frequency of regulatory T cells (Tregs), reduced tumor-specific T-cell responses, increased angiogenesis, and promoted tumor growth. CD27 signaling reduced apoptosis of Tregs in vivo and induced CD4(+) effector T cells (Teffs) to produce interleukin-2, a key survival factor for Tregs. Consequently, the frequency of Tregs and growth of solid tumors were reduced in Cd27-deficient mice or in wild-type mice treated with monoclonal antibody to block CD27 signaling. Our findings, therefore, provide a novel mechanism by which the adaptive immune system enhances tumor growth and may offer an attractive strategy to treat solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Claus
- Tumor Immunology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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17
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Rintoul JL, Wang J, Gammon DB, van Buuren NJ, Garson K, Jardine K, Barry M, Evans DH, Bell JC. A selectable and excisable marker system for the rapid creation of recombinant poxviruses. PLoS One 2011; 6:e24643. [PMID: 21931792 PMCID: PMC3169633 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0024643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2010] [Accepted: 08/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic manipulation of poxvirus genomes through attenuation, or insertion of therapeutic genes has led to a number of vector candidates for the treatment of a variety of human diseases. The development of recombinant poxviruses often involves the genomic insertion of a selectable marker for purification and selection purposes. The use of marker genes however inevitably results in a vector that contains unwanted genetic information of no therapeutic value. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Here we describe an improved strategy that allows for the creation of marker-free recombinant poxviruses of any species. The Selectable and Excisable Marker (SEM) system incorporates a unique fusion marker gene for the efficient selection of poxvirus recombinants and the Cre/loxP system to facilitate the subsequent removal of the marker. We have defined and characterized this new methodological tool by insertion of a foreign gene into vaccinia virus, with the subsequent removal of the selectable marker. We then analyzed the importance of loxP orientation during Cre recombination, and show that the SEM system can be used to introduce site-specific deletions or inversions into the viral genome. Finally, we demonstrate that the SEM strategy is amenable to other poxviruses, as demonstrated here with the creation of an ectromelia virus recombinant lacking the EVM002 gene. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE The system described here thus provides a faster, simpler and more efficient means to create clinic-ready recombinant poxviruses for therapeutic gene therapy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia L. Rintoul
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Jiahu Wang
- Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Don B. Gammon
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Nicholas J. van Buuren
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Kenneth Garson
- Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Karen Jardine
- Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Michele Barry
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - David H. Evans
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - John C. Bell
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
- * E-mail:
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18
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Cathelin D, Nicolas A, Bouchot A, Fraszczak J, Labbé J, Bonnotte B. Dendritic cell-tumor cell hybrids and immunotherapy: what's next? Cytotherapy 2011; 13:774-85. [PMID: 21299362 DOI: 10.3109/14653249.2011.553593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) are professional antigen-presenting cells currently being used as a cellular adjuvant in cancer immunotherapy strategies. Unfortunately, DC-based vaccines have not demonstrated spectacular clinical results. DC loading with tumor antigens and DC differentiation and activation still require optimization. An alternative technique for providing antigens to DC consists of the direct fusion of dendritic cells with tumor cells. These resulting hybrid cells may express both major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and II molecules associated with tumor antigens and the appropriate co-stimulatory molecules required for T-cell activation. Initially tested in animal models, this approach has now been evaluated in clinical trials, although with limited success. We summarize and discuss the results from the animal studies and first clinical trials. We also present a new approach to inducing hybrid formation by expression of viral fusogenic membrane glycoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Cathelin
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche 866, France.
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19
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Rusakiewicz S, Aubert G, Clark RE, Madrigal AJ, Dodi AI, Travers PJ. Soluble HLA/peptide monomers cross-linked with co-stimulatory antibodies onto a streptavidin core molecule efficiently stimulate antigen-specific T cell responses. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2009; 58:1459-70. [PMID: 19415272 PMCID: PMC11029906 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-009-0711-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2008] [Accepted: 04/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Soluble MHC-peptide complexes, commonly referred to as tetramers, have been shown to induce strong cross-linking of TCR and CD8, resulting in a vigorous activation followed by a rapid non-apoptotic CD8(+) T cell death. This has limited tetramer use for antigen-specific T cells isolation and cloning, as sorted tetramer positive cells were shown to possess compromised functional integrity. Here we show that the cross-linking of a secondary co-stimulatory signal into oligomeric MHC:peptide complexes prevents such cell death, and in contrast strongly stimulates antigen-specific T cell responses. Such soluble antigen-presenting complexes (sAPCs) containing MHC:peptide complexes linked to either anti-CD27 or anti-CD28 antibodies were capable of priming and expanding HLA-A*0201 restricted CMV specific T cells and also of generating functional HLA-A*0301 restricted BCR/ABL-specific T cell responses. These sAPCs constitute an encouraging alternative method for generating antigen-specific T cells that could be applied to a variety of antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Rusakiewicz
- Anthony Nolan Research Institute, The Royal Free Hospital, University College of London, Fleet Road, Hampstead, London, NW3 2QG UK
- Present Address: INSERM U805, Institut Gustave Roussy, 39 rue Camille Desmoulins, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Geraldine Aubert
- Anthony Nolan Research Institute, The Royal Free Hospital, University College of London, Fleet Road, Hampstead, London, NW3 2QG UK
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, V5Z 1L3 Canada
| | - Richard E. Clark
- Department of Haematology, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - Alejandro J. Madrigal
- Anthony Nolan Research Institute, The Royal Free Hospital, University College of London, Fleet Road, Hampstead, London, NW3 2QG UK
| | - Anthony I. Dodi
- Anthony Nolan Research Institute, The Royal Free Hospital, University College of London, Fleet Road, Hampstead, London, NW3 2QG UK
| | - Paul J. Travers
- Anthony Nolan Research Institute, The Royal Free Hospital, University College of London, Fleet Road, Hampstead, London, NW3 2QG UK
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Chancellor’s Building, 49 Little French Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB UK
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20
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Abstract
Tumor immunotherapy harnesses the potential of the host immune system to recognize and eradicate neoplastic tissue. The efficiency of the immune system in mediating tumor regression depends on the induction of antigen-specific T-cell responses through physiologic immune surveillance, priming by vaccination, or following adoptive transfer of T-cells. Although a variety of tumor-associated antigens have been identified and many immunotherapeutic strategies have been tested, objective clinical responses are rare. The reasons for this include the inability of current immunotherapy approaches to generate efficient T-cell responses, the presence of regulatory cells that inhibit T-cell responses, and other tumor escape mechanisms. The activation of effector T-cells depends on interactions between the T-cell receptor (TCR) and cognate antigen presented as peptides within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and costimulatory signals delivered by CD28, which binds to B7.1 and B7.2. More recently, several new molecular receptors and ligands have been identified that integrate into stimulatory or inhibitory activity for T-cells. These signals have been loosely associated with the costimulatory molecules but actually represent a diverse group of molecular pathways that have unique and overlapping functions. This review will focus on these pathways and emphasize their role in mediating T-cell activation for the purpose of enhancing tumor immunotherapy. As we gain a better understanding of the molecular and cellular consequences of T-cell signaling through the costimulatory pathways, a more rational approach to the activation or inhibition of T-cell responses can be developed for the treatment of cancer and other immune-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Ward
- The Tumor Immunology Laboratory, Division of Surgical Oncology, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
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21
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Abstract
SUMMARY Despite the expression of antigens by tumor cells, spontaneous immune-mediated rejection of cancer seems to be a rare event. T-cell receptor engagement by peptide/major histocompatibility complexes constitutes the main signal for the activation of naive T cells but is not sufficient to initiate a productive generation and maintenance of effector cells. Full activation of T cells requires additional signals driven by costimulatory molecules present on activated antigen-presenting cells but rarely on tumors. Following the discovery of B7-1 (CD80), several other costimulatory molecules have been shown to contribute to T-cell activation and have relevance for improving anti-tumor immunity. Moreover, increasing the understanding of coinhibitory receptors has highlighted key additional pathways that can dominantly inhibit anti-tumor T-cell function. Improving positive costimulation, and interfering with negative regulation, continues to represent an attractive immunotherapeutic approach for the treatment of cancer. This review focuses upon those pathways with the highest potential for clinical application in human cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Driessens
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Justin Kline
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Thomas F. Gajewski
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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22
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Abstract
The primary focus of our work is the initiation of an antiviral immune response. While we employ many experimental systems to address this fundamental issue, much of our work revolves around the use of vaccinia virus. Concerns over the negative effects of vaccination have prevented the return of the smallpox immunization program to the general population and underscored the importance of understanding the primary immune response to vaccinia virus. This response is comprised of a complex symphony of immune system components employing a variety of different mechanisms. In this review, we will both highlight the roles of many of these components and touch on the applications of vaccinia virus in the laboratory and the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Fischer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University, Milton S. Hershey College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
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23
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Sanchez PJ, McWilliams JA, Haluszczak C, Yagita H, Kedl RM. Combined TLR/CD40 stimulation mediates potent cellular immunity by regulating dendritic cell expression of CD70 in vivo. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2007; 178:1564-72. [PMID: 17237405 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.178.3.1564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We previously showed that immunization with a combination of TLR and CD40 agonists (combined TLR/CD40 agonist immunization) resulted in an expansion of Ag-specific CD8 T cells exponentially greater than the expansion observed to immunization with either agonist alone. We now show that the mechanism behind this expansion of T cells is the regulated expression of CD70 on dendritic cells. In contrast to previous results in vitro, the expression of CD70 on dendritic cells in vivo requires combined TLR/CD40 stimulation and is not significantly induced by stimulation of either pathway alone. Moreover, the exponential expansion of CD8(+) T cells following combined TLR/CD40 agonist immunization is CD70 dependent. Thus, the transition from innate stimuli (TLRs) to adaptive immunity is controlled by the regulated expression of CD70.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip J Sanchez
- Integrated Department of Immunology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO 80206, USA
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24
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Du X, Zheng G, Jin H, Kang Y, Wang J, Xiao C, Zhang S, Zhao L, Chen A, Wang B. The adjuvant effects of co-stimulatory molecules on cellular and memory responses to HBsAg DNA vaccination. J Gene Med 2007; 9:136-46. [PMID: 17310492 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.1004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Because DNA vaccines on their own tend to induce weak immune responses in humans, adjuvant methods are needed in order to improve their efficacy. The co-stimulatory molecules 4-1BBL, OX40L, and CD70 have been shown to induce strong T cell activities; therefore, in this study, we investigated whether they may be used as molecular adjuvants for a hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) DNA vaccine (pcDS2) in eliciting strong cellular and memory responses. Compared to mice immunized with pcDS2 alone, addition of the co-stimulatory molecules increased T cell proliferation and an HBsAg-specific antibody response that was marked with a higher ratio of IgG2a/IgG1. Importantly, pcDS2 plus these co-stimulatory molecules elicited a higher level of IFN-gamma and IL-4 in CD4(+) T cells and a higher level of IFN-gamma in CD8(+) T cells. In addition, a significantly robust antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response and the production of long-term memory CD8(+) T cells were also observed in the groups immunized with pcDS2 plus 4-1BBL, OX40L, or CD70. Consistently, as late as 100 days after immunization, upregulated expressions of BCL-2, Spi2A, IL-7Ra, and IL-15Ra were still observed in mice immunized with pcDS2 plus these co-stimulatory molecules, suggesting the generation of memory T cells in these groups. Together, these results suggest that the co-stimulatory molecules 4-1BBL, OX40L, or CD70 can enhance the immunogenicity of HBsAg DNA vaccines, resulting in strong humoral, cellular, and memory responses. This approach may lead to an effective therapeutic vaccine for chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaogang Du
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China
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25
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Cormary C, Hiver E, Mariamé B, Favre G, Tilkin-Mariamé AF. Coexpression of CD40L and CD70 by semiallogenic tumor cells induces anti-tumor immunity. Cancer Gene Ther 2006; 12:963-72. [PMID: 15956983 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cgt.7700861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The immune system is potentially qualified to detect and eliminate tumor cells, but various mechanisms developed by tumor cells allow tumor escape. Strategies selected to promote antitumor responses have included genetic modifications of tumor cells to induce expression of costimulatory molecules. Moreover, alloantigens can also act as strong enhancers of the immune response. In this work, we have associated the expression of two costimulatory members of the TNF superfamily, CD40L and CD70 along with an allogenic MHC Class I (H-2K(d)) molecule expression on melanoma cells (B16F10, H-2(b)) to favor the antitumor immune response. B16F10 tumor growth slows significantly when CD40L and CD70 are coexpressed by tumor cells and the association with the allogenic molecule (H-2K(d)) enhances this effect. Growth kinetics of mock and CD40L-CD70-H-2K(d)-expressing B16F10 tumors in immunocompetent versus nu/nu and beige mice suggested that CD8(+) T lymphocytes and NK cells were involved in this antitumor immunity. A delay in mock tumor growth was observed when CD40L-CD70-H-2K(d)-expressing B16F10 cells and mock tumor cells were injected simultaneously and contralaterally. It was also shown that in vivo immunization of immunocompetent mice with CD40L-CD70-H-2K(d) B16F10 tumor cells improved the generation of cytotoxic lymphocytes against the wild-type melanoma cells expressing the syngenic MHC Class I molecule H-2K(b) (B16K1). These observations lay a path for new immunotherapeutic trials using semiallogenic fibroblasts expressing costimulatory molecules and tumor-associated antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carine Cormary
- INSERM U563 CPTP, Département Innovations thérapeutiques et Oncologie moléculaire, Institut Claudius Regaud, 20-24 Rue du pont Saint-Pierre, 31052 Toulouse Cedex, France
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26
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Zibert A, Thomassen A, Müller L, Nguyen L, Glouchkova L, Fraefel C, Roskrow M, Meisel R, Dilloo D. Herpes simplex virus type-1 amplicon vectors for vaccine generation in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Gene Ther 2006; 12:1707-17. [PMID: 16034459 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3302577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
For leukemia vaccine generation, high-efficiency gene transfer is required to express immunomodulatory molecules that stimulate potent antileukemic immune responses. In this context, herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1)-derived vectors have proven to be a promising tool for genetic modification of lymphoblastic leukemia cells. Yet, vector-associated viral protein expression might inadvertently modulate vaccine efficacy facilitating both immune evasion and immune stimulation. To explore the issue of immune-stimulation versus immune-suppression in immature lymphoblastic leukemia cells, two types of HSV-1 amplicon vectors, helper virus-dependent and helper virus-free that express the immunomodulatory molecules CD70 and IL-2, were compared with regard to their vector-associated immunomodulatory potential. We first established that lymphoblastic cell lines and primary acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells express HSV receptor genes. Lymphoblastic cell lines were transduced with high efficiency, and in primary ALL cells high gene transfer rates of 47+/-15 and 42+/-14% were obtained with helper virus-dependent and -free HSV-1 amplicon vectors, respectively. The efficacy of the two amplicon vectors to induce antineoplastic responses was assessed in a vaccine setting in mice with pre-existing highly malignant lymphoblastic disease. Treatment of mice with vaccine cells transgenically expressing CD70+IL2 significantly suppressed lymphoblastic cell proliferation and improved survival. Of note, when helper virus-dependent HSV-1 amplicon vectors were used for vaccine preparation, the high immunogenic potential of the vector itself, in the absence of transgenic CD70+IL2 expression, seemed to be sufficient to mediate protection comparable to the antineoplastic response achieved by expression of immunomodulatory molecules. Thus for vaccine generation in B lymphoblastic leukemia, the immunogenic potential of HSV-1 helper virus-dependent amplicon vectors does provide additional benefit to the high transduction efficiency of HSV-1-derived vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Zibert
- Clinic for Pediatric-Oncology, -Hematology and -Immunology, University Clinic of Düsseldorf, Germany
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27
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Abstract
Several members of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) family function after initial T cell activation to sustain T cell responses. This review focuses on CD27, 4-1BB (CD137), OX40 (CD134), HVEM, CD30, and GITR, all of which can have costimulatory effects on T cells. The effects of these costimulatory TNFR family members can often be functionally, temporally, or spatially segregated from those of CD28 and from each other. The sequential and transient regulation of T cell activation/survival signals by different costimulators may function to allow longevity of the response while maintaining tight control of T cell survival. Depending on the disease condition, stimulation via costimulatory TNF family members can exacerbate or ameliorate disease. Despite these complexities, stimulation or blockade of TNFR family costimulators shows promise for several therapeutic applications, including cancer, infectious disease, transplantation, and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania H Watts
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada.
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28
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Junker K, Hindermann W, von Eggeling F, Diegmann J, Haessler K, Schubert J. CD70: a new tumor specific biomarker for renal cell carcinoma. J Urol 2005; 173:2150-3. [PMID: 15879877 DOI: 10.1097/01.ju.0000158121.49085.ba] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To date there have been no specific tumor markers available for the differential diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). In an earlier study we identified high RNA expression of CD70 in clear cell RCC. CD70 is a type II transmembrane protein belonging to the tumor necrosis factor family. It represents the ligand for CD27, a glycosylated transmembrane protein of the tumor necrosis factor receptor family. To our knowledge the function of CD70 in solid tumors is not known. In the current study we analyzed CD70 protein expression in different RCC subtypes. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 68 tumor samples of different histopathological subtypes were investigated by immunochemistry, including 41 clear cell, 19 papillary and 5 chromophobe RCCs, and 3 oncocytomas as well as their normal tissue counterparts. Immunochemistry was performed on frozen tissue samples using monoclonal antibody against CD70. RESULTS None of the normal kidney tissues showed CD70 expression. In contrast, all clear cell RCCs expressed CD70 at a high level. Positive immunostaining was observed in 1 papillary (5%) and in 1 chromophobe (20%) RCC. Five papillary tumor samples (26%) showed focal staining in less than 5% of cells. All other samples were negative for CD70. CONCLUSIONS Our study identified CD70 as a new specific tumor marker for clear cell RCC. This new marker can be used for differential diagnosis in cases of uncertain histological classification. The function of this protein in tumorigenesis and its use as a diagnostic marker in serum and urine or as a therapeutic tool must be investigated in further studies.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell/diagnosis
- Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell/pathology
- Antigens, CD/analysis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- CD27 Ligand
- Carcinoma, Papillary/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Papillary/pathology
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/pathology
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/surgery
- Diagnosis, Differential
- Humans
- Immunoenzyme Techniques
- Kidney/pathology
- Kidney Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Kidney Neoplasms/pathology
- Kidney Neoplasms/surgery
- Membrane Proteins/analysis
- Nephrectomy
- Sensitivity and Specificity
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Junker
- Department of Urology, Institute of Human Genetics and Anthropology, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany.
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29
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Cormary C, Gonzalez R, Faye JC, Favre G, Tilkin-Mariamé AF. Induction of T-cell antitumor immunity and protection against tumor growth by secretion of soluble human CD70 molecules. Cancer Gene Ther 2005; 11:497-507. [PMID: 15153937 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cgt.7700708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
One of the strategies to promote an antitumor response is the genetic modification of tumor cells to induce expression of costimulatory molecules. We have tested the capacity of a soluble form of CD70 molecule (sCD70). After construction of a vector carrying the sCD70, we obtained stable sCD70-secreting TS/A tumor cells and allogenic MC57 fibroblasts. In all, 45% of wild-type (wt) tumors were rejected in immunocompetent mice when transfected sCD70-secreting cells were injected three times in the periphery of the wt tumors. Furthermore, the sCD70-secreting TS/A cells induced a protective memory against wt TS/A tumor growth: 70% of the wt tumors used for the challenge were rejected by mice, which had rejected tumors 45 days before in the presence of sCD70-secreting TS/A cells. It was also shown that in vitro mock TS/A tumor cell proliferation was inhibited by splenocytes harvested from mice injected with TS/A cells expressing CD70. Growth kinetics of wt TS/A tumors in immunocompetent versus nude mice suggested that T lymphocytes were implicated in the antitumor response, which was confirmed by membrane expression of specific markers. The data suggest that injection of genetically transfected cells secreting sCD70 in the periphery of wt TS/A tumors induces T-cell-mediated inhibition of tumor growth and builds up a protective antitumor memory.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- CD27 Ligand
- Cell Line
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Membrane/metabolism
- Cell Proliferation
- Coculture Techniques
- Culture Media, Conditioned/chemistry
- Female
- Fibroblasts/metabolism
- Fibroblasts/radiation effects
- Fibroblasts/transplantation
- Injections
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/immunology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/metabolism
- Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/pathology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/therapy
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/immunology
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Spleen/cytology
- Spleen/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Transfection
- Transplantation, Homologous
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Affiliation(s)
- Carine Cormary
- INSERM U563 CPTP, Département Innovation thérapeutique et Oncologie Moléculaire, Institut Claudius Regaud, 20-24 rue du pont Saint-Pierre, 31052 Toulouse Cedex, France
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30
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Arens R, Schepers K, Nolte MA, van Oosterwijk MF, van Lier RAW, Schumacher TNM, van Oers MHJ. Tumor rejection induced by CD70-mediated quantitative and qualitative effects on effector CD8+ T cell formation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 199:1595-605. [PMID: 15184507 PMCID: PMC2211777 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20031111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In vivo priming of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells results in their expansion and differentiation into effector T cells followed by contraction into a memory T cell population that can be maintained for life. Recent evidence suggests that after initial antigenic stimulation, the magnitude and kinetics of the CD8+ T cell response are programmed. However, it is unclear to what extent CD8+ T cell instruction in vivo is modulated by costimulatory signals. Here, we demonstrate that constitutive ligation of the tumor necrosis factor receptor family member CD27 by its ligand CD70 quantitatively augments CD8+ T cell responses to influenza virus infection and EL-4 tumor challenge in vivo by incrementing initial expansion and maintaining higher numbers of antigen-specific T cells in the memory phase. Concomitantly, the quality of antigen-specific T cells improved as evidenced by increased interferon (IFN)-gamma production and a greater cytotoxic potential on a per cell basis. As an apparent consequence, the superior effector T cell formation induced by CD70 protected against a lethal dose of poorly immunogenic EL4 tumor cells in a CD8+ T cell- and IFN-gamma-dependent manner. Thus, CD70 costimulation enhances both the expansion and per cell activity of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramon Arens
- Laboratory for Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands
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31
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Abstract
Interactions between co-stimulatory ligands and their receptors are crucial for the activation of T cells, the prevention of tolerance and the development of T-cell immunity. It is now evident that members of the immunoglobulin-like CD28-B7 co-stimulatory family cannot fully account for an effective long-lasting T-cell response or the generation of memory T cells. Several members of the tumour-necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily--OX40, 4-1BB, CD27, CD30 and HVEM (herpes-virus entry mediator)--are poised to deliver co-stimulatory signals both early and late after encounter with antigen. The roles of these molecules in initiating and sustaining the T-cell response and in promoting long-lived immunity are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Croft
- Division of Molecular Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, San Diego, California 92121, USA.
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Abstract
Costimulatory signals have been defined as signals brought about by ligation of membrane bound molecules that synergize with, or modify, signals provided when the T cell receptor engages peptide-MHC complexes. In large part, costimulatory signals are essential for many facets of a T cell response, and the general rule is that without these signals, a T cell is ineffective and may often succumb to death or become unresponsive. Until recently, costimulation has been dominated by studies of the Ig superfamily member, CD28, a constitutively expressed molecule that is required to initiate a majority of T cell responses. However, growing evidence over the past few years has now shown that several members of the TNFR family, OX40 (CD134), 4-1BB (CD137), and CD27, are equally important to the effective generation of many types of T cell response. In contrast to CD28, these molecules are either induced or highly upregulated on the T cell surface a number of hours or days after recognition of antigen, and appear to provide signals to allow continued cell division initially regulated by CD28 and/or to prevent excessive cell death several days into the response. An argument can be made that these molecules control the absolute number of effector T cells that are generated at the peak of the immune response and dictate the frequency of memory T cells that subsequently develop. The exact relationship between OX40, 4-1BB, and CD27, is at present unknown, including whether these molecules act together, or sequentially, or control differing types of T cell response. This review will focus on recent studies of these molecules and discuss their implications.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD
- CD27 Ligand
- Gene Expression
- Humans
- Ligands
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/immunology
- Mice
- Models, Immunological
- Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor/genetics
- Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor/immunology
- Receptors, OX40
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/genetics
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/immunology
- Signal Transduction
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 7/genetics
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 7/immunology
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 9
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Croft
- Division of Molecular Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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Hodge JW, Grosenbach DW, Schlom J. Vector-based delivery of tumor-associated antigens and T-cell co-stimulatory molecules in the induction of immune responses and anti-tumor immunity. CANCER DETECTION AND PREVENTION 2003; 26:275-91. [PMID: 12430632 DOI: 10.1016/s0361-090x(02)00095-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
It has now been demonstrated in both experimental models and recent clinical trials that certain "self" antigens, which are functionally non-immunogenic in the host, can become immunogenic if presented to the immune system in a certain way. Here, we describe recombinant vaccines and vaccine strategies that have been developed to induce and potentiate T-cell responses of the host to such self-antigens. These strategies include: (a) the use of recombinant poxvirus vectors in which the tumor-associated antigen (TAA) is inserted as a transgene. Recombinant vaccinia vaccines and recombinant avipox (replication-defective) vaccines have been employed to break tolerance to a self-antigen; (b) the use of diversified prime and boost strategies using different vaccines; and (c) the insertion of multiple T-cell co-stimulatory molecules into recombinant poxvirus vectors, along with the TAA gene, to enhance T-cell immune responses to the TAA and induce anti-tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W Hodge
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Hodge JW, Tsang KY, Poole DJ, Schlom J. General keynote: vaccine strategies for the therapy of ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2003; 88:S97-104; discussion S110-3. [PMID: 12586096 DOI: 10.1006/gyno.2002.6694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James W Hodge
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, USA
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35
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DeBenedette M, Radvanyi L, Singh-Sandhu D, Berinstein NL. Anti-carcinoembryonic antigen immunity. CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY AND BIOLOGICAL RESPONSE MODIFIERS 2003; 21:299-325. [PMID: 15338752 DOI: 10.1016/s0921-4410(03)21015-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
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36
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Held-Feindt J, Mentlein R. CD70/CD27 ligand, a member of the TNF family, is expressed in human brain tumors. Int J Cancer 2002; 98:352-6. [PMID: 11920585 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.10207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
CD70 (CD27 ligand) has been implicated in proapoptotic signals mediated by its receptor CD27 in lymphocytes as well as in proliferative effects induced by reverse signaling in CD70-positive hematopoetic tumor cells. We were able to show that CD70 is expressed at the mRNA and protein level in human meningioma cells, glioma cells from solid human gliomas as well as glioma cell lines and 1 ependynoma. The intensity of CD70 expression varies considerably between different samples from 1 tumor type. In the U343 glioma cell line, CD70 was preferentially localized in the cell processes. Thus, our studies identify CD70 as a new marker molecule in brain tumors that are of nonhematopoetic origin.
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37
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Abstract
There is a clear need for new, selective, cancer treatments that do not cause the cross-resistance which occurs with currently available chemotherapeutic agents. Gene therapy is a promising approach, but to date, it has shown limited effectiveness in clinical trials because of insufficient gene transduction. Many investigators are now revisiting the 'old' idea of using tumour-specific, replication-selective viruses or bacteria to treat cancer. These agents can be directly oncolytic, but can also be used to simultaneously express therapeutic genes in target cells or induce tumour-specific, cell-mediated immunity. We discuss the promise of this rapidly evolving field and examine the potential barriers to its success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynda K Hawkins
- Imperial College School of Medicine, Imperial Cancer Research Fund Programme for Viral and Genetic Therapy of Cancer, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
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38
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Kelly JM, Darcy PK, Markby JL, Godfrey DI, Takeda K, Yagita H, Smyth MJ. Induction of tumor-specific T cell memory by NK cell-mediated tumor rejection. Nat Immunol 2002; 3:83-90. [PMID: 11743585 DOI: 10.1038/ni746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells may modulate the development of adaptive immune responses, but until now there has been little evidence to support this hypothesis. We investigated the primary and secondary immunity elicited by various tumor cell lines that express CD70 and interact with CD70 ligand (CD27), which is constitutively expressed on NK cells. CD70 expression enhanced primary tumor rejection in vivo as well as T cell immunity against secondary tumor challenge. Primary rejection of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-deficient RMA-S.CD70 tumor cells was mediated by NK cells and perforin- and interferon-gamma-dependent mechanisms. This NK cell-mediated process also efficiently evoked the subsequent development of tumor-specific cytotoxic and T helper type 1 responses to the parental, MHC class I-sufficient, RMA tumor cells. Thus CD27-CD70 interactions provide a key link between innate NK cell responses and adaptive T cell immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice M Kelly
- Cancer Immunology Program, Sir Donald and Lady Trescowthick Laboratories, Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, St. Andrews Place, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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39
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Arens R, Tesselaar K, Baars PA, van Schijndel GM, Hendriks J, Pals ST, Krimpenfort P, Borst J, van Oers MH, van Lier RA. Constitutive CD27/CD70 interaction induces expansion of effector-type T cells and results in IFNgamma-mediated B cell depletion. Immunity 2001; 15:801-12. [PMID: 11728341 DOI: 10.1016/s1074-7613(01)00236-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The interaction between the TNF receptor family member CD27 and its ligand CD70 provides a costimulatory signal for T cell expansion. Normally, tightly regulated expression of CD70 ensures the transient availability of this costimulatory signal. Mice expressing constitutive CD70 on B cells had higher peripheral T cell numbers that showed increased differentiation toward effector-type T cells. B cell numbers in CD70 transgenic (TG) mice progressively decreased in primary and secondary lymphoid organs. This B cell depletion was caused by CD27-induced production of IFNgamma in T cells. We conclude that apart from its role in controlling the size of the activated T cell pool, CD27 ligation contributes to immunity by facilitating effector T cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Arens
- Department of Hematology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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40
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Hodge JW, Schlom J. Costimulatory molecules in vaccine design. ERNST SCHERING RESEARCH FOUNDATION WORKSHOP 2000:23-52. [PMID: 10943315 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-04183-3_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J W Hodge
- National Cancer Institute, Tumor Immunology and Biology Branch, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD 20879, USA
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41
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Tobi M, Chintalapani S, Kithier K, Clapp N. Carcinoembryonic antigen family of adhesion molecules in the cotton top tamarin (Saguinus oedipus). Cancer Lett 2000; 157:45-50. [PMID: 10893441 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3835(00)00482-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Humans and the cotton top tamarin, a model for colitis and colorectal cancer, share carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) moieties. We quantified CEA in colonic washings and extracts in both, and CEA bands were confirmed by Western blot. We compared CEA-family expression in tissues and serum in the tamarin with that of the common marmoset, which develops colitis but not cancer. CEA levels are higher in tamarin washings compared with humans, and higher than in marmosets extracts (P<0.005). CEA molecular species appear to be specific, and human CEA-family member epitopes are also found in these primates. The higher CEA levels in the tamarin may reflect the overall higher cancer prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tobi
- Department of Medicine, John D. Dingell VAMC, Center for Molecular Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
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42
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Abstract
T-cell activation has now been shown to require at least two signals. The first signal is antigen-specific, is delivered through the T-cell receptor (TCR) via the peptide/major histocompatibility complex (MHC), and causes the T cell to enter the cell cycle. The second, or co-stimulatory, signal is required for cytokine production and proliferation, and is mediated through ligand interaction on the surface of the T cell. This chapter deals with: 1) comparative studies on the use of a dual-gene construct of a recombinant vaccinia (rV) vector containing a tumor-associated antigen (TAA) gene and a co-stimulatory molecule gene vs the use of admixtures of rV-TAA and rV containing the co-stimulatory molecule to induce anti-tumor immunity; 2) the use of an admixture of vaccinia viruses containing a TAA gene and the B7-1 co-stimulatory molecule gene to induce a therapeutic response in a lung metastasis tumor model; 3) the antitumor efficacy of whole-tumor-cell vaccines in which the B7-1 co-stimulatory molecule is expressed in a tumor-cell vaccine via a vaccinia vs a retroviral vector; 4) the use of recombinant poxviruses containing the genes for the co-stimulatory molecules ICAM-1 or LFA-3 to induce antitumor immunity; and 5) the use of poxvirus vectors containing a triad of co-stimulatory molecules (B7-1, ICAM-1 and LFA-3) that synergize to enhance both CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses to a new threshold.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Schlom
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda MD 20892-1750, USA.
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