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Moshkelgosha V, Zandian R, Sohrabi M, Fekrazad R. Effect of CO 2 Laser-Assisted Titanium Tetra-fluoride on Demineralization of Enamel Around Orthodontic Brackets. J Lasers Med Sci 2024; 15:e9. [PMID: 39050994 PMCID: PMC11267097 DOI: 10.34172/jlms.2024.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Introduction: One of the clinical problems following orthodontic treatment is white spot lesions around orthodontic brackets due to enamel demineralization. Confronting enamel demineralization during fixed treatments has long been a challenge for orthodontists. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of CO2 laser and Titanium Tetra-fluoride (TiF4) application on the prevention of enamel demineralization around orthodontic brackets. Methods: Eighty permanent premolars were selected and bonded with brackets. They were randomly divided into four groups (n=20): topical titanium tetra-fluoride gel 4% (TiF4), CO2 laser (10.6 μm wavelength for 10 seconds, peak power=291 W), fluoride+laser (F+L) and control (C). All specimens were demineralized for 10 days in a 0.2 M acetate buffer solution. The mean lesion depths were determined by using polarized light microscopy. Results: The mean depth of lesion was the highest in the C group and then decreased in the TiF4, CO2 laser, and F+L groups, respectively. The difference between all groups was significant (P<0.05), except for the CO2 laser and F+L groups. Conclusion: The lowest amount of demineralization around the orthodontic brackets was observed in the L+F group, followed by the CO2 laser, TiF4, and control groups, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Moshkelgosha
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Mona Sohrabi
- Dental Caries Prevention Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Science, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Reza Fekrazad
- Radiation Sciences Research Center, Laser Research Center in Medical Sciences, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- International Network for Photo Medicine and Photo Dynamic Therapy (INPMPDT), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
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2
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Eissa NM, Elshourbagy EM, Gomaa NE. Effect of sodium fluoride plus tricalcium phosphate with and without CO2 laser on remineralization of white spot lesions. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10752. [PMID: 36212006 PMCID: PMC9535291 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of NaF plus TCP with and without CO2 laser irradiation on management of demineralized enamel using microhardness test and digital microscopy. Methods Eighty intact extracted human premolar teeth were randomly divided into 4 groups (20/each). Each group was subjected to a demineralizing solution to create white spot lesion. Group 1 was treated with 3M Vanish™. Group 2 was irradiated with CO2 laser. Group 3 was subjected to CO2 laser followed by 3M Vanish™. Group 4 was treated by 3M Vanish™ then CO2 laser. The teeth were immersed in artificial saliva. Surface microhardness was measured for each tooth before demineralization at base line (M1 as a control), after demineralization (M2) and after management (M3). Comparison of microhardness values between groups was performed using one way ANOVA test with significant level (0.05) followed by multiple comparisons post-hoc Tukey test between groups. Enamel surface was photographed by digital microscope. Results All intervention methods used in the current study significantly increased microhardness values of demineralized enamel (P < 0.001). Little improvement of enamel appearance was observed in all groups meanwhile using CO2 laser on demineralized enamel directly led to signs of white and black dots affecting the appearance of enamel surface. Significance The most effective intervention regarding microhardness was group 2 followed by group 3, group 4 and group 1. Coating the enamel surface with 3M Vanish™ before CO2 laser irradiation acted as a protective layer from the undesirable effects of laser on the teeth with increasing enamel microhardness values more than using Vanish alone. So the promising intervention method regarding both microhardness and appearance was group 4.
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Belcheva AB, Shindova MP. Caries inhibition with CO2-laser during orthodontic treatment: a study protocol for a randomized split-mouth controlled clinical trial. Trials 2022; 23:208. [PMID: 35279220 PMCID: PMC8917669 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-022-06117-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction White spot lesions associated with orthodontic treatment are a common problem. Recent studies reported increased resistance to acid demineralization of enamel after sub-ablative CO2-laser irradiation in a combination with fluoride application. The aim of the study is to assess the efficacy of CO2-laser in combination with a fluoride varnish in the prevention, severity, and extent of white spot lesions during orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances. Methods and analysis This is a protocol for a randomized, split-mouth controlled, clinical trial. The participants will be children aged 12–18 years at high caries risk, requiring fixed orthodontic treatment. The vestibular surfaces of maxillary anterior teeth of eligible patients will be exposed to CO2-laser irradiation in combination with fluoride therapy and fluoride therapy alone followed by bonding of orthodontic brackets. The patients will be recalled 6 and 12 months post-irradiation. Outcome measures will be visual examination with International Caries Detection and Assessment System criteria and SoproLife fluorescence. Data will be analyzed by Student’s t test for paired samples and proportional odds logistic regression model, p<0.05. Ethics and dissemination The study protocol has been approved by the Committee for Scientific Research Ethics, Medical University-Plovdiv, Bulgaria (Reference number P-605/27.03.2020, Protocol of approval No. 2/01.04.2021) and registered on a publicly accessible database. This research received institutional funding from the Medical University–Plovdiv, Bulgaria. The results will be presented through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04903275. Registered on June 2021. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13063-022-06117-y.
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Engel Y, Silva CVD, Ramos-Oliveira TM, Mantilla TF, Tavares JDP, Freitas PMD. Effect of CO2 laser combined with AmF/NaF/SnCl2 solution on the prevention of human and bovine enamel erosion. Braz Oral Res 2022; 36:e054. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2022.vol36.0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Ghelejkhani A, Nadalizadeh S, Rajabi M. Effect of casein-phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate and fluoride with/without erbium, chromium-doped yttrium, scandium, gallium, and garnet laser irradiation on enamel microhardness of permanent teeth. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/1735-3327.311427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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6
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Rafiei E, Fadaei Tehrani P, Yassaei S, Haerian A. Effect of CO 2 laser (10.6 μm) and Remin Pro on microhardness of enamel white spot lesions. Lasers Med Sci 2020; 35:1193-1203. [PMID: 32006264 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-020-02970-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the combined effect of CO2 laser irradiation and Remin Pro paste on microhardness of enamel white spot lesions (WSLs). Seventy-eight intact premolars were randomly assigned into six groups and then stored in a demineralizing solution to create WSLs. Afterwards, the teeth in group 6 (negative control) remained untreated, while groups 1 and 4 were exposed to CO2 laser irradiation (20 Hz, 1 W, 30 s) and Remin Pro paste, respectively. In groups 2 and 3, the teeth were exposed to laser either before (group 2) or after (group 3) Remin Pro application. The teeth in groups 1 to 5 were then immersed in artificial saliva for 90 days while subjected to fluoride mouthwash and weekly brushing. Finally, the teeth were sectioned, and Vickers microhardness was measured at the enamel surface and at 50, 100, and 150 μm from the surface. One sample of each group was also examined with scanning electron microscope (SEM). Data were analyzed by two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's test. The significance was set at 0.05. Laser irradiation followed by Remin Pro application (group 2) caused a significant increase in total WSLs' microhardness compared with laser alone (group 1) and control groups (P < 0.05). Microhardness at depths of 100 and 150 μm was also significantly greater in group 2 compared with those of group 3 and control groups (P < 0.05). Combined application of CO2 laser with Remin Pro paste, when laser is irradiated before the paste, is suggested for re-hardening of WSLs in deep layers of enamel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Rafiei
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Pooya Fadaei Tehrani
- Dental Students Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
| | - Soghra Yassaei
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Alireza Haerian
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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7
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Soltanimehr E, Bahrampour E, Yousefvand Z. Efficacy of diode and CO 2 lasers along with calcium and fluoride-containing compounds for the remineralization of primary teeth. BMC Oral Health 2019; 19:121. [PMID: 31217005 PMCID: PMC6585004 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-019-0813-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to assess the efficacy of a 980-nm diode and 10.6-μm CO2 laser accompanied by tricalcium phosphate-5% sodium fluoride (fTCP) and casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) for the remineralization of primary teeth. Methods In total, 117 extracted primary anterior teeth were randomly divided into eight experimental and one control group: (I) control (polished enamel), (II) fTCP varnish, (III) fTCP + diode laser, (IV) fTCP + CO2 laser, (V) CPP-ACP, (VI) CPP-ACP + diode laser, (VII) CPP-ACP + CO2 laser, (VIII) diode laser, and (IX) CO2 laser. The microhardness of 12 samples in each group and the enamel porosity of one sample in each group were assessed before and after demineralization and 28 days after remineralization. Data were analysed using two-way ANOVA. Results Significant differences existed in microhardness (P = 0.004) and percentage of remineralization (P < 0.001) after remineralization among the material groups such that the highest mean was noted in the CPP-ACP group. No significant difference was noted in microhardness (P = 0.052) or percentage of remineralization (P = 0.981) after remineralization among the laser groups. In all groups, porosities increased after demineralization and slightly decreased after remineralization; the greatest reduction in porosity of the material groups was noted in the fTCP group, and the CO2 group among the laser groups. The interaction effect of materials and lasers was not significant (P > 0.05). Conclusion The highest microhardness was achieved after remineralization with CPP-ACP. The efficacy of the diode and CO2 lasers was the same. No synergistic effect was found between materials and lasers. Trial registration This is not a human subject research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Soltanimehr
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ehsan Bahrampour
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Building No. 1, Shahid Beheshti Boulevard, Kermanshah, 6715847141, Iran.
| | - Zeynab Yousefvand
- School of Dentistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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8
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Serdar-Eymirli P, Turgut MD, Dolgun A, Yazici AR. The effect of Er,Cr:YSGG laser, fluoride, and CPP-ACP on caries resistance of primary enamel. Lasers Med Sci 2018; 34:881-891. [PMID: 30446860 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-018-2667-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this in vitro study was to determine the effect of different remineralization agents and laser on caries resistance of primary enamel. In the study, 150 sound primary molars were used. The initial microhardness values were measured and the teeth were randomly assigned to ten treatment groups (n = 15): no treatment/negative control (C), NaF, APF, fluoride varnish (FV), CPP-ACP, laser (L), L + NaF, L + APF, L + FV, L + CPP-ACP. The microhardness values were measured after the treatments and the pH cycle. The obtained data were analyzed statistically. One sample from each group was examined before treatment, after treatment, and after the pH cycle with a scanning electron microscope. While microhardness values after treatment compared to baseline increased, microhardness after the pH cycle decreased compared to after treatment values in all experimental groups (p < 0.05). In regard to the difference in microhardness after the pH cycle and baseline, there were no statistically significant differences between groups C and NaF and between C and CPP-ACP (p > 0.05). There was a significant difference between groups L and L + FV (p < 0.05), while no significant difference was noted between groups L and L + NaF, L + APF, L + CPP-ACP (p > 0.05). As a conclusion, FV is more effective when used in combination with laser than laser alone. NaF, CPP-ACP, and laser may be insufficient in protecting the primary teeth against acid attacks compared to FV used with laser.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinar Serdar-Eymirli
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Altindağ, 06100, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - M D Turgut
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Altindağ, 06100, Ankara, Turkey.,Hacettepe University Dental Laser Application and Research Center, Ankara, Turkey
| | - A Dolgun
- School of Science, College of Science, Engineering and Health RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - A R Yazici
- Hacettepe University Dental Laser Application and Research Center, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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9
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Khamverdi Z, Kordestani M, Panahandeh N, Naderi F, Kasraei S. Influence of CO2 Laser Irradiation and CPPACP Paste Application on Demineralized Enamel Microhardness. J Lasers Med Sci 2018; 9:144-148. [PMID: 30026901 DOI: 10.15171/jlms.2018.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: It has been suggested that the application of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate paste (CPP-ACP) and CO2 laser irradiation on enamel could increase the resistance of enamel to caries and acid attacks. The aim of the current study was to compare the influence of CPP-ACP paste application and irradiation of CO2 laser on microhardness of demineralized enamel. Methods: Thirty sound maxillary extracted premolars were selected. The crowns were cut at the cervical line and were split into facial and palatal halves. Specimens were mounted in selfcure acrylic blocks in such way that the enamel surface was exposed to 4×4 mm. After a pH cycling of the specimens, they were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=15), as follows: CG: Control group, LAS: CO2 laser, CP: CPP-ACP and LASCP: laser combined CPP-ACP treatment. The Vickers microhardness of the specimens was measured (500 g load, 5 seconds, 3 points). Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey tests (α =0.05). Results: The lowest mean Vickers microhardness value was observed in CG group (192.57±50.87 kg/mm2 ) and the highest in LASCP group (361.86±22.22 kg/mm2 ). There were significant differences between groups (P<0.001). The pairwise comparison of the groups revealed that there were significant differences between these groups: CG versus LAS, CP, LASCP (P<0.05) and LASCP versus LAS and CP (P<0.05). No significant difference between LAS group versus CP group (P>0.05) was observed. Conclusion: The results of the current study revealed that CO2 laser and CCP-ACP were effective for improvement of enamel hardness value after demineralization. Incorporation of CO2 laser irradiation and CCP-ACP paste application provides additional remineralizing potential for demineralized enamel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Khamverdi
- Dental Research Center, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Matin Kordestani
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Narges Panahandeh
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Naderi
- School of Dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Shahin Kasraei
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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10
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Belcheva A, El Feghali R, Nihtianova T, Parker S. Effect of the carbon dioxide 10,600-nm laser and topical fluoride gel application on enamel microstructure and microhardness after acid challenge: an in vitro study. Lasers Med Sci 2018; 33:1009-1017. [PMID: 29354864 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-018-2446-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this in-vitro study was to evaluate positive effects of the carbon dioxide laser (CO2, 10,600 nm) with acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) gel on enamel acid resistance. Twenty extracted human third molars (40 surfaces) were randomly assigned into four groups: group C, untreated control; group L, CO2 laser alone group; group F, APF 1.23% fluoride gel; and group FL, APF 1.23% gel and laser. Samples from group L were irradiated with a CO2 laser for 30s. The parameter settings used were average power, 0.73 W; time on, 100 μs; time off, 40 ms; tip-to-tissue distance, 20 mm; tip diameter 700 μm; and energy density with movements, 5 J/cm2. Samples from group F were treated with the APF gel for 4 min, and the gel was washed off with distilled water. The enamel samples from group FL were treated with APF gel for 4 min and then irradiated with the CO2 laser for 30s without removing the gel. Each enamel sample was placed in 50 ml soft drink (pH = 2.75) for 10 min then rinsed with deionized water and stored in artificial saliva at 37 °C for 1 h. Samples were assessed for Vickers hardness number (VHN) before and after treatments and subjected to SEM analysis. Data were analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's test (α < 0.05). After the acid challenge, the untreated C group was demineralized to a great extent and the enamel surface was with the lowest mean score of microhardness. The observed VHN in the control (C group) had a mean value of 176.13, the scores in the CO2 laser group (L group) were with mean value of 238.40, the F group with a mean value of 218.45, and the fluoride-treated and laser-irradiated FL group-with a mean of 268.28 VHN. Paired t test performed to compare groups C, L, F, and FL has shown that group FL has greater resistance to decrease in microhardness of dental enamel (P ≤ 0.05) on exposure to acidic protocol. After the acid challenge, the fluoride-treated and laser-irradiated samples (group FL) showed the least diminution in enamel surface microhardness. The sub-ablative carbon dioxide laser irradiation in combination with fluoride treatment is more effective in protecting enamel surface and resisting demineralization than CO2 laser irradiation or fluoride alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Belcheva
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dental medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
| | - R El Feghali
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - T Nihtianova
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dental medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - S Parker
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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11
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Chang NYN, Jew JM, Simon JC, Chen KH, Lee RC, Fried WA, Cho J, Darling CL, Fried D. Influence of multi-wavelength laser irradiation of enamel and dentin surfaces at 0.355, 2.94, and 9.4 μm on surface morphology, permeability, and acid resistance. Lasers Surg Med 2017; 49:913-927. [PMID: 28699676 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.22700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ultraviolet (UV) and infrared (IR) lasers can be used to specifically target protein, water, and mineral, respectively, in dental hard tissues to produce varying changes in surface morphology, permeability, reflectivity, and acid resistance. The purpose of this study was to explore the influence of laser irradiation and topical fluoride application on the surface morphology, permeability, reflectivity, and acid resistance of enamel and dentin to shed light on the mechanism of interaction and develop more effective treatments. METHODS Twelve bovine enamel surfaces and twelve bovine dentin surfaces were irradiated with various combinations of lasers operating at 0.355 (Freq.-tripled Nd:YAG (UV) laser), 2.94 (Er:YAG laser), and 9.4 μm (CO2 laser), and surfaces were exposed to an acidulated phosphate fluoride gel and an acid challenge. Changes in the surface morphology, acid resistance, and permeability were measured using digital microscopy, polarized light microscopy, near-IR reflectance, fluorescence, polarization sensitive-optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT), and surface dehydration rate measurements. RESULTS Different laser treatments dramatically influenced the surface morphology and permeability of both enamel and dentin. CO2 laser irradiation melted tooth surfaces. Er:YAG and UV lasers, while not melting tooth surfaces, showed markedly different surface roughness. Er:YAG irradiation led to significantly rougher enamel and dentin surfaces and led to higher permeability. There were significant differences in acid resistance among the various treatment groups. CONCLUSION Surface dehydration measurements showed significant changes in permeability after laser treatments, application of fluoride and after exposure to demineralization. CO2 laser irradiation was most effective in inhibiting demineralization on enamel while topical fluoride was most effective for dentin surfaces. Lasers Surg. Med. 49:913-927, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nai-Yuan N Chang
- Division of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Jamison M Jew
- Division of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Jacob C Simon
- Division of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Kenneth H Chen
- Division of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Robert C Lee
- Division of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143
| | - William A Fried
- Division of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Jinny Cho
- Division of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Cynthia L Darling
- Division of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Daniel Fried
- Division of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143
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12
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Paulos RS, Seino PY, Fukushima KA, Marques MM, de Almeida FCS, Ramalho KM, de Freitas PM, Brugnera A, Moreira MS. Effect of Nd:YAG and CO 2 Laser Irradiation on Prevention of Enamel Demineralization in Orthodontics: In Vitro Study. Photomed Laser Surg 2017; 35:282-286. [PMID: 28157423 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2016.4235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate Nd:YAG and CO2 laser effects in the prevention of demineralization in deeper layers of enamel via successive acid challenge cycles. BACKGROUND DATA Lasers are promising in the prevention of enamel demineralization around the orthodontic brackets; however, there are very few studies that evaluate if the effects of treatment could be extended after successive acid challenge cycles due to permanent enamel structural alterations. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human enamel samples were divided into five groups (n = 12): G1-application of 1.23% acidulated fluoride phosphate gel (AFP, control); G2-Nd:YAG laser irradiation (0.6 W, 84.9 J/cm2, 10 Hz, 110 μs, contact mode); G3-Nd:YAG laser irradiation associated with AFP; G4-CO2 laser irradiation (0.5 W, 28.6 J/cm2, 50 Hz, 5 μs, and 10 mm focal distance); and G5-CO2 laser irradiation associated with AFP. The samples were submitted to successive acid challenge cycles. Quantitative light-induced fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy were used to assess enamel demineralization. The data were statistically compared (α = 5%). RESULTS G1: 50.87 ± 4.57; G2: 47.72 ± 2.87; G3: 50.96 ± 4.01; G4: 28.21 ± 2.19; and G5: 30.13 ± 6.38. The CO2 laser groups had significantly lower mineral losses than those observed in all other groups after successive acid challenge cycles. CONCLUSIONS Only the CO2 laser (10.6 μm) irradiation prevents enamel demineralization around the orthodontic brackets even after exposure to successive acid challenges. The CO2 laser at 10.6 μm showed a deeper effect in enamel regarding caries prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Siva Paulos
- 1 Master Program in Biodentistry, Ibirapuera University , São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marcia Martins Marques
- 2 Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo , São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Aldo Brugnera
- 4 Department of Biomedicine Engineering, Camilo Castelo Branco University , São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Stella Moreira
- 1 Master Program in Biodentistry, Ibirapuera University , São Paulo, Brazil .,2 Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo , São Paulo, Brazil .,5 Universidade Nove de Julho , São Paulo, Brazil
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13
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Fekrazad R, Najafi A, Mahfar R, Namdari M, Azarsina M. Comparison of enamel remineralization potential after application of titanium tetra fluoride and carbon dioxide laser. Laser Ther 2017; 26:113-119. [PMID: 28785131 DOI: 10.5978/islsm.17-or-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The aim was comparison of enamel remineralization after application of APF, TiF4 and CO2 laser alone or in combination. MATERIALS AND METHODS Enamel blocks were prepared from human third molars. The initial surface hardness was determined by Vicker's hardness tester. The samples underwent a demineralization regimen for 7 days to produce artificial initial caries. The hardness of enamel blocks with white spot lesions was measured, and the samples which had the mean hardness change of 65-90%, were selected, and randomly divided into 5 groups (N=15): G1: control; G2: APF 1.23%; G3: TiF4 4%; G4: TiF4 4% followed by CO2 laser (10.6 µm wavelength, 1 W peak power, 10 ms pulse duration, 500 ms repeat time, 0.2 mm beam spot size, 2 cm distance); G5: CO2 laser (same parameters) followed by TiF4 4%. Surface hardness recovery was measured after the treatments. Three samples in each group were observed under scanning electron microscope at ×1,000 magnification. Data were analyzed by repeated measure ANOVA and Bonferrouni tests. Significance level was set at 0.05. RESULTS G2, G3, G4 indicated significant differences with control and G5 (p<0.05). Surface hardness in G5 was not significantly different from control (p=0.7) in enamel hardness test. There was not a significant difference between G2 & G3, G2 & G4, and G3 & G4 (p=1). The SEM results indicated globules of calcium fluoride on the surface in G2, and a smooth glaze-like surface layer in G3 and G4. In G5, some micro-cracks without any glaze-like layer were observed. CONCLUSIONS APF, TiF4 and TiF4 before CO2 laser irradiation significantly increased the micro-hardness of initially demineralized enamel surfaces. CO2 laser irradiation before TiF4 application could not remineralize the white-spot lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Fekrazad
- DDS, MSc, FLD, FICD; Associate professor of periodontology department, Dental Faculty-Laser Research Center in Medical Sciences, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Najafi
- DDS; Assistant Professor of Operative Dentistry, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramona Mahfar
- Dental Student; Department of Operative Dentistry, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahshid Namdari
- PhD; Assistant Professor of Biostatistics Department, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohadese Azarsina
- DDS; Assistant Professor of Operative Dentistry, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Effect of a CO2 Laser on the Inhibition of Root Surface Caries Adjacent to Restorations of Glass Ionomer Cement or Composite Resin: An In Vitro Study. ScientificWorldJournal 2015; 2015:298575. [PMID: 26347900 PMCID: PMC4549616 DOI: 10.1155/2015/298575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of CO2 laser irradiation on the inhibition of secondary caries on root surfaces adjacent to glass ionomer cement (GIC) or composite resin (CR) restorations. 40 dental blocks were divided into 4 groups: G1 (negative control): cavity preparation + adhesive restoration with CR; G2: (positive control) cavity preparation + GIC restoration; G3: equal to group 1 + CO2 laser with 6 J/cm2; G4: equal to group 2 + CO2 laser. The blocks were submitted to thermal and pH cycling. Dental demineralization around restorations was quantified using microhardness analyses and Light-Induced Fluorescence (QLF). The groups showed no significant differences in mineral loss at depths between 20 μm and 40 μm. At 60 μm, G2 and G3 ≠ G1, but G4 = G1, G2 and G3. At 80 μm, G4 ≠ G1, and at 100 μm, G4 = G2 = G1. At 140 and 220 μm, G2, G3, and G4 = G1. The averages obtained using QFL in groups 1, 2, 3, and 4 were 0.637, 0.162, 0.095, and 0.048, respectively. QLF and microhardness analyses showed that CO2 laser irradiation reduced mineral loss around the CR restorations but that it did not increase the anticariogenic effect of GIC restorations.
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Braga SRM, de Oliveira E, Sobral MAP. Effect of neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser and fluoride on the acid demineralization of enamel. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 8. [PMID: 26283312 DOI: 10.1111/jicd.12185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of the present study was to evaluate the protective effect of the neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser and acidic phosphate fluoride (APF) on enamel erosion caused by hydrochloric acid. METHODS Fifty human enamel specimens were distributed according to the following treatments (n = 10): untreated (control), APF (1.23%) 4 min, Nd:YAG laser (100 mJ, 1 W, 10 Hz, 141.5 J/cm2 ), APF + Nd:YAG laser, and Nd:YAG laser + APF. For 14 days the specimens were submitted to erosive challenge: 5 min in 3 mL hydrochloric acid (0.01 M, pH 2.2), rinsed with distilled water, and stored in artificial saliva for 3 h. This cycle was repeated four times per day. The calcium (Ca) loss was determined in demineralizing solution by atomic emission spectroscopy, and superficial roughness (Ra) was measured before and after the erosive challenge. RESULTS The mean Ca loss was (mg/L, ± standard deviation): control 12.74 ± 3.33, APF 1.71 ± 0.11, laser 1.64 ± 0.08, APF + laser 1.38 ± 0.08, and laser + APF 1.48 ± 0.07. Kruskal-Wallis test showed a significant difference between the control and other groups. APF + laser showed minor loss of Ca. After the erosive challenge, the APF + laser group showed Ra alteration. CONCLUSION A significant reduction in tooth dissolution was observed after fluoride application combined with Nd:YAG irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila Regina Maia Braga
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elisabeth de Oliveira
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Chemistry Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Angela Pita Sobral
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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dos Reis Derceli J, Faraoni-Romano JJ, Azevedo DT, Wang L, Bataglion C, Palma-Dibb RG. Effect of pretreatment with an Er:YAG laser and fluoride on the prevention of dental enamel erosion. Lasers Med Sci 2013; 30:857-62. [PMID: 24149579 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-013-1463-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the Er:YAG laser and its association with fluoride (1.23% acidulate phosphate fluoride gel) on the prevention of enamel erosion. Sixty specimens were obtained from bovine enamel (4 × 4 mm), which were ground flat, polished, and randomly divided into five groups according to the preventive treatments: control-fluoride application; L--Er:YAG laser; L+F--laser + fluoride; F+L--fluoride + laser; L/F--laser/fluoride simultaneously. Half of the enamel surface was covered with nail varnish (control area), and the other half was pretreated with one of the preventive strategies to subsequently be submitted to erosive challenge. When the laser was applied, it was irradiated for 10 s with a focal length of 4 mm and 60 mJ/2 Hz. Fluoride gel was applied for 4 min. Each specimen was individually exposed to regular Coca-Cola® for 1 min, four times/day, for 5 days. Wear analysis was performed with a profilometer, and demineralization was assessed with an optical microscope. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test (wear)/Dunn test and ANOVA/Fisher's exact tests. The group L/F was similar to control group. The other groups showed higher wear, which did not present differences among them. In the demineralization assessment, the groups F+L and L/F showed lower demineralization in relation to the other groups. It can be concluded that none preventive method was able to inhibit dental wear. The treatments L/F and F+L showed lower enamel demineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana dos Reis Derceli
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. do Café, s/n - Monte Alegre, CEP 14040-904, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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17
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Seino PY, Freitas PM, Marques MM, de Souza Almeida FC, Botta SB, Moreira MSNA. Influence of CO2 (10.6 μm) and Nd:YAG laser irradiation on the prevention of enamel caries around orthodontic brackets. Lasers Med Sci 2013; 30:611-6. [PMID: 23812850 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-013-1380-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
One possible undesirable consequence of orthodontic therapy is the development of incipient caries lesions of enamel around brackets. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of CO2 (λ = 10.6 μm) and Nd:YAG (λ = 1,064 nm) lasers associated or not with topical fluoride application on the prevention of caries lesions around brackets. Brackets were bonded to the enamel of 65 premolars. The experimental groups (n = 13) were: G1--application of 1.23% acidulated fluoride phosphate gel (AFP, control); G2--Nd:YAG laser irradiation (0.6 W, 84.9 J/cm(2), 10 Hz, 110 μs, contact mode); G3--Nd:YAG laser irradiation associated with AFP; G4--CO2 laser irradiation (0.5 W, 28.6 J/cm(2), 50 Hz, 5 μs, and 10 mm focal distance); and G5--CO2 laser irradiation associated with AFP. Quantitative light-induced fluorescence was used to assess enamel demineralization. The data were statistically compared (α = 5%). The highest demineralization occurred in the Nd:YAG laser group (G2, 26.15% ± 1.94). The demineralization of all other groups was similar to that of the control group. In conclusion, CO2 laser alone was able to control enamel demineralization around brackets at the same level as that obtained with topical fluoride application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Yumi Seino
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227, 05508-000, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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18
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Evaluation of acquired acid resistance of enamel surrounding orthodontic brackets irradiated by laser and fluoride application. Lasers Med Sci 2013; 29:1793-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-013-1328-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Poosti M, Ahrari F, Moosavi H, Najjaran H. The effect of fractional CO2 laser irradiation on remineralization of enamel white spot lesions. Lasers Med Sci 2013; 29:1349-55. [PMID: 23519913 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-013-1290-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the combined effect of fractional CO(2) laser irradiation and fluoride on treatment of enamel caries. Sixty intact premolars were randomly assigned into four groups and then stored in a demineralizing solution to induce white spot lesions. Tooth color was determined at baseline (T1) and after demineralization (T2). Afterwards, the teeth in group 1 remained untreated (control), while group 2 was exposed to an acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) gel for 4 min. In groups 3 and 4, a fractional CO(2) laser was applied (10 mJ, 200 Hz, 10 s) either before (group 3) or through (group 4) the APF gel. The teeth were then immersed in artificial saliva for 90 days while subjected to daily fluoride mouthrinse and weekly brushing. Color examinations were repeated after topical fluoride application (T3) and 90 days later (T4). Finally, the teeth were sectioned, and microhardness was measured at the enamel surface and at 30 and 60 μ from the surface. In both lased groups, the color change between T1 and T4 stages (∆E(T1-T4)) was significantly lower than those of the other groups (p < 0.05). Laser irradiation followed by fluoride application (group 3) caused a significant increase in surface microhardness compared to APF alone and control groups (p < 0.05). Microhardness at depths of 30 and 60 μ was also significantly greater in group 3 compared to those of all other groups (p < 0.05). Application of a fractional CO(2) laser before fluoride therapy is suggested for recovering the color and rehardening of demineralized enamel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Poosti
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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20
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Effect of CO2 laser on root caries inhibition around composite restorations: an in vitro study. Lasers Med Sci 2013; 29:525-35. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-012-1259-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 12/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Vitale MC, Zaffe D, Botticell AR, Caprioglio C. Diode laser irradiation and fluoride uptake in human teeth. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2012; 12:90-2. [PMID: 21473839 DOI: 10.1007/bf03262785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M C Vitale
- Dept. of Paediatric Dentistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
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22
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Lepri TP, Colucci V, Turssi CP, Corona SAM. Permeability of eroded enamel following application of different fluoride gels and CO2 laser. Lasers Med Sci 2012; 28:235-40. [PMID: 22639231 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-012-1123-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2011] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the combined effect of fluoride compounds and CO(2) laser in controlling the permeability of eroded enamel. Bovine enamel slabs (3 × 2 mm) were cycled twice through an alternating erosion and remineralization regimen. Slabs were immersed in 20 ml of orange juice (pH 3.84) for 5 min under agitation, rinsed with deionized water, and stored in artificial saliva for 4 h to form erosive lesions. Specimens were then divided into four groups (n = 10), which were treated for 1 min with either a control or with one of the following gels: amine fluoride (AmF), titanium tetrafluoride (TiF(4)), or sodium fluoride (NaF). Half of the specimens were irradiated with a CO(2) laser (λ = 10.6 μm; 2.0 W). Specimens were cycled two more times through the aforementioned erosion-remineralization regimen and were subjected to permeability assessment. ANOVA demonstrated a significant interaction between fluoride and laser treatment (p = 0.0152). Tukey's test showed that when fluoride was applied alone, TiF(4) resulted in lower enamel permeability than that observed after application of the placebo gel. Intermediate permeability values were noted after NaF and AmF had been used. A significant reduction in enamel permeability was obtained when fluoride was combined with CO(2) laser treatment, with no difference between fluoride gels. Permeability of eroded enamel may be reduced by combining the application of fluoride gels with CO(2) laser irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taísa Penazzo Lepri
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry-USP, Avenida do Café, SN Monte Alegre, CEP 14040-904, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Nihei T, Kurata S, Ohashi K, Umemoto K, Teranaka T. Study on ceramic coating on the enamel surface using a carbon dioxide laser. Dent Mater J 2011; 30:212-5. [PMID: 21422667 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2010-111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to evaluate a new restorative method using a carbon dioxide laser (CO(2)-laser) and to evaluate the acid resistance of teeth. Experimental calcium phosphate glass (CPG) powder and two low melting point ceramics (Finesse and zirconium silicate) were fused to enamel surfaces using a CO(2)-laser at an irradiation intensity of 1.0 watt for 30 seconds with a beam size of 0.49 mm at the focal point. The treated teeth were observed with a scanning electron microscope, and the acid resistance of the treated enamel surfaces was evaluated. The CPG fused successfully to the enamel surface, and the treated enamel surface showed high acid resistance compared with the low melting point ceramics and the non-irradiated surfaces. This system may lead to the development of new restorative methods that do not require the use of bonding agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomotaro Nihei
- Division of Restorative Dentistry, Department of Oral Medicine, Kanagawa Dental College, 82 Inaoka-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 238-8580 Japan.
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Dentine caries inhibition through CO(2) laser (10.6μm) irradiation and fluoride application, in vitro. Arch Oral Biol 2010; 56:533-9. [PMID: 21176828 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2010.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2010] [Revised: 11/18/2010] [Accepted: 11/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of the study was to investigate whether dentine irradiation with a pulsed CO(2) laser (10.6μm) emitting pulses of 10 ms is capable of reducing dentine calcium and phosphorus losses in an artificial caries model. DESIGN The 90 dentine slabs obtained from bovine teeth were randomly divided into six groups (n=15): negative control group (GC); positive control group, treated with fluoride 1.23% (GF); and laser groups irradiated with 8 J/cm(2) (L8); irradiated as in L8+fluoride 1.23% (L8F); irradiated with 11 J/cm(2) (L11); irradiated as in L11+fluoride 1.23% (L11F). After laser irradiation the samples were submitted to a pH-cycling model for 9 days. The calcium and phosphorous contents in the de- and remineralization solutions were measured by means of inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer--ICP-OES. Additionally intrapulpal temperature measurements were performed. The obtained data were analysed by means of ANOVA and Tukey's test (α=0.05). RESULTS In the demineralization solutions the groups L11F and GF presented significantly lower means of calcium and phosphorous losses than the control group; and in L11F means were significantly lower than in the fluoride group. Both irradiation parameters tested caused intrapulpal temperature increase below 2°C. CONCLUSION It can be concluded that under the conditions of this study, CO(2) laser irradiation (10.6 μm) with 11 J/cm(2) (540 mJ and 10 Hz) of fluoride treated dentine surfaces decreases the loss of calcium and phosphorous in the demineralization process and does not cause excessive temperature increase inside the pulp chamber.
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Wiegand A, Magalhães AC, Navarro RS, Schmidlin PR, Rios D, Buzalaf MAR, Attin T. Effect of titanium tetrafluoride and amine fluoride treatment combined with carbon dioxide laser irradiation on enamel and dentin erosion. Photomed Laser Surg 2010; 28:219-26. [PMID: 19795997 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2009.2551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This in vitro study aimed to analyze the influence of carbon dioxide (CO(2)) laser irradiation on the efficacy of titanium tetrafluoride (TiF(4)) and amine fluoride (AmF) in protecting enamel and dentin against erosion. METHODS Bovine enamel and dentin samples were pretreated with carbon dioxide (CO(2)) laser irradiation only (group I), TiF(4) only (1% F, group II), CO(2) laser irradiation before (group III) or through (group IV) TiF(4) application, AmF only (1% F, group V), or CO(2) laser irradiation before (group VI) or through (group VII) AmF application. Controls remained untreated. Ten samples of each group were then subjected to an erosive demineralization and remineralization cycling for 5 days. Enamel and dentin loss were measured profilometrically after pretreatment, 4 cycles (1 day), and 20 cycles (5 days) and statistically analyzed using analysis of variance and Scheffe's post hoc tests. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis was performed in pretreated but not cycled samples (two samples each group). RESULTS After 20 cycles, there was significantly less enamel loss in groups V and IV and significantly less dentin loss in group V only. All other groups were not significantly different from the controls. Lased surfaces (group I) appeared unchanged in the SEM images, although SEM images of enamel but not of dentin showed that CO(2) laser irradiation affected the formation of fluoride precipitates. CONCLUSION AmF decreased enamel and dentin erosion, but CO(2) laser irradiation did not improve its efficacy. TiF(4) showed only a limited capacity to prevent erosion, but CO(2) laser irradiation significantly enhanced its ability to reduce enamel erosion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Wiegand
- Clinic for Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
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Comparison of effects of diode laser and CO2 laser on human teeth and their usefulness in topical fluoridation. Lasers Med Sci 2010; 26:317-24. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-010-0784-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2009] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Vlacic J, Meyers IA, Kim J, Walsh LJ. Laser-activated fluoride treatment of enamel against an artificial caries challenge: comparison of five wavelengths. Aust Dent J 2007; 52:101-5. [PMID: 17687954 DOI: 10.1111/j.1834-7819.2007.tb00472.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laser-activated fluoride (LAF) therapy with 488 nm laser energy has been shown previously to increase the resistance of human enamel and dentine to acid dissolution in laboratory models of dental caries. The aims of this study were to examine whether LAF therapy, conducted using a range of wavelengths in the visible and near infrared regions, can protect human dental enamel from an artificial cariogenic challenge. MATERIALS AND METHODS Buccal and lingual surfaces of extracted sound, molar and premolar teeth were used to prepare matched pairs of enamel slabs (N=10 per group). After application of neutral sodium fluoride gel (12300 ppm F ion), slab surfaces were lased (energy density 15 J/cm2; spot size 5mm, wavelength 532, 633, 670, 830 or 1064nm), then exposed to an artificial cariogenic challenge for a period of seven days. The Vicker's hardness number (VHN) was recorded before and after laser treatment and again following the cariogenic challenge. Negative controls did not receive laser exposure. RESULTS All wavelengths of laser light examined provided an effective LAF effect, compared with the unlased negative control surfaces. CONCLUSION Using this in vitro model, we conclude that the action spectrum of the LAF effect extends across the visible and near-infrared regions of the spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Vlacic
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane
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Villalba-Moreno J, González-Rodríguez A, López-González JDD, Bolaños-Carmona MV, Pedraza-Muriel V. Increased fluoride uptake in human dental specimens treated with diode laser. Lasers Med Sci 2007; 22:137-42. [PMID: 17216397 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-006-0425-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2006] [Accepted: 11/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The hypothesis of this study was the fact that diode lasers can increase the fluoride uptake in dental structures. The main objectives were: (1) to evaluate the effect of diode laser-NaF varnish combination on binding fluoride to dental enamel in an in vitro model and (2) to analyse outer enamel surface changes produced by the laser energy. After NaF enamel varnish and laser irradiation at different levels of energy, specimen surfaces were examined by environmental scanning electron microscopy. The incorporation of F(-) ion into the dental structure was quantitatively determined by using a fluoride ion-selective electrode. Results showed that the laser treatment significantly increased the binding of fluoride to the enamel surface without damaging it. The amount of F(-) estimated was 37 +/- 7 mg/l to the power of 5 W and 58 +/- 12 mg/l to the power of 7 W. These increases were significantly greater than the ones achieved by conventional topical fluoridation. The results were analysed and compared by Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's multiple comparison tests, and significant statistical differences were found. These suggest that the NaF varnish-diode laser combination may be a useful option for the effective fluoridation of teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Villalba-Moreno
- Department of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Granada School of Medicine and Dentistry, E-18071 Granada, Spain.
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Tepper SA, Zehnder M, Pajarola GF, Schmidlin PR. Increased fluoride uptake and acid resistance by CO2 laser-irradiation through topically applied fluoride on human enamel in vitro. J Dent 2004; 32:635-41. [PMID: 15476958 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2004.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2003] [Revised: 06/23/2004] [Accepted: 06/24/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the current in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of CO(2)-laser treatment immediately after applying amine fluoride solution on enamel. It was hypothesized that such a treatment would increase enamel fluoride uptake, and reduce dissolution rate and thermal surface alterations. METHODS Fluoride uptake was determined in 40 human enamel sections randomly assigned to four groups (n=10), which were either left untreated (1), exposed to a 1% amine fluoride solution for 15s without irradiation (2), irradiated for 15s with a continuous-wave carbon dioxide laser (3), or laser-treated for 15s through the amine fluoride solution applied immediately beforehand (4). Fluoride uptake was determined with an ion selective electrode after acid dissolution of the specimens (surface and subsurface layers). For the determination of acid resistance, another 40 enamel sections were treated according to the above protocol. Acid resistance was determined in surface and subsurface layers by measuring eluted calcium upon 3% lactic acid exposure with atomic absorption spectrometry. Enamel surface alterations after laser irradiation were monitored using scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS Laser irradiation through the fluoride solution led to significantly higher fluoride contents in the surface enamel layer compared to fluoride treatment alone or laser treatment alone (p=0.002). Laser treatment with or without fluoride resulted in an increased acid resistance of enamel specimens. Fewer surface alterations were observed upon SEM examination of specimens irradiated through the amine fluoride solution compared to counterparts treated with laser only. CONCLUSIONS CO(2) laser light application through an amine fluoride solution may be useful and effective in the prevention of caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Tepper
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, Dental Institute, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, Zurich 2028, Switzerland
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Bachmann L, Craievich AF, Zezell DM. Crystalline structure of dental enamel after Ho:YLF laser irradiation. Arch Oral Biol 2004; 49:923-9. [PMID: 15353249 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2004.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/26/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Irradiation of teeth with lasers using specific wavelengths and energy densities produces surface melting. This effect has been already applied to different procedures such as caries prevention and hypersensitivity reduction. The aim of this study is to characterize the crystalline structure of bovine enamel after holmium laser irradiation. A holmium laser (Ho:YLF) with emission wavelength of 2065 nm was used. Enamel tissues were irradiated in ablative regime and their structures before and after irradiation were analyzed using the powder X-ray diffraction technique. The X-ray diffraction patterns of non-irradiated enamel correspond to carbonated hydroxyapatite and those produced by irradiated samples indicate the existence of a mixture of two crystalline phases: hydroxyapatite and tetracalcium phosphate. The structural characteristics of holmium irradiated enamel were compared with those of the same tissue irradiated with other lasers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Bachmann
- Centro de Lasers e Aplicações-CLA, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares-IPEN, Av. Lineu Prestes, 2242 Cidade Universitária, 05508-900 São Paulo-SP, Brazil.
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Rodrigues LKA, Nobre dos Santos M, Pereira D, Assaf AV, Pardi V. Carbon dioxide laser in dental caries prevention. J Dent 2004; 32:531-40. [PMID: 15304298 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2004.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2003] [Revised: 03/25/2004] [Accepted: 04/06/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe CO2 laser characteristics and to review the literature regarding its effects on caries inhibition in enamel and dentin. Another aim of this review is to discuss the effects of CO2 laser in combination with fluoride. DATA AND SOURCES The literature was searched for review and original research papers relating CO2 laser characteristics, CO2 laser effects on enamel and dentin, use of CO2 laser in dental caries prevention and the effects of CO2 laser in combination with fluoride. The articles have been selected using Medline and manual tracing of references cited in key papers otherwise not elicited. STUDY SELECTION Dental studies pertinent to key aspects of review, and those that focus on CO2 laser. CONCLUSIONS Irradiation of dental enamel by specific wavelengths and fluencies of CO2 laser alters the hydroxyapatite crystals reducing the acid reactivity of the mineral; CO2 laser irradiation in combination with fluoride treatment is more effective in inhibiting caries-like lesions than CO2 laser irradiation or fluoride alone; When laser and fluoride are combined, it is possible to reduce laser energy density and fluoride levels; If this laser technology becomes available at a reasonable cost and the results can be applied in clinical practice, there will be a promising future for this laser in caries prevention.
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Laser literature watch. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL LASER MEDICINE & SURGERY 2002; 20:347-51. [PMID: 12513922 DOI: 10.1089/104454702320901152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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