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Sandoval-Villegas N, Nurieva W, Amberger M, Ivics Z. Contemporary Transposon Tools: A Review and Guide through Mechanisms and Applications of Sleeping Beauty, piggyBac and Tol2 for Genome Engineering. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105084. [PMID: 34064900 PMCID: PMC8151067 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Transposons are mobile genetic elements evolved to execute highly efficient integration of their genes into the genomes of their host cells. These natural DNA transfer vehicles have been harnessed as experimental tools for stably introducing a wide variety of foreign DNA sequences, including selectable marker genes, reporters, shRNA expression cassettes, mutagenic gene trap cassettes, and therapeutic gene constructs into the genomes of target cells in a regulated and highly efficient manner. Given that transposon components are typically supplied as naked nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) or recombinant protein, their use is simple, safe, and economically competitive. Thus, transposons enable several avenues for genome manipulations in vertebrates, including transgenesis for the generation of transgenic cells in tissue culture comprising the generation of pluripotent stem cells, the production of germline-transgenic animals for basic and applied research, forward genetic screens for functional gene annotation in model species and therapy of genetic disorders in humans. This review describes the molecular mechanisms involved in transposition reactions of the three most widely used transposon systems currently available (Sleeping Beauty, piggyBac, and Tol2), and discusses the various parameters and considerations pertinent to their experimental use, highlighting the state-of-the-art in transposon technology in diverse genetic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zoltán Ivics
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-6103-77-6000; Fax: +49-6103-77-1280
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TTYH1 and TTYH2 Serve as LRRC8A-Independent Volume-Regulated Anion Channels in Cancer Cells. Cells 2019; 8:cells8060562. [PMID: 31181821 PMCID: PMC6628158 DOI: 10.3390/cells8060562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Volume-regulated anion channels (VRACs) are involved in cellular functions such as regulation of cell volume, proliferation, migration, and cell death. Although leucine-rich repeat–containing 8A (LRRC8A) has been characterized as a molecular component of VRACs, here we show that Drosophila melanogaster tweety homologue 1 and 2 (TTYH1 and TTYH2) are critical for VRAC currents in cancer cells. LRRC8A-independent VRAC currents were present in the gastric cancer cell line SNU-601, but almost completely absent in its cisplatin-resistant derivative SNU-601-R10 (R10). The VRAC current in R10 was partially restored by treatment with trichostatin A (TSA), a histone deacetylase inhibitor. Based on microarray expression profiling of these cells, we selected two chloride channels, TTYH1 and TTYH2, as VRAC candidates. VRAC currents were completely absent from TTYH1- and TTYH2-deficient SNU-601 cells, and were clearly restored by expression of TTYH1 or TTYH2. In addition, we examined the expression of TTYH1 or TTYH2 in several cancer cell lines and found that VRAC currents of these cells were abolished by gene silencing of TTYH1 or TTYH2. Taken together, our data clearly show that TTYH1 and TTYH2 can act as LRRC8A-independent VRACs, suggesting novel therapeutic approaches for VRACs in cancer cells.
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Changing electrode orientation, but not pulse polarity, increases the efficacy of gene electrotransfer to tumors in vivo. Bioelectrochemistry 2014; 100:119-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2013.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Revised: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Ibey BL, Roth CC, Pakhomov AG, Bernhard JA, Wilmink GJ, Pakhomova ON. Dose-dependent thresholds of 10-ns electric pulse induced plasma membrane disruption and cytotoxicity in multiple cell lines. PLoS One 2011; 6:e15642. [PMID: 21390200 PMCID: PMC3027629 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0015642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2010] [Accepted: 11/18/2010] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we determined the LD50 (50% lethal dose) for cell death, and the ED50 (50% of cell population staining positive) for propidium (Pr) iodide uptake, and phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization for several commonly studied cell lines (HeLa, Jurkat, U937, CHO-K1, and GH3) exposed to 10-ns electric pulses (EP). We found that the LD50 varied substantially across the cell lines studied, increasing from 51 J/g for Jurkat to 1861 J/g for HeLa. PS externalized at doses equal or lower than that required for death in all cell lines ranging from 51 J/g in Jurkat, to 199 J/g in CHO-K1. Pr uptake occurred at doses lower than required for death in three of the cell lines: 656 J/g for CHO-K1, 634 J/g for HeLa, and 142 J/g for GH3. Both Jurkat and U937 had a LD50 lower than the ED50 for Pr uptake at 780 J/g and 1274 J/g, respectively. The mechanism responsible for these differences was explored by evaluating cell size, calcium concentration in the exposure medium, and effect of trypsin treatment prior to exposure. None of the studied parameters correlated with the observed results suggesting that cellular susceptibility to injury and death by 10-ns EP was largely determined by cell physiology. In contrast to previous studies, our findings suggest that permeabilization of internal membranes may not necessarily be responsible for cell death by 10-ns EP. Additionally, a mixture of Jurkat and HeLa cells was exposed to 10-ns EP at a dose of 280 J/g. Death was observed only in Jurkat cells suggesting that 10-ns EP may selectively kill cells within a heterogeneous tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bennett L Ibey
- 711th Human Performance Wing, Radio Frequency Radiation Branch, Air Force Research Laboratory, Brooks City-Base, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
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Ibey BL, Pakhomov AG, Gregory BW, Khorokhorina VA, Roth CC, Rassokhin MA, Bernhard JA, Wilmink GJ, Pakhomova ON. Selective cytotoxicity of intense nanosecond-duration electric pulses in mammalian cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2010; 1800:1210-9. [PMID: 20691249 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2010.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2010] [Revised: 07/23/2010] [Accepted: 07/28/2010] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nanosecond electric pulses (EP) disrupt cell membrane and organelles and cause cell death in a manner different from the conventional irreversible electroporation. We explored the cytotoxic effect of 10-ns EP (quantitation, mechanisms, efficiency, and specificity) in comparison with 300-ns, 1.8- and 9-μs EP. METHODS Effects in Jurkat and U937 cells were characterized by survival assays, DNA electrophoresis and flow cytometry. RESULTS 10-ns EP caused apoptotic or necrotic death within 2-20 h. Survival (S, %) followed the absorbed dose (D, J/g) as: S=alphaD((-K)), where coefficients K and alpha determined the slope and the "shoulder" of the survival curve. K was similar in all groups, whereas alpha was cell type- and pulse duration-dependent. Long pulses caused immediate propidium uptake and phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization, whereas 10-ns pulses caused PS externalization only. CONCLUSIONS 1.8- and 9-μs EP cause cell death efficiently and indiscriminately (LD₅₀ 1-3 J/g in both cell lines); 10-ns EP are less efficient, but very selective (LD₅₀ 50-80 J/g for Jurkat and 400-500 J/g for U937); 300-ns EP show intermediate effects. Shorter EP open propidium-impermeable, small membrane pores ("nanopores"), triggering different cell death mechanisms. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Nanosecond EP can selectively target certain cells in medical applications like tumor ablation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bennett L Ibey
- Radio Frequency Radiation Branch, 711th Human Performance Wing, Air Force Research Laboratory, Brooks City-Base, San Antonio, TX, USA
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Mesojednik S, Pavlin D, Sersa G, Coer A, Kranjc S, Grosel A, Tevz G, Cemazar M. The effect of the histological properties of tumors on transfection efficiency of electrically assisted gene delivery to solid tumors in mice. Gene Ther 2007; 14:1261-9. [PMID: 17597791 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3302989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Uniform DNA distribution in tumors is a prerequisite step for high transfection efficiency in solid tumors. To improve the transfection efficiency of electrically assisted gene delivery to solid tumors in vivo, we explored how tumor histological properties affected transfection efficiency. In four different tumor types (B16F1, EAT, SA-1 and LPB), proteoglycan and collagen content was morphometrically analyzed, and cell size and cell density were determined in paraffin-embedded tumor sections under a transmission microscope. To demonstrate the influence of the histological properties of solid tumors on electrically assisted gene delivery, the correlation between histological properties and transfection efficiency with regard to the time interval between DNA injection and electroporation was determined. Our data demonstrate that soft tumors with larger spherical cells, low proteoglycan and collagen content, and low cell density are more effectively transfected (B16F1 and EAT) than rigid tumors with high proteoglycan and collagen content, small spindle-shaped cells and high cell density (LPB and SA-1). Furthermore, an optimal time interval for increased transfection exists only in soft tumors, this being in the range of 5-15 min. Therefore, knowledge about the histology of tumors is important in planning electrogene therapy with respect to the time interval between DNA injection and electroporation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mesojednik
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloska 2, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Pucihar G, Kotnik T, Teissié J, Miklavcic D. Electropermeabilization of dense cell suspensions. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2007; 36:173-85. [PMID: 17294179 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-006-0115-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2006] [Revised: 11/08/2006] [Accepted: 11/17/2006] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This paper investigates the influence of cell density on cell membrane electropermeabilization. The experiments were performed on dense cell suspensions (up to 400 x 10(6) cells/ml), which represent a simple model for studying electropermeabilization of tissues. Permeabilization was assayed with a fluorescence test using Propidium iodide to obtain the mean number of permeabilized cells (i.e. fluorescence positive) and the mean fluorescence per cell (amount of loaded dye). In our study, as the cell density increased from 10 x 10(6) to 400 x 10(6) cells/ml, the fraction of permeabilized cells decreased by approximately 50%. We attributed this to the changes in the local electric field, which led to a decrease in the amplitude of the induced transmembrane voltage. To obtain the same fraction of cell permeabilization in suspensions with 10 x 10(6) and 400 x 10(6) cells/ml, the latter suspension had to be permeabilized with higher pulse amplitude, which is in qualitative agreement with numerical computations. The electroloading of the cells also decreased with cell density. The decrease was considerably larger than expected from the differences in the permeabilized cell fractions alone. The additional decrease in fluorescence was mainly due to cell swelling after permeabilization, which reduced extracellular dye availability to the permeabilized membrane and hindered the dye diffusion into the cells. We also observed that resealing of cells appeared to be slower in dense suspensions, which can be attributed to cell swelling resulting from electropermeabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gorazd Pucihar
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Trzaska 25, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Grosel A, Sersa G, Kranjc S, Cemazar M. Electrogene therapy with p53 of murine sarcomas alone or combined with electrochemotherapy using cisplatin. DNA Cell Biol 2007; 25:674-83. [PMID: 17233116 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2006.25.674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of our study was to evaluate feasibility and therapeutic potential of electrogene therapy with p53 alone or combined with electrochemotherapy using cisplatin on two murine sarcomas with different p53 status. Antitumor effectiveness of three consecutive electrogene treatments with p53 was more effective in wild-type LPB tumors than mutated SA-1 tumors, resulting in 21.4% of tumor cures in LPB tumors and 12.5% in SA-1 tumors. Pretreatment of tumors with electrogene therapy with p53 enhanced chemosensitivity of both tumor models treated by electrochemotherapy with cisplatin. After only one application of this treatment combination in the LPB tumor model, specific tumor growth delay was prolonged in the combined treatment group compared to electrogene therapy with p53 or electrochemotherapy with cisplatin alone, whereas in SA-1 tumors this treatment combination resulted in 31.6% of cured animals. Results of our study show that electrogene therapy with p53 alone or combined with electrochemotherapy is feasible and effective treatment of tumors. The combination of electrogene therapy and electrochemotherapy after only one application resulted in complete regression of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alenka Grosel
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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André FM, Cournil-Henrionnet C, Vernerey D, Opolon P, Mir LM. Variability of naked DNA expression after direct local injection: the influence of the injection speed. Gene Ther 2006; 13:1619-27. [PMID: 16871232 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3302827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The simple injection of DNA into muscles is known to result in the expression of the injected genes, even though at low and variable levels. We report that this variability in DNA expression is partly dependent on the injection speed. The acceleration of the injection speed from values around 2 mul/s up to ones around 25 mul/s (depending on the tissue) results in a significant increase in gene expression in skeletal muscle (280 times on an average) and in liver (50 times) and a nonsignificant sevenfold increase in tumors. Heparin, which inhibits the spontaneous uptake of the injected DNA, also inhibits the increases related to the injection speed. However, at the highest injection speed, this inhibition is not total because very fast injections provoke a direct permeabilization of the cells. This "hydroporation" could be similar to the permeabilization found in the hydrodynamics method based on the fast intravascular injection of a huge volume of DNA. Neither the "hydroporation" nor the heparin-inhibitable uptake mechanism induces histologically detectable lesions. There is a limited muscle cell stress independent of the injection speed. Heterogeneity in the injection speed might thus be an explanation for the variability in DNA expression after simple injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- F M André
- CNRS, UMR 8121, Laboratory of Vectorology and Gene Transfer, Institut Gustave-Roussy, Université Paris XI, 39 rue Camille Desmoulins, F-94805 Villejuif Cedex, France
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Sasaki T, Yoshida K, Kondo H, Ohmori H, Kuniyasu H. Heme oxygenase-1 accelerates protumoral effects of nitric oxide in cancer cells. Virchows Arch 2005; 446:525-31. [PMID: 15834587 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-005-1247-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2004] [Accepted: 03/01/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We examined the biological effects of nitric oxide (NO) and its mediator, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), in cancer. Urogenital cancer cell lines, SKRC, T24 and DU145, were treated with various concentrations of sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a NO donor. The medium nitrite concentration was exponentially increased according to the concentration of SNP. Cell growth inhibition by NO was observed only at high nitrite concentrations (>20 microM) in DU145 and T24 cells. Nitrite did not inhibit the growth of SKRC cells at any of the concentrations used. Doxorubicin (DXR) inhibited cell growth in the three cell lines, whereas growth inhibition recovered in the presence of <10 microM nitrite. The recovery of DXR-induced growth inhibition was closely associated with an increase in Bcl-2 in the presence of <10 microM nitrite. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion was also increased in the presence of <10 and <20 microM nitrite, respectively, in DU145 and SKRC or T24 cells. The expression of HO-1 was associated with sensitivity to NO-induced growth inhibition at constitutive levels, and was induced by SNP treatment. HO-1 inhibition by HO-1 antisense S-oligodeoxynucleotide treatment increased NO-induced growth inhibition, and decreased Bcl-2 expression or VEGF secretion in the three cell lines. These findings suggest that the NO/HO-1 system has protumoral effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takamitsu Sasaki
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 734-8521, Japan
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Mir LM, Moller PH, André F, Gehl J. Electric pulse-mediated gene delivery to various animal tissues. ADVANCES IN GENETICS 2005; 54:83-114. [PMID: 16096009 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2660(05)54005-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Electroporation designates the use of electric pulses to transiently permeabilize the cell membrane. It has been shown that DNA can be transferred to cells through a combined effect of electric pulses causing (1) permeabilization of the cell membrane and (2) an electrophoretic effect on DNA, leading the polyanionic molecule to move toward or across the destabilized membrane. This process is now referred to as DNA electrotransfer or electro gene transfer (EGT). Several studies have shown that EGT can be highly efficient, with low variability both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, the area transfected is restricted by the placement of the electrodes, and is thus highly controllable. This has led to an increasing use of the technology to transfer reporter or therapeutic genes to various tissues, as evidenced from the large amount of data accumulated on this new approach for non-viral gene therapy, termed electrogenetherapy (EGT as well). By transfecting cells with a long lifetime, such as muscle fibers, a very long-term expression of genes can be obtained. A great variety of tissues have been transfected successfully, from muscle as the most extensively used, to both soft (e.g., spleen) and hard tissue (e.g., cartilage). It has been shown that therapeutic levels of systemically circulating proteins can be obtained, opening possibilities for using EGT therapeutically. This chapter describes the various aspects of in vivo gene delivery by means of electric pulses, from important issues in methodology to updated results concerning the electrotransfer of reporter and therapeutic genes to different tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lluis M Mir
- Laboratory of Vectorology and Gene Transfer, UMR 8121 CNRS Institut Gustave-Roussy, F-94805 Villejuif Cédex, France
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André F, Mir LM. DNA electrotransfer: its principles and an updated review of its therapeutic applications. Gene Ther 2004; 11 Suppl 1:S33-42. [PMID: 15454955 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3302367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The use of electric pulses to transfect all types of cells is well known and regularly used in vitro for bacteria and eukaryotic cells transformation. Electric pulses can also be delivered in vivo either transcutaneously or with electrodes in direct contact with the tissues. After injection of naked DNA in a tissue, appropriate local electric pulses can result in a very high expression of the transferred genes. This manuscript describes the evolution in the concepts and the various optimization steps that have led to the use of combinations of pulses that fit with the known roles of the electric pulses in DNA electrotransfer, namely cell electropermeabilization and DNA electrophoresis. A summary of the main applications published until now is also reported, restricted to the in vivo preclinical trials using therapeutic genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- F André
- Laboratory of Vectorology and Gene Transfer, UMR 8121 CNRS - Institut Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif Cedex, France
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Cemazar M, Wilson I, Dachs GU, Tozer GM, Sersa G. Direct visualization of electroporation-assisted in vivo gene delivery to tumors using intravital microscopy - spatial and time dependent distribution. BMC Cancer 2004; 4:81. [PMID: 15546484 PMCID: PMC534104 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-4-81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2004] [Accepted: 11/16/2004] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Electroporation is currently receiving much attention as a way to increase drug and DNA delivery. Recent studies demonstrated the feasibility of electrogene therapy using a range of therapeutic genes for the treatment of experimental tumors. However, the transfection efficiency of electroporation-assisted DNA delivery is still low compared to viral methods and there is a clear need to optimize this approach. In order to optimize treatment, knowledge about spatial and time dependency of gene expression following delivery is of utmost importance in order to improve gene delivery. Intravital microscopy of tumors growing in dorsal skin fold window chambers is a useful method for monitoring gene transfection, since it allows non-invasive dynamic monitoring of gene expression in tumors in a live animal. Methods Intravital microscopy was used to monitor real time spatial distribution of the green fluorescent protein (GFP) and time dependence of transfection efficiency in syngeneic P22 rat tumor model. DNA alone, liposome-DNA complexes and electroporation-assisted DNA delivery using two different sets of electric pulse parameters were compared. Results Electroporation-assisted DNA delivery using 8 pulses, 600 V/cm, 5 ms, 1 Hz was superior to other methods and resulted in 22% increase in fluorescence intensity in the tumors up to 6 days post-transfection, compared to the non-transfected area in granulation tissue. Functional GFP was detected within 5 h after transfection. Cells expressing GFP were detected throughout the tumor, but not in the surrounding tissue that was not exposed to electric pulses. Conclusions Intravital microscopy was demonstrated to be a suitable method for monitoring time and spatial distribution of gene expression in experimental tumors and provided evidence that electroporation-assisted gene delivery using 8 pulses, 600 V/cm, 5 ms, 1 Hz is an effective method, resulting in early onset and homogenous distribution of gene expression in the syngeneic P22 rat tumor model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Cemazar
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Zaloska 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ian Wilson
- Tumour Microcirculation Group, Gray Cancer Institute, PO Box 100, Northwood HA6 2JR, UK
| | - Gabi U Dachs
- Tumour Microcirculation Group, Gray Cancer Institute, PO Box 100, Northwood HA6 2JR, UK
- Angiogenesis Research Group, Department of Pathology, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Gillian M Tozer
- Tumour Microcirculation Group, Gray Cancer Institute, PO Box 100, Northwood HA6 2JR, UK
- Academic Unit of Surgical Oncology, Division of Clinical Sciences, University of Sheffield, Floor K, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, S10 2JF, UK
| | - Gregor Sersa
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Zaloska 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Cho WK, Seong YR, Lee YH, Kim MJ, Hwang KS, Yoo J, Choi S, Jung CR, Im DS. Oncolytic effects of adenovirus mutant capable of replicating in hypoxic and normoxic regions of solid tumor. Mol Ther 2004; 10:938-49. [PMID: 15509511 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2004.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2004] [Accepted: 07/19/2004] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid tumors contain normoxic and hypoxic regions depending on the distance from the capillary. Normal cells may also be exposed to hypoxia under certain physiological conditions. Tumor hypoxia has been shown to associate strongly with tumor propagation and malignant progression. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1alpha is stable under hypoxia and induces transcription of target genes by binding to the hypoxia-response element (HRE). Here we investigated the oncolytic effects of a novel adenovirus mutant with a deleted E1B55 gene (Ad.Delta55.HRE), in which the expression of E1A, which is essential for adenoviral replication, is regulated under the control of an HRE-expression system. Ad.Delta55.HRE expressed E1A under normoxia and more E1A under hypoxia and exhibited oncolytic effects on various cultured tumor cells, but its cytotoxic effect is relatively attenuated in normal fibroblast cells under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Ad.Delta55.HRE lysed Huh-7 hepatoma cells stably expressing HIF-1alpha more effectively compared to parental cells. Ad.Delta55.HRE treatment exhibited significant antitumor activity in PC-3 prostate- and MDA-MB-435 breast tumor-bearing nude mice in which HIF-1alpha protein was immunohistochemically detected. The E1A and hexon proteins of adenovirus were immunostained in MDA-MB-435 xenografts after Ad.Delta55.HRE treatment, suggestive of viral replication. Our results suggest that Ad.Delta55.HRE may be useful for the treatment of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Kyung Cho
- Gene Therapy Research Unit/Cell Biology Laboratory, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yusong, Daejeon 305-333, Republic of Korea
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Lopez CA, Kimchi ET, Mauceri HJ, Park JO, Mehta N, Murphy KT, Beckett MA, Hellman S, Posner MC, Kufe DW, Weichselbaum RR. Chemoinducible gene therapy: A strategy to enhance doxorubicin antitumor activity. Mol Cancer Ther 2004. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.1167.3.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A replication-defective adenoviral vector, Ad.Egr-TNF.11D, was engineered by ligating the CArG (CC(A/T)6GG) elements of the Egr-1 gene promoter upstream to a cDNA encoding human tumor necrosis factor-α. We report here that Ad.Egr-TNF.11D is activated by the clinically important anticancer agents cisplatin, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, 5-fluorouracil, gemcitabine, and paclitaxel. N-acetylcysteine, a free radical scavenger, blocked induction of tumor necrosis factor-α by anticancer agents, supporting a role for reactive oxygen intermediates in activation of the CArG sequences. Importantly, resistance of PC-3 human prostate carcinoma and PROb rat colon carcinoma tumors to doxorubicin in vivo was reversed by combining doxorubicin with Ad.Egr-TNF and resulted in significant antitumor effects. Treatment with Ad.Egr-TNF.11D has been associated with inhibition of tumor angiogenesis. In this context, a significant decrease in tumor microvessel density was observed following combined treatment with doxorubicin and Ad.Egr-TNF.11D as compared with either agent alone. These data show that Ad.Egr-TNF.11D is activated by diverse anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Helena J. Mauceri
- 2Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois and
| | | | - Neil Mehta
- 2Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois and
| | - Kevin T. Murphy
- 2Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois and
| | - Michael A. Beckett
- 2Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois and
| | - Samuel Hellman
- 2Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois and
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