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Arnaud F, Black SG, Murphy L, Griffiths DJ, Neil SJ, Spencer TE, Palmarini M. Interplay between ovine bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2/tetherin and endogenous retroviruses. J Virol 2010; 84:4415-25. [PMID: 20181686 PMCID: PMC2863748 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00029-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2010] [Accepted: 02/15/2010] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Endogenous betaretroviruses (enJSRVs) of sheep are expressed abundantly in the female reproductive tract and play a crucial role in conceptus development and placental morphogenesis. Interestingly, the colonization of the sheep genome by enJSRVs is likely still ongoing. During early pregnancy, enJSRV expression correlates with the production of tau interferon (IFNT), a type I IFN, by the developing conceptus. IFNT is the pregnancy recognition signal in ruminants and possesses potent antiviral activity. In this study, we show that IFNT induces the expression of bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2 (BST2) (also termed CD317/tetherin) both in vitro and in vivo. The BST2 gene is duplicated in ruminants. Transfection assays found that ovine BST2 proteins (oBST2A and oBST2B) block release of viral particles produced by intact enJSRV loci and of related exogenous and pathogenic jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV). Ovine BST2A appears to restrict enJSRVs more efficiently than oBST2B. In vivo, the expression of BST2A/B and enJSRVs in the endometrium increases after day 12 and remains high between days 14 and 20 of pregnancy. In situ hybridization analyses found that oBST2A is expressed mainly in the endometrial stromal cells but not in the luminal and glandular epithelial cells, in which enJSRVs are highly expressed. In conclusion, enJSRVs may have coevolved in the presence of oBST2A/B by being expressed in different cellular compartments of the same organ. Viral expression in cells unable to express BST2 may be one of the mechanisms used by retroviruses to escape restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick Arnaud
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 464 Bearsden Road, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom, Center for Animal Biotechnology and Genomics, Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, Moredun Research Institute, Pentland Science Park, Penicuik, Scotland, United Kingdom, Department of Infectious Diseases, King's College London School of Medicine, London, United Kingdom, EPHE, Université de Lyon, INRA, UMR754, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon, IFR 128, Lyon, France
| | - Sarah G. Black
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 464 Bearsden Road, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom, Center for Animal Biotechnology and Genomics, Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, Moredun Research Institute, Pentland Science Park, Penicuik, Scotland, United Kingdom, Department of Infectious Diseases, King's College London School of Medicine, London, United Kingdom, EPHE, Université de Lyon, INRA, UMR754, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon, IFR 128, Lyon, France
| | - Lita Murphy
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 464 Bearsden Road, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom, Center for Animal Biotechnology and Genomics, Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, Moredun Research Institute, Pentland Science Park, Penicuik, Scotland, United Kingdom, Department of Infectious Diseases, King's College London School of Medicine, London, United Kingdom, EPHE, Université de Lyon, INRA, UMR754, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon, IFR 128, Lyon, France
| | - David J. Griffiths
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 464 Bearsden Road, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom, Center for Animal Biotechnology and Genomics, Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, Moredun Research Institute, Pentland Science Park, Penicuik, Scotland, United Kingdom, Department of Infectious Diseases, King's College London School of Medicine, London, United Kingdom, EPHE, Université de Lyon, INRA, UMR754, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon, IFR 128, Lyon, France
| | - Stuart J. Neil
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 464 Bearsden Road, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom, Center for Animal Biotechnology and Genomics, Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, Moredun Research Institute, Pentland Science Park, Penicuik, Scotland, United Kingdom, Department of Infectious Diseases, King's College London School of Medicine, London, United Kingdom, EPHE, Université de Lyon, INRA, UMR754, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon, IFR 128, Lyon, France
| | - Thomas E. Spencer
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 464 Bearsden Road, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom, Center for Animal Biotechnology and Genomics, Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, Moredun Research Institute, Pentland Science Park, Penicuik, Scotland, United Kingdom, Department of Infectious Diseases, King's College London School of Medicine, London, United Kingdom, EPHE, Université de Lyon, INRA, UMR754, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon, IFR 128, Lyon, France
| | - Massimo Palmarini
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 464 Bearsden Road, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom, Center for Animal Biotechnology and Genomics, Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, Moredun Research Institute, Pentland Science Park, Penicuik, Scotland, United Kingdom, Department of Infectious Diseases, King's College London School of Medicine, London, United Kingdom, EPHE, Université de Lyon, INRA, UMR754, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon, IFR 128, Lyon, France
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Lungu GF, Stoica G, Wong PKY. Down-regulation of Jab1, HIF-1alpha, and VEGF by Moloney murine leukemia virus-ts1 infection: a possible cause of neurodegeneration. J Neurovirol 2008; 14:239-51. [PMID: 18569458 DOI: 10.1080/13550280802093919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Moloney murine leukemia virus-temperature sensitive (MoMuLV-ts1)-mediated neuronal death is a result of both loss of glial support and release of cytokines and neurotoxins from ts1-infected glial cells. Here the authors propose vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) down-regulation as another contributory factor in neuronal degeneration induced by ts1 infection. To determine how ts1 affects VEGF expression in ts1-infected brain, the authors examined the expression of several proteins that are important in regulating the expression of VEGF. The authors found significant decreases in Jun-activating domain-binding protein 1 (Jab1), hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1alpha, and VEGF levels and increases in p53 protein levels in ts1-infected brains compared to noninfected control brains. The authors suggest that a decrease Jab1 expression in ts1 infection leads to accumulation of p53, which binds to HIF-1alpha to accelerate its degradation. A rapid degradation of HIF-1alpha leads to decreased VEGF production and secretion. Considering that endothelial cells are the most conspicuous in virus replication and production in ts1 infection, but are not killed by the infection, the authors examined the expression of these proteins using infected and noninfected mouse cerebrovascular endothelial (CVE) cells. The ts1- infected CVE cells showed decreased Jab1, HIF-1alpha, and VEGF mRNA and protein levels and increased p53 protein levels compared with noninfected cells, consistent with the results found in vivo. These results confirm that ts1 infection results in insufficient secretion of VEGF from endothelial cells and may result in decreased neuroprotection. This study suggested that ts1-mediated neuropathology in mice may result from changes in expression and activity of Jab1, p53, and HIF-1alpha, with a final target on VEGF expression and neuronal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina F Lungu
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
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Choi Y, Johnson GA, Spencer TE, Bazer FW. Pregnancy and interferon tau regulate major histocompatibility complex class I and beta2-microglobulin expression in the ovine uterus. Biol Reprod 2003; 68:1703-10. [PMID: 12606392 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.102.012708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules, consisting of an alpha chain and beta2-microglobulin (beta2MG), play an important role in immune rejection responses by discriminating self and nonself and are increased by type I interferons during antiviral responses. Interferon tau (IFNtau), the pregnancy-recognition signal in ruminants, is a type I interferon produced by the ovine conceptus between Days 11 and 21 of gestation. In study 1, expression of MHC class I alpha chain and beta2MG mRNA and protein was detected primarily in endometrial luminal epithelium (LE) and glandular epithelium (GE) on Days 10 and 12 of the estrous cycle and pregnancy. On Days 14-20 of pregnancy, MHC class I and beta2MG expression increased only in endometrial stroma and GE and, concurrently, was absent in LE and superficial ductal GE (sGE). Although neither MHC class I nor beta2MG proteins were detected in Day 20 trophectoderm, beta2MG mRNA was detected in conceptus trophectoderm. In study 2, cyclic ewes were ovariectomized on Day 5, treated daily with progesterone to Day 16, received intrauterine infusions between Days 11 and 16 of either control serum proteins or recombinant ovine IFNtau, and were hysterectomized on Day 17. The IFNtau increased MHC class I and beta2MG expression only in endometrial stroma and GE. During pregnancy, MHC class I and beta2MG gene expression is inhibited in endometrial LE and sGE but, paradoxically, is stimulated by IFNtau in the stroma and GE. The silencing of MHC class I alpha chain and beta2MG genes in the endometrial LE and sGE during pregnancy recognition and establishment may be a critical mechanism preventing immune rejection of the conceptus allograft.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngsok Choi
- Center for Animal Biotechnology and Genomics, Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843, USA
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