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Graham SM, Rajwans N, Richardson BA, Jaoko W, McClelland RS, Overbaugh J, Liles WC. Elevation of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 levels, but not angiopoietin 2, in the plasma of human immunodeficiency virus-infected African women with clinical Kaposi sarcoma. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2014; 91:705-8. [PMID: 25002294 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.14-0209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating levels of endothelial activation biomarkers are elevated in during infection with human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) and may also be increased in Kaposi sarcoma (KS). We compared 23 HIV-1-seropositive women with clinically diagnosed KS with 46 randomly selected controls matched for visit year, CD4 count, and antiretroviral therapy status. Conditional logistic regression was used to identify differences between cases and controls. The odds of clinical KS increased with increasing plasma viral load and with intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) levels above or equal to the median. There was a borderline association between increasing plasma angiopoietin 2 levels and KS. In multivariable modeling including plasma viral load, angiopoietin 2, and ICAM-1, plasma ICAM-1 levels above or equal to the median remained associated with clinical KS (odds ratio = 14.2, 95% confidence interval = 2.3-87.7). Circulating ICAM-1 levels should be evaluated as a potential biomarker for disease progression and treatment response among HIV-infected KS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan M Graham
- Departments of Medicine, Global Health, and Epidemiology, and Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Institute of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, and Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya; Office of Research Trainees, Toronto General Hospital-University Health Network, and Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Nimerta Rajwans
- Departments of Medicine, Global Health, and Epidemiology, and Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Institute of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, and Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya; Office of Research Trainees, Toronto General Hospital-University Health Network, and Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Barbra A Richardson
- Departments of Medicine, Global Health, and Epidemiology, and Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Institute of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, and Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya; Office of Research Trainees, Toronto General Hospital-University Health Network, and Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Walter Jaoko
- Departments of Medicine, Global Health, and Epidemiology, and Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Institute of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, and Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya; Office of Research Trainees, Toronto General Hospital-University Health Network, and Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - R Scott McClelland
- Departments of Medicine, Global Health, and Epidemiology, and Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Institute of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, and Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya; Office of Research Trainees, Toronto General Hospital-University Health Network, and Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Julie Overbaugh
- Departments of Medicine, Global Health, and Epidemiology, and Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Institute of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, and Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya; Office of Research Trainees, Toronto General Hospital-University Health Network, and Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - W Conrad Liles
- Departments of Medicine, Global Health, and Epidemiology, and Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Institute of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, and Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya; Office of Research Trainees, Toronto General Hospital-University Health Network, and Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
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Effros RB, Dagarag M, Spaulding C, Man J. The role of CD8+ T-cell replicative senescence in human aging. Immunol Rev 2005; 205:147-57. [PMID: 15882351 DOI: 10.1111/j.0105-2896.2005.00259.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The strict limit in proliferative potential of normal human somatic cells - a process known as replicative senescence - is highly relevant to the immune system, because clonal expansion is fundamental to adaptive immunity. CD8(+) T cells that undergo extensive rounds of antigen-driven proliferation in cell culture invariably reach the end stage of replicative senescence, characterized by irreversible cell-cycle arrest and a critically short telomere length. Cultures of senescent CD8(+) T cells also show resistance to apoptosis, permanent loss of CD28 expression, altered cytokine profiles, reduced ability to respond to stress, and various functional changes. Cells with similar characteristics accumulate during normal aging as well as in younger persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus, suggesting that the process of replicative senescence is not an artifact of cell culture but is also occurring in vivo. Interestingly, in elderly persons, the presence of high proportions of CD8(+) T cells with characteristics of replicative senescence is correlated with reduced antibody responses to vaccines as well as with osteoporotic fractures. CD8(+)CD28(-) T cells also accumulate in patients with certain types of cancer. The emerging picture is that senescent CD8(+) T cells may modulate both immune and non-immune functions, contributing not only to reduced anti-viral immunity but also to diverse age-related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita B Effros
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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