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Karimi G, Fatemi S, Memar B, Khorrami MB, Amali A, Sadeghi M, Esmaeili SA, Riahi-Zanjani B. Melittin as a safe compound to BALB/c mice immune system; a tiered approach immunotoxicity screening. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:377. [PMID: 37880739 PMCID: PMC10598946 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04228-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maintenance of immune system integrity is a vital requirement to protect human body against pathogens/cancers. Natural compounds have long been used due to their benefits for the immune system. One of which is bee venom that contains a peptide called melittin having antimicrobial and anticancer effects. Since a limited number of studies regarding the effects of melittin on the immune system have been carried out, we aimed to evaluate the effects of melittin on BALB/c mice immune system parameters. METHODS Female BALB /c mice were treated intraperitoneally (i.p) with 0.75 and 1.5 mg/kg doses of melittin for 14 days (5 doses per week). The negative control group received i.p normal saline whereas the positive controls received i.p 20 mg/kg cyclophosphamide (CYP). Immunological parameters such as hematological parameters, delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH), hemagglutination titer (HA), spleen cellularity, splenocytes proliferation, as well as spleen and bone marrow histopathological assessment were evaluated. RESULTS Our findings showed that melittin has no gross pathological effect on the spleen and bone marrow. It was also demonstrated that melittin has no any significant effect on hematological parameters. Melittin did not cause any significant changes to proliferation response of splenocytes to PHA and LPS, spleen cellularity, DTH response, as well as the production of anti-SRBC antibodies. According to our results, melittin at 0.75 and 1.5 mg/kg doses could not induce significant changes on immune parameters and as a result, melittin was found to be safe for the mice immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gholamreza Karimi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sina Fatemi
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Bahram Memar
- Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Arian Amali
- Student Research Committee, Paramedical Department, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmood Sadeghi
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Seyed-Alireza Esmaeili
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Bamdad Riahi-Zanjani
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Suleiman JB, Mohamed M, Abu Bakar AB, Nna VU, Zakaria Z, Othman ZA, Aroyehun AB. Chemical Profile, Antioxidant Properties and Antimicrobial Activities of Malaysian Heterotrigona itama Bee Bread. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26164943. [PMID: 34443531 PMCID: PMC8399440 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the chemical profile, antioxidant properties and antimicrobial activities of Heterotrigona itama bee bread from Malaysia. The pH, presence of phytochemicals, antioxidant properties, total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC), as well as antimicrobial activities, were assessed. Results revealed a decrease in the pH of bee bread water extract (BBW) relative to bee bread ethanolic extract (BBE) and bee bread hot water extract (BBH). Further, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, saponins, terpenoids, resins, glycosides and xanthoproteins were detected in BBW, BBH and BBE. Also, significant decreases in TPC, TFC, DPPH activity and FRAP were detected in BBW relative to BBH and BBE. We detected phenolic acids such as gallic acid, caffeic acid, trans-ferulic acid, trans 3-hydroxycinnamic acid and 2-hydroxycinnamic acid, and flavonoids such as quercetin, kaempferol, apigenin and mangiferin in BBE using high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. The strongest antimicrobial activity was observed in Klebsilla pneumonia (MIC50 1.914 µg/mL), followed by E. coli (MIC50 1.923 µg/mL), Shigella (MIC50 1.813 µg/mL) and Salmonella typhi (MIC50 1.617 µg/mL). Bee bread samples possess antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. Bee bread contains phenolic acids and flavonoids, and could be beneficial in the management and treatment of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Bagi Suleiman
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (J.B.S.); (A.B.A.B.); (Z.Z.); (Z.A.O.)
- Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic, Unwana P.M.B. 1007, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
| | - Mahaneem Mohamed
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (J.B.S.); (A.B.A.B.); (Z.Z.); (Z.A.O.)
- Unit of Integrative Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Correspondence:
| | - Ainul Bahiyah Abu Bakar
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (J.B.S.); (A.B.A.B.); (Z.Z.); (Z.A.O.)
| | - Victor Udo Nna
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar P.M.B. 1115, Cross River State, Nigeria;
| | - Zaida Zakaria
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (J.B.S.); (A.B.A.B.); (Z.Z.); (Z.A.O.)
| | - Zaidatul Akmal Othman
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (J.B.S.); (A.B.A.B.); (Z.Z.); (Z.A.O.)
- Unit of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu 20400, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Abdulqudus Bola Aroyehun
- Nutrition and Dietetics Program, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia;
- Clinical Nutrition, The Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Scotland AB24 3FX, UK
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Didaras NA, Karatasou K, Dimitriou TG, Amoutzias GD, Mossialos D. Antimicrobial Activity of Bee-Collected Pollen and Beebread: State of the Art and Future Perspectives. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9110811. [PMID: 33202560 PMCID: PMC7697837 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9110811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bee-collected pollen (BCP) is a well-known functional food. Honey bees process the collected pollen and store it in the hive, inside the comb cells. The processed pollen is called bee- bread or ambrosia and it is the main source of proteins, lipids, vitamins, macro-and micro-elements in honey bee nutrition. During storage, beebread undergoes solid state fermentation which preserves it and increases the bioavailability of nutrients. Research on beebread has been rather limited until now. In recent years, there is an increasing interest regarding the antimicrobial properties of BCP and beebread, due to emerging antimicrobial resistance by pathogens. Both BCP and beebread exhibit antimicrobial properties against diverse pathogens, like bacteria and fungi. As is the case with other bee products, lack of antimicrobial resistance might be attributed to the synergy of more than one antimicrobial compounds within BCP and beebread. Furthermore, BCP and bee bread exert targeted activity against pathogens and affect the host microbiome in a prebiotic manner. This review aims to present up to date research findings regarding these aspects as well as to discuss current challenges and future perspectives in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikos Asoutis Didaras
- Microbial Biotechnology-Molecular Bacteriology-Virology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41500 Volos, Greece; (N.A.D.); (T.G.D.)
| | - Katerina Karatasou
- Apicultural Centre of Larissa, Federation of Greek Beekeepers Associations, 41500 Larissa, Greece;
| | - Tilemachos G Dimitriou
- Microbial Biotechnology-Molecular Bacteriology-Virology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41500 Volos, Greece; (N.A.D.); (T.G.D.)
| | - Grigoris D. Amoutzias
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41500 Volos, Greece;
| | - Dimitris Mossialos
- Microbial Biotechnology-Molecular Bacteriology-Virology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41500 Volos, Greece; (N.A.D.); (T.G.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-241-056-5270
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Yuksel S, Akyol S. The consumption of propolis and royal jelly in preventing upper respiratory tract infections and as dietary supplementation in children. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE RESEARCH 2016; 5:308-11. [PMID: 27366357 PMCID: PMC4927136 DOI: 10.5455/jice.20160331064836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Propolis and royal jelly (RJ), two important honeybee products, have been used commonly all over the world as traditional and ethnopharmacological nutrients since ancient times. Both of them have a lot of active ingredients which are known to be effective for several medical conditions. In this article, medical databases were searched for the usage of RJ and propolis in upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) and as a dietary supplementation, together and separately. 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid is the most prominent active compound showing antimicrobial effect within RJ. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester is the most famous one that shows antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effect within propolis. When compared with propolis, RJ was found to have richer content for all three main nutrients; proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids. More clinical, experimental, and basic studies are needed to find out the best standardized mixture to cope with URTI in which RJ and propolis will be main ingredients in addition to the other secondary compounds that have health-beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevda Yuksel
- Department of Child Development, School of Health, Turgut Ozal University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sumeyya Akyol
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Turgut Ozal University, Ankara, Turkey
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Rzepecka-Stojko A, Stojko J, Kurek-Górecka A, Górecki M, Kabała-Dzik A, Kubina R, Moździerz A, Buszman E. Polyphenols from Bee Pollen: Structure, Absorption, Metabolism and Biological Activity. Molecules 2015; 20:21732-49. [PMID: 26690100 PMCID: PMC6332396 DOI: 10.3390/molecules201219800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bee pollen constitutes a natural source of antioxidants such as phenolic acids and flavonoids, which are responsible for its biological activity. Research has indicated the correlation between dietary polyphenols and cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anticancerogenic, immunostimulating, antianaemic effects, as well as their beneficial influence on osseous tissue. The beneficial effects of bee pollen on health result from the presence of phenolic acids and flavonoids which possess anti-inflammatory properties, phytosterol and linolenic acid which play an anticancerogenic role, and polysaccharides which stimulate immunological activity. Polyphenols are absorbed in the alimentary tract, metabolised by CYP450 enzymes, and excreted with urine and faeces. Flavonoids and phenolic acids are characterised by high antioxidative potential, which is closely related to their chemical structure. The high antioxidant potential of phenolic acids is due to the presence and location of hydroxyl groups, a carboxyl group in the immediate vicinity of ortho-diphenolic substituents, and the ethylene group between the phenyl ring and the carboxyl group. As regards flavonoids, essential structural elements are hydroxyl groups at the C5 and C7 positions in the A ring, and at the C3′ and C4′ positions in the B ring, and a hydroxyl group at the C3 position in the C ring. Furthermore, both, the double bond between C2 and C3, and a ketone group at the C4 position in the C ring enhance the antioxidative potential of these compounds. Polyphenols have an ideal chemical structure for scavenging free radicals and for creating chelates with metal ions, which makes them effective antioxidants in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rzepecka-Stojko
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 4, Sosnowiec 41-200, Poland.
| | - Jerzy Stojko
- Department of Hygiene, Bioanalysis and Environmental Studies, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Kasztanowa 3A, Sosnowiec 41-200, Poland.
| | - Anna Kurek-Górecka
- Silesian Medical College in Katowice, Mickiewicza 29, Katowice 40-085, Poland.
| | - Michał Górecki
- Department of Drug Technology, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Jedności 8, Sosnowiec 41-200, Poland.
| | - Agata Kabała-Dzik
- Department of Pathology, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Ostrogórska 30, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.
| | - Robert Kubina
- Department of Pathology, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Ostrogórska 30, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Moździerz
- Department of Hygiene, Bioanalysis and Environmental Studies, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Kasztanowa 3A, Sosnowiec 41-200, Poland.
| | - Ewa Buszman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 4, Sosnowiec 41-200, Poland.
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Komosinska-Vassev K, Olczyk P, Kaźmierczak J, Mencner L, Olczyk K. Bee pollen: chemical composition and therapeutic application. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2015; 2015:297425. [PMID: 25861358 PMCID: PMC4377380 DOI: 10.1155/2015/297425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Bee pollen is a valuable apitherapeutic product greatly appreciated by the natural medicine because of its potential medical and nutritional applications. It demonstrates a series of actions such as antifungal, antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, anticancer immunostimulating, and local analgesic. Its radical scavenging potential has also been reported. Beneficial properties of bee pollen and the validity for their therapeutic use in various pathological condition have been discussed in this study and with the currently known mechanisms, by which bee pollen modulates burn wound healing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Komosinska-Vassev
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy and Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Jednosci 8, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Pawel Olczyk
- Department of Community Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy and Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Kasztanowa 3, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Justyna Kaźmierczak
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy and Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Jednosci 8, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Lukasz Mencner
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy and Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Jednosci 8, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Krystyna Olczyk
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy and Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Jednosci 8, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
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The in Vitro Antimicrobial Efficacy of Propolis against Four Oral Pathogens: A Review. Dent J (Basel) 2014. [DOI: 10.3390/dj2030085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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The in vitro effect of manuka honeys on growth and adherence of oral bacteria. Anaerobe 2011; 17:19-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2010.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2010] [Revised: 12/21/2010] [Accepted: 12/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Baumgartner S, Imfeld T, Schicht O, Rath C, Persson RE, Persson GR. The impact of the stone age diet on gingival conditions in the absence of oral hygiene. J Periodontol 2009; 80:759-68. [PMID: 19405829 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2009.080376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to assess the oral microbiota and clinical data in subjects without access to traditional oral hygiene methods and who ate a diet available in the Stone Age. METHODS Ten subjects living in an environment replicating the Stone Age for 4 weeks were enrolled in this study. Bleeding on probing (BOP), gingival and plaque indices, and probing depth (PD) were assessed at baseline and at 4 weeks. Microbiologic samples were collected at the mesio-buccal subgingival aspects of all teeth and from the dorsum of the tongue and were processed by checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization methods. RESULTS No subject had periodontitis. Mean BOP decreased from 34.8% to 12.6% (P <0.001). Mean gingival index scores changed from 0.38 to 0.43 (not statistically significant) and mean plaque scores increased from 0.68 to 1.47 (P <0.001). PD at sites of subgingival sampling decreased (mean difference: 0.2 mm; P <0.001). At week 4, the total bacterial count was higher (P <0.001) for 24 of 74 species, including Bacteroides ureolyticus, Eikenella corrodens, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Capnocytophaga ochracea, Escherichia coli, Fusobacterium nucleatum naviforme, Haemophilus influenzae, Helicobacter pylori, Porphyromonas endodontalis, Staphylococcus aureus (two strains), Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus anginosis, and Streptococcus mitis. Bacterial counts from tongue samples were higher at baseline (P <0.001) for 20 species, including Tannerella forsythia (previously T. forsythensis), Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (previously Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans; serotype a), and Streptococcus spp. CONCLUSIONS The experimental gingivitis protocol is not applicable if the diet (e.g., Stone Age) does not include refined sugars. Although plaque levels increased, BOP and PD decreased. Subgingival bacterial counts increased for several species not linked to periodontitis, whereas tongue bacterial samples decreased during the study period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Baumgartner
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiology, Department of Clinical Research, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Efficacy of natural propolis extract in the control of American Foulbrood. Vet Microbiol 2008; 131:324-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2008.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2008] [Revised: 04/08/2008] [Accepted: 04/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Williams CA, Lamprecht ED. Some commonly fed herbs and other functional foods in equine nutrition: A review. Vet J 2008; 178:21-31. [PMID: 17689992 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2007.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2007] [Revised: 06/05/2007] [Accepted: 06/10/2007] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Most herbs and functional foods have not been scientifically tested; this is especially true for the horse. This paper reviews some of the literature pertinent to herbal supplementation in horses and other species. Common supplements like Echinacea, garlic, ginger, ginseng, and yucca are not regulated, and few studies have investigated safe, efficacious doses. Ginseng has been found to exert an inhibitory effect on pro-inflammatory cytokines and cyclooxygenase-2 expression. Equine studies have tested the anti-inflammatory effects of a single dose of ginger, post-exercise. Echinacea has been reported to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Yucca contains steroid-like saponins, which produce anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-spasmodic effects. However, some herbs have drug-like actions that interact with dietary components and may contain prohibited substances like salicylates, digitalis, heroin, cocaine and marijuana. Horses fed garlic at >0.2g/kg per day developed Heinz body anaemia. Drug-herb interactions are common and caution needs to be taken when implementing 'natural product' usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carey A Williams
- Department of Animal Sciences, Equine Science Center, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
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Sonmez S, Kirilmaz L, Yucesoy M, Yücel B, Yilmaz B. The effect of bee propolis on oral pathogens and human gingival fibroblasts. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2005; 102:371-6. [PMID: 16084044 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2005.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2004] [Revised: 06/01/2005] [Accepted: 06/20/2005] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Propolis is one of the few natural remedies that have maintained its popularity over a long period of time. The aim of this study is to investigate the antimicrobial properties of six propolis solutions and evaluate their cytotoxicity on gingival fibroblasts at different dilutions. Two different solutions of powder propolis (Sigma) and Turkish propolis were prepared and propylene glycol (PG) and alcohol were used as solvents for each propolis sample. In addition to the four propolis solutions, two other propolis samples of far geographic regions (USA and Australia) were included in the study. The antibacterial effects of six solutions on oral pathogen microorganisms were tested and their cytotoxic effects on human gingival fibroblasts were evaluated by MTT assay. The effective dilutions of the six propolis samples on periodontopathogen microorganisms were found to be cytotoxic to gingival fibroblasts. All solutions had strong antifungal activity and the effective dilutions were safe for gingival fibroblasts. Propolis could have a promising role in the future medicine, if appropriate solutions can be prepared being strongly antibacterial and non-cytotoxic as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sule Sonmez
- Ege University, School of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
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13
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Okeniyi JAO, Olubanjo OO, Ogunlesi TA, Oyelami OA. Comparison of Healing of Incised Abscess Wounds with Honey and EUSOL Dressing. J Altern Complement Med 2005; 11:511-3. [PMID: 15992237 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2005.11.511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To clinically compare the healing of abscess wounds dressed with either crude undiluted honey or Edinburgh University solution of lime (EUSOL). DESIGN A prospective clinical randomized study. LOCATION The Isolation Children's Ward of the Wesley Guild Hospital, Ilesa, an affiliate of the Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. SUBJECTS Thirty-two (32) Nigerian children with 43 pyomyositis abcesses. INTERVENTIONS All subjects had fresh surgical incision and drainage of the abcesses and a 21-day course of ampicillin plus cloxacillin (Ampiclox) and gentamicin; the wounds were left to close spontaneously with twice-daily wound dressing with packing of the abscess cavity with either honey- or EUSOL-soaked gauze in two randomized treatment groups. OUTCOME MEASURES The clinical conditions of the wound sites were documented on days 1, 3, 7, and 21 as either clean or dirty, dry or wet, granulation tissue present or absent, and epithelialization present or absent; the length of hospital stay was also measured. RESULTS Honey-treated wounds demonstrated quicker healing and the length of hospital stay was significantly shorter in patients with honey-treated wounds than those treated with EUSOL (t = 2.45, p = 0.019). CONCLUSIONS Honey is a superior wound dressing agent to EUSOL. Honey is recommended for the dressing of infected wounds, more so in tropical countries, where it is most readily available.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A O Okeniyi
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Ilesa, Nigeria.
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Brinckmann J, Sigwart H, van Houten Taylor L. Safety and efficacy of a traditional herbal medicine (Throat Coat) in symptomatic temporary relief of pain in patients with acute pharyngitis: a multicenter, prospective, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study. J Altern Complement Med 2003; 9:285-98. [PMID: 12804082 DOI: 10.1089/10755530360623400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the safety and efficacy of Throat Coat) (Traditional Medicinals,) Sebastopol, CA), a traditional demulcent herbal tea, in comparison with a placebo tea in the symptomatic treatment of acute pharyngitis. DESIGN Multicenter, prospective, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, two-armed, parallel-group clinical trial. SETTINGS Three primary care clinics in Duluth, MN, Madison, WI, and Middleton, WI. SUBJECTS Patients of both genders (>or=18 years of age) with clinical diagnoses of acute pharyngitis. INTERVENTIONS Patients (n = 60) were randomly assigned to receive 5-8 oz of Throat Coat (n = 30) or a placebo (n = 30), four to six times daily. The study period was 2 to 7 days with a window for the follow-up visit of 2-10 days accounting for the variable duration of sore throat symptoms. OUTCOME MEASURES Primary efficacy parameter: sum of pain intensity differences (SPID) for pain in throat on swallowing, calculated as the area under the curve (AUC) of pain intensity difference scores (assessed at 1 minute, 5 minutes, 10 minutes, 15 minutes, 20 minutes, and 30 minutes after treatment). Secondary efficacy parameter: total pain relief (TOTPAR), calculated as the AUC from time 0 (baseline) to 30 minutes of pain relief (assessed at 1 minute, 5 minutes, 10 minutes, 15 minutes, 20 minutes, and 30 minutes). RESULTS Compared to placebo, intensity of throat pain when swallowing was significantly reduced by Throat Coat in intention to treat and valid for efficacy analysis (VEA). Significant differences in change from baseline pain were observed at 5 min (p = 0.007), 10 min (p = 0.005), 15 minutes (p = 0.01), 20 minutes (p = 0.05), and 30 minutes (p = 0.04) after completion of the first dose (VEA analysis). There was a statistically significant improvement of SPID in the Throat Coat-treated group: Least square means +/- standard error of the means (SEM) of SPID were -16.5 +/- 13.9 in the placebo group and -43.8 +/- 11.9 in the Throat Coat-treated group (p = 0.012). TOTPAR was also significantly higher in the Throat Coat-treated group: Least square means +/- SEM of TOTPAR were 32.4 +/- 12.8 in the placebo group and 53.6 +/- 10.9 in the Throat Coat-treated group (p = 0.031). This study shows that Throat Coat is significantly superior to placebo and provided a rapid, temporary relief of sore throat pain in patients with pharyngitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Brinckmann
- Research and Development, Traditional Medicinals Inc., Sebastopol, CA, USA.
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