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Song J, Choi JY, Lee BW, Eom D, Song CH. Visualizing a Cold Stress-Specific Pulse Wave in Traditional Pulse Diagnosis ('Tight Pulse') Correlated with Vascular Changes in the Radial Artery Induced by a Cold Pressor Trial. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:2086. [PMID: 38610298 PMCID: PMC11014190 DOI: 10.3390/s24072086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Radial pulse diagnosis is the most common method to examine the human health state in Traditional East Asian Medicine (TEAM). A cold stress-related suboptimal health state (subhealth) is often undetectable during routine medical examinations, however, it can be detected through the palpation of specific pulse waves, particularly a 'tight pulse', in TEAM. Therefore, this study examined a correlation between 'tight pulse' and vascular changes in the radial artery (RA) induced by a cold pressor trial (CPT). Twenty healthy subjects underwent sequentially control trial and CPT with room-temperature and ice-cold water, respectively, on the right forearm. The radial pulse and vascular changes were then examined on the left arm. The radial pulse scores for frequencies of 'tight pulse' with strong arterial tension increased after the CPT compared with the control trial. The pulse scores were reversely correlated with the RA thickness and volumes in ultrasonography, but not with changes in the systolic/diastolic blood pressure. The RA thickness-based vascular surface and three-dimensional images visualized a 'tight pulse' showing the vasoconstriction and bumpy-/rope-shaped vascular changes in the radial pulse diagnostic region after the CPT. These findings provide valuable insights into the potential integration of clinical radial pulse diagnosis with ultrasonography for cold-related subhealth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jichung Song
- Department of Medical History, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 38610, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jae Young Choi
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu 42415, Republic of Korea;
| | - Byung-Wook Lee
- Department of Medical Classics & History, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea;
| | - Dongmyung Eom
- Department of Medical Classics, College of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea;
| | - Chang-Hyun Song
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 38610, Republic of Korea
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Hsueh KC, Wang JH, Chen CY, Chen JH, Hsiao G, Kuo YC. Harmonic effects of sham acupuncture at Tsu San Li (St-36) in the radial pulse wave. J Tradit Complement Med 2023; 13:568-574. [PMID: 38020555 PMCID: PMC10658434 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2023.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Acupuncture has been criticized as a theatrical placebo for the sham effect. Unfortunately, sham tests used in control groups in acupuncture studies have always ignored the underlying biophysical factors, including resonance involved in acupuncture points and meridians. Experimental procedure In this study, the effects of sham acupuncture at Tsu San Li (St-36) were examined by analyzing noninvasive 30-sec. recordings of the radial arterial pulses for 3 groups of patients treated with different probes (blunt, sharp, and patch) on the superficial skin of the acupuncture point. The 3 groups were then treated with the sharp probe for 3 different periods (16, 30, and 50 s). Then we compared the harmonics of the radial arterial pulse after Fourier transformation before and after the treatment. Results Our results indicated that different probes have effects similar to needle insertion at Tsu San Li. Meanwhile, the harmonic effect of the sharp probe strengthened as time increased. Conclusions This study revealed that the meridian effect of sham testing from mechanical stimulation, even from simple touch, on an acupuncture point, should not be overlooked. Thus, even simple touch can be added to electrical or laser acupuncture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuang-Chieh Hsueh
- Department of Family Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jenq-Haur Wang
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ying Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Hua Chen
- Graduate Institute of Data Science, College of Management, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Statistics Center/Institutional Research Center, Office of Data Science, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Biostatistics Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - George Hsiao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cheng Kuo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Park YJ, Lee JM, Choi KH. Harmonic components of photoplethysmography and pathological patterns: A cross-sectional study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e34200. [PMID: 37657055 PMCID: PMC10476820 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000034200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to examine whether the 3 harmonic components (HCs) of photoplethysmography (PTG) - total harmonic distortion (THD), harmonic power (HP), and normalized harmonic amplitude (HA) - have aging effects and may serve as an arterial stiffness marker and examine the relationship between HCs and clinical severity of pathological patterns. This study had a retrospective chart review design, and electronic medical records of 173 female patients (age: 38.57 ± 11.64 years) were reviewed. Patients were asked to complete the phlegm, blood stasis (BS), and food retention (FR) pattern questionnaires and underwent PTG and the second derivative of PTG measurements. THD, HP, and HA data were extracted till the 12th HCs from the raw PTG data. THD and HA had an aging effect (β: -0.179 to -0.278) and were related to b/a (r: -02.76 to -0.455) and d/a (r: 0.265-0.360) of the second derivative of PTG. In the younger group (≤33 years), HP and HA were positively correlated with phlegm, BS, and FR patterns (r: 0.257-0.370), while HP was positively correlated with the FR pattern (r: 0.278-0.315) in the middle age group (34-45 years). In the older group (≥46 years), HP and HA were positively or negatively correlated with the phlegm pattern (r: ±0.263 to ±0.440). HCs may serve as an arterial stiffness marker, and may be partially related to phlegm, BS, and FR patterns. Aging effect needs to be considered when utilizing HCs as an indicator of phlegm, BS, and FR patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Jae Park
- Department of Biofunctional Medicine and Diagnostics, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Diagnosis and Biofunctional Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biofunctional Medicine and Diagnostics, Graduate School, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Moo Lee
- Department of Gynecology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Women Health Clinic, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ka-Hye Choi
- Department of Biofunctional Medicine and Diagnostics, Graduate School, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Distal Acupoints Outperform Proximal Acupoints in Treating Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Controlled Trial. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:4827123. [PMID: 34457022 PMCID: PMC8387169 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4827123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Objectives To determine the difference in efficacy between distal and proximal acupoints in treating knee osteoarthritis. Design Ninety-two eligible participants were randomly assigned into three groups: distal acupoint treatment group (DG), proximal acupoint treatment group (PG), and sham acupuncture control group (SG). Primary and secondary outcomes were compared before and after the intervention. Interventions. A single acupuncture treatment was applied at Quchi (LI11), Shaohai (HT3), and Tianjing (TE10) in DG participants; Yanglingquan (GB34), Yinlingquan (SP9), and Heding (EX-LE2) in PG participants; and Zhongwan (CV12) and Liangmen (ST21) in SG participants. Main outcome measures. The visual analog scale (VAS) and active and passive knee range of motion (ROM) were used primarily to evaluate the treatment efficacy. The radial pulse diagnosis was used as a secondary outcome measure to determine the changes in the spectral energy of the radial pulses. Results The three groups had significant pain reduction after acupuncture (p < 0.05). DG had the greatest difference in pre- and post-VAS scores. Compared with the control group, significant improvement was observed in DG active and passive ROM and in PG passive ROM (p < 0.05). The high-frequency spectral energy of the left chi pulse in PG was significantly decreased, while the low-frequency spectral energy of the left cun pulse in PG and the left guan pulse in DG were significantly increased after acupuncture. Conclusions Distal acupoints provide better pain relief and improve ROM than proximal acupoints in treating knee osteoarthritis. Significant changes in spectral energy were observed in the left cun, guan, and chi pulses, indicating pain relief and blood flow improvement after acupuncture.
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Kung YY, Kuo TBJ, Lai CT, Shen YC, Su YC, Yang CCH. Disclosure of suboptimal health status through traditional Chinese medicine-based body constitution and pulse patterns. Complement Ther Med 2020; 56:102607. [PMID: 33220452 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2020.102607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Suboptimal health status (SHS) is a dynamic state wherein people have not been diagnosed with a disease but tend to develop diseases. People with SHS often experience fatigue and other nonspecific symptoms, which are related to a deviated body constitution in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). However, the correlation between TCM constitution and SHS has not been adequately investigated. Furthermore, no study has explored the radial pulse analysis-an assistive objective indicator of TCM constitution-in healthy people and people with SHS. DESIGN A cross-sectional study. SETTINGS/LOCATION Center for Traditional Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan. SUBJECTS Sixty-six adults (27 healthy participants and 39 participants with SHS) who were aged 20-39 years. OUTCOME MEASURES The body constitution questionnaire (BCQ) scores, suboptimal health status questionnaire-25 (SHSQ-25) scores, and radial pulse waves detected using sphygmography were recorded. Pulse wave analyses are presented as the ratio of frequency below 10 Hz to that above 10 Hz (SER10), which represent energy changes in organ blood flow. RESULTS Participants with SHS had significantly higher Yang-Xu, Yin-Xu, and stasis scores of BCQ compared with healthy participants. The SHSQ-25 scores of the participants with SHS were moderately correlated with their Yang-Xu, Yin-Xu, and stasis scores (r = 0.65, 0.66, and 0.72, respectively; all p < 0.001), but weak correlations were discovered for healthy participants. The participants with SHS had significantly higher SER10 at the left guan (the "liver" system in TCM) than did the healthy participants. CONCLUSIONS SHS is moderately correlated with TCM-based constitution and those with SHS had increased SER10 at the leftguan of the radial pulse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Ying Kung
- Center for Traditional Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Terry B J Kuo
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Sleep Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Chun-Ting Lai
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Sleep Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Yuh-Chiang Shen
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Yi-Chang Su
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Cheryl C H Yang
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Sleep Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
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Applying Pulse Spectrum Analysis to Facilitate the Diagnosis of Coronary Artery Disease. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:2709486. [PMID: 31275406 PMCID: PMC6582909 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2709486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Not all patients with angina pectoris have coronary artery stenosis. To facilitate the diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD), we sought to identify predictive factors of pulse spectrum analysis, which was developed by Wang and is one technique of modern pulse diagnosis. The patients suffered from chest pain and received cardiac catheterization to confirm the CAD diagnosis and Gensini score were recruited. Their pulse waves of radial artery were recorded. Then, by performing a fast Fourier transform, 10 amplitude values of frequency spectrum harmonics were obtained. Each harmonic amplitude was divided by the sum of all harmonic amplitude values, obtaining the relative percentages of 10 harmonics (C1-C10). Subsequently, multivariate logistic regression was conducted with two models and the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) of these 2 models were compared to see if combining the pulse diagnosis parameters with the risk factor of CAD can increase the prediction rate of CAD diagnosis. The predictive factors of CAD severity were analyzed by multivariate linear regression. A total of 83 participants were included; 63 were diagnosed CAD and 20 without CAD. In the CAD group, C1 was greater and C5 was lower than those of the non-CAD group. The CAD risk factors were put alone in Model 1 to perform the multivariate logistic regression analysis which had a prediction rate of 77.1%; while putting the C1 and C5 harmonics together with the risk factors into Model 2, the prediction rate increased to 80.7%. Finally, the area under ROC of Model 1 and Model 2 was 0.788 and 0.856, respectively. Furthermore, left C1, left C5, gender, and presence of hyperlipidemia were predictors of CAD severity. Therefore, pulse spectrum analysis may be a tool to facilitate CAD diagnosis before receiving cardiac catheterization. The harmonics C1 and C5 were favorable predictive indicators.
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Lin TH, Hsieh SF, Chen FJ, Su SY. Differences in the radial pulse spectrum between the follicular and luteal phases of the normal menstrual cycle. Eur J Integr Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Chen FJ, Wang HS, Huang CY, Chen YS. Pulse Analysis in Bipolar Disordered and Nonpsychotic Human Subjects. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2012; 40:455-65. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x12500358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The research literature indicates that patients with bipolar disorder (BPD) differ from healthy individuals in various ways that are also recognized in traditional Chinese medicine. The purpose of the current study was to analyze the pulse spectra in BPD patients to determine any differences from nonpsychotic healthy individuals. Sphygmography was used to measure the radial arterial pulse waves in all subjects. We analyzed the original waveforms and then transformed them into frequency spectra via Fourier transformation. The relative strength of each harmonic, believed to be connected to meridians in Chinese medicine, was identified from the frequency, and we compared the differences among the harmonics. A total of sixty individuals, thirty with BPD and thirty nonpsychotic healthy controls, participated in the study. The harmonic values of C4 (Lung Meridian) on the right hand, 401.33 ± 50.10 vs. 762.44 ± 125.17, were significantly different (p < 0.05) between the BPD group and the nonpsychotic healthy group. The harmonic percentage of C3 (Spleen Meridian) on the right hand, 7.85 ± 0.59% vs. 10.79 ± 1.01%, and C4 (Lung Meridian), 1.80 ± 0.15 vs. 3.24 ± 0.43, was significantly different (p < 0.05) between the two groups. The results were similar for the right and left hands. In this study, we objectively detected constitutional differences between BPD patients and healthy controls through arterial pulse analysis. The pulse spectrum analyzer is a non-invasive diagnostic tool that can be used to integrate scientific technology with traditional Chinese medicine. We plan further study in this field to improve the accuracy of diagnosis in Chinese medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fun-Jou Chen
- Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Song Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang-Hua Hospital Department of Executive Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Sheng Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Current world literature. Curr Opin Pediatr 2011; 23:700-7. [PMID: 22068136 DOI: 10.1097/mop.0b013e32834dda34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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