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Song J, Choi JY, Lee BW, Eom D, Song CH. Visualizing a Cold Stress-Specific Pulse Wave in Traditional Pulse Diagnosis ('Tight Pulse') Correlated with Vascular Changes in the Radial Artery Induced by a Cold Pressor Trial. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:2086. [PMID: 38610298 PMCID: PMC11014190 DOI: 10.3390/s24072086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Radial pulse diagnosis is the most common method to examine the human health state in Traditional East Asian Medicine (TEAM). A cold stress-related suboptimal health state (subhealth) is often undetectable during routine medical examinations, however, it can be detected through the palpation of specific pulse waves, particularly a 'tight pulse', in TEAM. Therefore, this study examined a correlation between 'tight pulse' and vascular changes in the radial artery (RA) induced by a cold pressor trial (CPT). Twenty healthy subjects underwent sequentially control trial and CPT with room-temperature and ice-cold water, respectively, on the right forearm. The radial pulse and vascular changes were then examined on the left arm. The radial pulse scores for frequencies of 'tight pulse' with strong arterial tension increased after the CPT compared with the control trial. The pulse scores were reversely correlated with the RA thickness and volumes in ultrasonography, but not with changes in the systolic/diastolic blood pressure. The RA thickness-based vascular surface and three-dimensional images visualized a 'tight pulse' showing the vasoconstriction and bumpy-/rope-shaped vascular changes in the radial pulse diagnostic region after the CPT. These findings provide valuable insights into the potential integration of clinical radial pulse diagnosis with ultrasonography for cold-related subhealth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jichung Song
- Department of Medical History, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 38610, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jae Young Choi
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu 42415, Republic of Korea;
| | - Byung-Wook Lee
- Department of Medical Classics & History, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea;
| | - Dongmyung Eom
- Department of Medical Classics, College of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea;
| | - Chang-Hyun Song
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 38610, Republic of Korea
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The nonlinearity properties of pulse signal of pregnancy in the three trimesters. Biomed Signal Process Control 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2022.104158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Entropy Information of Pulse Dynamics in Three Stages of Pregnancy. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:6542072. [PMID: 36276859 PMCID: PMC9586734 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6542072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to use entropy to explore the change of pulse generated by normal pregnant women with gestational. Firstly, the subjects were divided into early (E), middle (M), and late (L) three stages according to gestational age. Then, pulse signals of the Chi position of 90 pregnant women at different gestational ages were collected. Secondly, the four entropies, namely fuzzy entropy (FuEn), approximate entropy (ApEn), sample entropy (SamEn), and permutation entropy (PerEn), were applied to the analysis of the long-term pulse changes of the pregnancy. Finally, the related information about pulse in different stages of pregnancy is given by the analysis of four kinds of entropy. Furthermore, the statistical tests are conducted for further comparison, and the descriptive statistics and the results are presented. In addition, boxplots are employed to show the distribution of four entropies of pregnancy. This work has studied the changes in pulse during pregnancy from quantitative and qualitative aspects. Our results show that entropy improves the diagnostic value of pulse analysis during pregnancy and could be applied to facilitate noninvasive diagnosis of pregnant women's physiological signals in the future.
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Guo C, Jiang Z, He H, Liao Y, Zhang D. Wrist pulse signal acquisition and analysis for disease diagnosis: A review. Comput Biol Med 2022; 143:105312. [PMID: 35203039 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.105312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Pulse diagnosis (PD) plays an indispensable role in healthcare in China, India, Korea, and other Orient countries. It requires considerable training and experience to master. The results of pulse diagnosis rely heavily on the practitioner's subjective analysis, which means that the results from different physicians may be inconsistent. To overcome these drawbacks, computational pulse diagnosis (CPD) is used with advanced sensing techniques and analytical methods. Focusing on the main processes of CPD, this paper provides a systematic review of the latest advances in pulse signal acquisition, signal preprocessing, feature extraction, and signal recognition. The most relevant principles and applications are presented along with current progress. Extensive comparisons and analyses are conducted to evaluate the merits of different methods employed in CPD. While much progress has been made, a lack of datasets and benchmarks has limited the development of CPD. To address this gap and facilitate further research, we present a benchmark to evaluate different methods. We conclude with observations of the status and prospects of CPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoxun Guo
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong(Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518172, Guangdong, China; Shenzhen Research Institute of Big Data, Shenzhen, 518172, Guangdong, China; Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society, Shenzhen, 518172, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zhixing Jiang
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong(Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518172, Guangdong, China; Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society, Shenzhen, 518172, Guangdong, China.
| | - Haoze He
- New York University, New York, 10012, New York, United States
| | - Yining Liao
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong(Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518172, Guangdong, China; Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society, Shenzhen, 518172, Guangdong, China
| | - David Zhang
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong(Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518172, Guangdong, China; Shenzhen Research Institute of Big Data, Shenzhen, 518172, Guangdong, China; Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society, Shenzhen, 518172, Guangdong, China.
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Kung YY, Kuo TBJ, Lai CT, Shen YC, Su YC, Yang CCH. Disclosure of suboptimal health status through traditional Chinese medicine-based body constitution and pulse patterns. Complement Ther Med 2020; 56:102607. [PMID: 33220452 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2020.102607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Suboptimal health status (SHS) is a dynamic state wherein people have not been diagnosed with a disease but tend to develop diseases. People with SHS often experience fatigue and other nonspecific symptoms, which are related to a deviated body constitution in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). However, the correlation between TCM constitution and SHS has not been adequately investigated. Furthermore, no study has explored the radial pulse analysis-an assistive objective indicator of TCM constitution-in healthy people and people with SHS. DESIGN A cross-sectional study. SETTINGS/LOCATION Center for Traditional Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan. SUBJECTS Sixty-six adults (27 healthy participants and 39 participants with SHS) who were aged 20-39 years. OUTCOME MEASURES The body constitution questionnaire (BCQ) scores, suboptimal health status questionnaire-25 (SHSQ-25) scores, and radial pulse waves detected using sphygmography were recorded. Pulse wave analyses are presented as the ratio of frequency below 10 Hz to that above 10 Hz (SER10), which represent energy changes in organ blood flow. RESULTS Participants with SHS had significantly higher Yang-Xu, Yin-Xu, and stasis scores of BCQ compared with healthy participants. The SHSQ-25 scores of the participants with SHS were moderately correlated with their Yang-Xu, Yin-Xu, and stasis scores (r = 0.65, 0.66, and 0.72, respectively; all p < 0.001), but weak correlations were discovered for healthy participants. The participants with SHS had significantly higher SER10 at the left guan (the "liver" system in TCM) than did the healthy participants. CONCLUSIONS SHS is moderately correlated with TCM-based constitution and those with SHS had increased SER10 at the leftguan of the radial pulse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Ying Kung
- Center for Traditional Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Terry B J Kuo
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Sleep Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Chun-Ting Lai
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Sleep Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Yuh-Chiang Shen
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Yi-Chang Su
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Cheryl C H Yang
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Sleep Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
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A non-invasive test method for type-2 diabetes mellitus by pulse waveform fitting. Biomed Signal Process Control 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2020.102000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Eigenschink M, Dearing L, Dablander TE, Maier J, Sitte HH. A critical examination of the main premises of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2020; 132:260-273. [PMID: 32198544 PMCID: PMC7253514 DOI: 10.1007/s00508-020-01625-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) consists of a plethora of therapeutic approaches aiming to both characterize and treat diseases. Its utilization has gained significant popularity in the western world and is even backed by the World Health Organization's decision to include TCM diagnostic patterns into the new revision of the International Classification of Diseases code, the global standard for diagnostic health information. As these developments and potentially far-reaching decisions can affect modern healthcare systems and daily clinical work as well as wildlife conservation, its underlying factual basis must be critically examined. This article therefore provides an overview of the evidence underlying the basic TCM concepts, such as Qi, meridians, acupuncture, pulse and tongue diagnostics as well as traditional herbal treatments. Moreover, it discusses whether scientific literature on TCM reflects the current standard for evidence-based research, as described in good scientific practice and good clinical practice guidelines. Importantly, misinformation regarding the therapeutic efficacy of animal-derived substances has lead and currently leads to problems with wildlife preservation and animal ethics. Nevertheless, the (re-)discovery of artemisinin more than 50 years ago introduced a novel development in TCM: the commingling of Eastern and Western medicine, the appreciation of both systems. The need for more rigorous approaches, fulfilment of and agreement to current guidelines to achieve high-quality research are of utmost relevance. Thereby, ancient knowledge of herbal species and concoctions may serve as a possible treasure box rather than Pandora's box.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lukas Dearing
- Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tom E Dablander
- Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julian Maier
- Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Harald H Sitte
- Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Waehringer Straße 13A, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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Chen J, Huang H, Hao W, Xu J. A machine learning method correlating pulse pressure wave data with pregnancy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2020; 36:e3272. [PMID: 31709770 DOI: 10.1002/cnm.3272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Pulse feeling , representing the tactile arterial palpation of the heartbeat, has been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) to diagnose various diseases. The quantitative relationship between the pulse wave and health conditions however has not been investigated in modern medicine. In this paper, we explored the correlation between pulse pressure wave (PPW), rather than the pulse key features in TCM, and pregnancy by using deep learning technology. This computational approach shows that the accuracy of pregnancy detection by the PPW is 84% with an area under the curve (AUC) of 91%. Our study is a proof of concept of pulse diagnosis and will also motivate further sophisticated investigations on pulse waves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhong Chen
- Department of Mathematics, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania
| | - Huang Huang
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenrui Hao
- Department of Mathematics, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania
| | - Jinchao Xu
- Department of Mathematics, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania
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Tsai YN, Chang YH, Huang YC, Jui-Shan Lin S, Lee SM, Cheng YY, Su YC. The use of time-domain analysis on the choice of measurement location for pulse diagnosis research: A pilot study. J Chin Med Assoc 2019; 82:78-85. [PMID: 30839409 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcma.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulse diagnosis researches acquiring pulse waves from the wrist radial artery has not yet addressed the issue of whether this information is affected by differences in the hemodynamic characteristics of pressure waves derived from different locations. This study aimed to clarify whether the blood dynamic states are identical with regard to the "three positions and nine indicators" ((Equation is included in full-text article.)) listed in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). METHODS A total of 37 participants of CAD group and 20 participants of healthy group were recruited, and pressure pulse waves were measured at 18 locations on both hands. A multivariate analysis (MANOVA) was performed with a "randomized block design" using SPSS 22.0 and R 3.4.1 to examine the time-domain parameters that represented certain hemodynamic characteristics. RESULTS In CAD group, the results showed significant differences (p < 0.05) among the h1, h2, h3, h1/t, and h3/h1 measurements of the pulse waves using different indicators at the same position; the h1, h2, h3, and h1/t measurements of the pulse waves at different positions using the indicator "Superficial"; and the h1, h2, h3, h1/t, and h3/h1 measurements of the pulse waves at different positions using the indicator "Medium". In healthy group, the results showed significant differences (p < 0.05) among the h1, h2, h3, and h1/t measurements of the pulse waves using different indicators at the same position; the h1, h2, and h1/t measurements of the pulse waves at different positions using the same indicator. CONCLUSION Because of the differences in the hemodynamic characteristics among the different positions and indicators, the article might provide a new opinion for future pulse diagnosis investigations to carefully consider the measurement location to ensure the completeness of the information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Ning Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
- Chander Clinic, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | | | - Yi-Chia Huang
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Sunny Jui-Shan Lin
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shen-Ming Lee
- Department of Statistics, Feng-Chia University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
- Center for Survey Research, Research Center for Humanities and Social Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yung-Yen Cheng
- The Department of Internal Medicine, Nantou Hospital of the Ministry of Health and Welfare, Nantou, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Chang Su
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
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Different Harmonic Characteristics Were Found at Each Location on TCM Radial Pulse Diagnosis by Spectrum Analysis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:9018271. [PMID: 30105076 PMCID: PMC6076951 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9018271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to clarify whether it is appropriate to choose any measurement location for pulse diagnosis research. Methods A total of 37 subjects were recruited and measured for pulse pressure waves at 18 locations (9 per hand of "three positions and nine indicators"). These data were Fourier-transformed to the frequency spectrum, and the harmonics of C0-C10 of each location were obtained. Box plots of the harmonics were generated using SPSS v.22.0 and R v.3.4.1. Data were compared with multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) with a randomized block design. Results The results showed that certain harmonics were different at different positions and different indicators; the harmonics of the same indicator at different positions (except for C8 and C10) and those of different indicators for the same position (except for C4 and C5) were significantly different (p<0.05). Conclusions In future researches of pulse diagnosis, due to the significant differences between positions and indicators, it is recommended that the measurement position should be carefully chosen instead of choosing any measurement location to ensure the integrity of the acquired information for further analyzing physiological or pathological status.
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Bae JH, Kim JU, Kim J. Harmonic analysis of pulse morphology variability for pulse smoothness assessment. Biomed Signal Process Control 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2018.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Lin TH, Hsieh SF, Chen FJ, Su SY. Differences in the radial pulse spectrum between the follicular and luteal phases of the normal menstrual cycle. Eur J Integr Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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An objective review of the technological developments for radial pulse diagnosis in Traditional Chinese Medicine. Eur J Integr Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2015.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Using an array sensor to determine differences in pulse diagnosis—Three positions and nine indicators. Eur J Integr Med 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Yim YK, Park KS. The effect of short-term bed-rest on radial pulse in healthy subjects. J Acupunct Meridian Stud 2014; 7:133-9. [PMID: 24929457 DOI: 10.1016/j.jams.2013.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2013] [Revised: 11/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of short-term bed rest on the radial pulse in healthy subjects. Twenty-one healthy volunteers participated in this study. Their radial pulse was measured at different measuring positions using a multi-step tonometry system. The participants took 30 minutes of bed rest and their radial pulse was measured before and after the bed rest. The effects of bed rest on the radial pulse were analyzed. The pulse area, the amplitudes of h4 and h5, the pulse period, and the diastolic pulse proportion increased with short-term bed rest, whereas the proportions of systolic and hightension pulse and the fundamental frequency of the pulse wave decreased with short-term bed rest. All the changes were in the same direction in both male and female participants at all measuring positions; however, some parameters changed more in women than in men, and some changed more at the distal position than at the proximal position. In shortly, Short-term bed rest induces significant changes in the radial pulse of healthy subjects. The results of this study could be used as a control reference for clinical acupuncture studies with participants lying on a bed for acupuncture treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Kyoung Yim
- Department of Meridian and Acupoint, College of Korean Medicine, Daejeon University, Daejeon, South Korea.
| | - Kwang Suk Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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