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Fatangare M, Bhingarkar S. A comprehensive review on technological advancements for sensor-based Nadi Pariksha: An ancient Indian science for human health diagnosis. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2024; 15:100958. [PMID: 38815517 PMCID: PMC11166873 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2024.100958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Nadi Pariksha is a significant, rather symbolic term for Ayurveda. Ancient Ayurvedic literature has prominently stated its importance in the judgment of Tridoshas (Vata, Pitta, and Kapha) which are the base of ailment diagnosis and prediction. The knowledge about Nadi Pariksha is uncovered in various ancient Ayurvedic literature like Ravansamhita, Bhavprakash, Nadivigyan by Kanad, Sharangdhar, and Yogratnakar. The various Nadi parameters are indicative of the diagnosis of diseases. These techniques were used as popular diagnostic tools in Indian culture from ancient days. Still, nowadays, these are not being used explicitly due to the lack of expertise, so it is necessary to establish their results once gained so that they can be used along with technical aspects in today's era. Ayurveda believes that all the elements of the Universe are present in any human body in minute, proportionate quantity, and the Nadi represents these elements, that is, Vata, Pitta, and Kapha (VPK). To facilitate the Nadi Pariksha using appropriate sensors may help the Ayurveda practitioners diagnose Prakriti and predict some diseases, making the Nadi Pariksha more reliable and faster. This review paper lists, 2 books and 67 research papers, mostly from countries like India, China, Japan, Korea, etc., from various reputed databases. The review primarily concentrates on six research themes: sensors and devices used for Nadi signal acquisition, signal pre-processing methods, feature extraction methods, feature selection approaches, classification practices, diseases diagnosed, and results attained. The paper also reviews the challenges in implementing the automated Nadi Pariksha with technological aid, which is a necessity of this period and is a very vibrant research arena. Yet significant work remains to be done, like bridging the gaps between technical and commercial development, and the procedure standardization is also required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrunal Fatangare
- School of Computer Engineering and Technology, Dr. Vishwanath Karad MIT World Peace University, Pune, India.
| | - Sukhada Bhingarkar
- School of Computer Engineering and Technology, Dr. Vishwanath Karad MIT World Peace University, Pune, India
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2
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Tang Q, Xu S, Guo M, Wang G, Pan Z, Su B. Wrist pulse signal based vascular age calculation using mixed Gaussian model and support vector regression. Health Inf Sci Syst 2022; 10:7. [PMID: 35529250 PMCID: PMC9023627 DOI: 10.1007/s13755-022-00172-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Vascular age (VA) is the direct index to reflect vascular aging, so it plays a particular role in public health. How to obtain VA conveniently and cheaply has always been a research hotspot. This study proposes a new method to evaluate VA with wrist pulse signal. Methods Firstly, we fit the pulse signal by mixed Gaussian model (MGM) to extract the shape features, and adopt principal component analysis (PCA) to optimize the dimension of the shape features. Secondly, the principal components and chronological age (CA) are respectively taken as the independent variables and dependent variable to establish support vector regression (SVR) model. Thirdly, the principal components are fed into the SVR model to predicted the vascular aging of each subject. The predicted value is regarded as the description of VA. Finally, we compare the correlation coefficients of VA with pulse width (PW), inflection point area ratio (IPA), Ratio b/a (RBA), augmentation index (AIx), diastolic augmentation index (DAI) and pulse transit time (PTT) with those of CA with these six indices. Results Compared with the CA, the VA is closer to PW (r = 0.539, P < 0.001 to r = 0.589, P < 0.001 in men; r = 0.325, P < 0.001 to r = 0.400, P < 0.001 in women), IPA (r = - 0.446, P < 0.001 to r = - 0.534, P < 0.001 in men; r = - 0.623, P < 0.001 to r = - 0.660, P < 0.001 in women), RBA (r = 0.328, P < 0.001 to r = 0.371, P < 0.001 in women), AIx (r = 0.659, P < 0.001 to r = 0.738, P < 0.001 in men; r = 0.547, P < 0.001 to r = 0.573, P < 0.001 in women), DAI (r = 0.517, P < 0.001 to r = 0.532, P < 0.001 in men; r = 0.507, P < 0.001 to r = 0.570, P < 0.001 in women) and PTT (r = 0.526, P < 0.001 to r = 0.659, P < 0.001 in men; r = 0.577, P < 0.001 to r = 0.814, P < 0.001 in women). Conclusion The VA is more representative of vascular aging than CA. The method presented in this study provides a new way to directly and objectively assess vascular aging in public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfeng Tang
- The University Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Computing of Anhui Province, Anqing Normal University, 1318 Jixian North Road, Anqing, 246133 China
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, 2318 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 311121 China
| | - Shoujiang Xu
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, 2318 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 311121 China
- Jiangsu Food and Pharmaceutical Science College, Huai’an, 223023 China
| | - Mengjuan Guo
- The University Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Computing of Anhui Province, Anqing Normal University, 1318 Jixian North Road, Anqing, 246133 China
| | - Guangjun Wang
- The University Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Computing of Anhui Province, Anqing Normal University, 1318 Jixian North Road, Anqing, 246133 China
| | - Zhigeng Pan
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, 2318 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 311121 China
- School of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044 China
| | - Benyue Su
- The University Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Computing of Anhui Province, Anqing Normal University, 1318 Jixian North Road, Anqing, 246133 China
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Yang H, Fu R, Shan X, Lin X, Su Y, Jin X, Du W, Lv W, Huang G. A nature-inspired hierarchical branching structure pressure sensor with high sensitivity and wide dynamic range for versatile medical wearables. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 203:114028. [PMID: 35114465 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Pressure-sensing capability is essential for flexible electronic devices, which require high sensitivity and a wide detection range to simplify the system. However, the template-based pressure sensor is powerless to detect high pressure due to the rapid deformation saturation of microstructures. Herein, we demonstrated that a nature-inspired hierarchical branching (HB) structure can effectively address this problem. Finite element analysis demonstrates that the HB structure permits a step-by-step mobilization of microstructure deformation, resulting in a dramatically improved sensitivity (up to 2 orders of magnitude) when compared with the traditional monolayer structure. Experiments show that the HB structure enables pressure sensors to have a lower elastic modulus (1/3 of that of monolayer sensors), a high sensitivity of 13.1 kPa-1 (almost 14 times higher than the monolayer sensor), and a wide dynamic range (0-800 kPa, the minimum detection pressure is 1.6 Pa). The maximum frequency that the sensor can detect is 250 Hz. The response/recovery time is 0.675/0.55 ms respectively. Given this performance, the HB sensor enables high-resolution detection of the weak radial artery pulse wave characteristics in different states, indicating its potential to noninvasively reveal cardiovascular status and the effectiveness of related interventions, such as exercise and drug intervention. As a proof of concept, we also verified that the HB sensor can serve as a versatile platform to support diverse applications from low to high pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Rongxin Fu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xiaohui Shan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xue Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Ya Su
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xiangyu Jin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Wenli Du
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Wenqi Lv
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Guoliang Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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Yeuk-Lan Alice L, Binghe G, Shuang C, Hoyin C, Kawai K, Wenjung L, Jiangang S. Artificial intelligence meets traditional Chinese medicine: a bridge to opening the magic box of sphygmopalpation for pulse pattern recognition. DIGITAL CHINESE MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dcmed.2021.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
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Wang L, Dou W, Chen J, Lu K, Zhang F, Abdulaziz M, Su W, Li A, Xu C, Sun Y. A CNT-PDMS wearable device for simultaneous measurement of wrist pulse pressure and cardiac electrical activity. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 117:111345. [PMID: 32919692 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Simultaneous measurement of multi-physiological signals can provide effective diagnosis and therapeutic assessment of diseases. This paper reports a carbon nanotube (CNT) - Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) - based wearable device with piezo-resistive and voltage-sensing capabilities for simultaneously capturing wrist pulse pressure and cardiac electrical signal. The layout design of sensing elements in the device was guided by analyzing strain distribution and electric field distribution for minimizing the interference between wrist pulse and cardiac electric activity during measurement. Each device was preconditioned under the strain of 20% until the resistance change of the device reached equilibrium. After preconditioning, the relationship between the resistance change and the pressure was calibrated, which determined the device sensitivity to be 0.01 Pa-1 and the linear pressure range of the device to be 0.4 kPa to 14.0 kPa. Mechanisms of CNT-PDMS for sensing strain signal and electrical pulse signal were explored by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging and equivalent circuit modeling. The device was applied to monitor the wrist pulse and ECG signals of volunteers during the recovering process after physical exercises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Advanced Micro and Nanoinstruments Center (AMNC), School of Mechanical & Automotive Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong 250353, China
| | - Wenkun Dou
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Jun Chen
- Advanced Micro and Nanoinstruments Center (AMNC), School of Mechanical & Automotive Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong 250353, China.
| | - Kechao Lu
- Advanced Micro and Nanoinstruments Center (AMNC), School of Mechanical & Automotive Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong 250353, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Advanced Micro and Nanoinstruments Center (AMNC), School of Mechanical & Automotive Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong 250353, China
| | - Mohammed Abdulaziz
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, University of Duisburg Essen, Forsthausweg 247057, Germany
| | - Weiguang Su
- Advanced Micro and Nanoinstruments Center (AMNC), School of Mechanical & Automotive Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong 250353, China
| | - Anqing Li
- Advanced Micro and Nanoinstruments Center (AMNC), School of Mechanical & Automotive Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong 250353, China
| | - Chonghai Xu
- Advanced Micro and Nanoinstruments Center (AMNC), School of Mechanical & Automotive Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong 250353, China.
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada.
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Lin Q, Huang J, Yang J, Huang Y, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Zhang J, Wang Y, Yuan L, Cai M, Hou X, Zhang W, Zhou Y, Chen SG, Guo CF. Highly Sensitive Flexible Iontronic Pressure Sensor for Fingertip Pulse Monitoring. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e2001023. [PMID: 32729260 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The pulse is a key biomedical signal containing various human physiological and pathological information highly related to cardiovascular diseases. Pulse signals are often collected from the radial artery based on Traditional Chinese Medicine, or by using flexible pressure sensors. However, the wrist wrapped with a flexible pressure sensor exhibits unstable signals under hand motion because of the concave surface of the wrist. By contrast, fingertips have a convex surface and therefore show great promises in stable and long-term pulse monitoring. Despite the promising potential, the fingertip pulse signal is weak, calling for highly sensitive detecting devices. Here, a highly sensitive and flexible iontronic pressure sensor with a linear sensitivity of 13.5 kPa-1 , a swift response, and remarkable stability over 5000 loading/unloading cycles is developed. This sensor enables stable and high-resolution detection of pulse waveform under both static condition and finger motion. Fingertip pulse waveforms from subjects of different genders, age, and health conditions are collected and analyzed, suggesting that fingertip pulse information is highly similar to that of the radial artery. This work justifies that fingertip is an ideal platform for pulse signals monitoring, which would be a competitive alternative to existing complex health monitoring systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiupeng Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
- Nanshan District Key Lab for Biopolymers and Safety Evaluation College of Materials Science and Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Jun Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Junlong Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Intensive Care Peking University Shenzhen Hospital Shenzhen Guangdong 518036 China
- Department of Cardiology Southern University of Science and Technology Hospital Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Yueji Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Jianming Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Linlin Yuan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
- Wenzhou Institute University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Wenzhou Zhejiang 325011 China
| | - Minkun Cai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Xingyu Hou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Weixing Zhang
- Department of Intensive Care Peking University Shenzhen Hospital Shenzhen Guangdong 518036 China
| | - Yunlong Zhou
- Wenzhou Institute University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Wenzhou Zhejiang 325011 China
| | - Shi Guo Chen
- Nanshan District Key Lab for Biopolymers and Safety Evaluation College of Materials Science and Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Chuan Fei Guo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
- Shenzhen Engineering Research Center for Novel Electronic Information Materials and Devices Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
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A Noncontact Method for Locating Radial Artery above Radial Styloid Process in Thermal Image. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:4057154. [PMID: 32454858 PMCID: PMC7229564 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4057154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A radial artery above the radial styloid process is called GUAN and is a critical position for collecting pulse wave in traditional Chinese medicine theory. Locating GUAN is a precondition for collecting radial pulse wave. However, existing methods for locating GUAN lead to large deviations. This paper proposes a novel nontouch method for locating GUAN based on thermal imaging and image processing. This method consists of three parts: the infrared thermal imaging location imaging platform, the wrist edge contour extraction algorithm based on arbitrary angle edge recognition, and radial protrusion recognition algorithm (x coordinate identification algorithm of GUAN) and radial artery fitting algorithm (y coordinate identification algorithm of GUAN). The infrared thermal imaging positioning imaging platform is used to ensure that the wrist of the subject enters the fixed imaging area in a fixed position during each measurement and transmits the thermal imaging images carrying the image information of radial processes and radial arteries to the upper computer. Arbitrary angle edge recognition algorithm is used to extract wrist contour and radial artery edge information. The x-axis coordinates of the radial artery were provided by the identification algorithm, and the y-axis coordinates of the radial artery were provided by the fitting algorithm. Finally, the x and y coordinates determine the GUAN position. The algorithm for locating GUAN could provide repeatable and reliable x and y coordinates. The proposed method shows that relative standard deviation (RSD) of x distance of GUAN is less than 9.0% and RSD of y distance of GUAN is less than 5.0%. The proposed method could provide valid GUAN coordinates and reduce deviations of locating GUAN.
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Wang J, Liu K, Sun Q, Ni X, Ai F, Wang S, Yan Z, Liu D. Diaphragm-based optical fiber sensor for pulse wave monitoring and cardiovascular diseases diagnosis. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2019; 12:e201900084. [PMID: 31219245 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201900084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Arterial pulse wave has been considered as a vital sign in assessment of cardiovascular diseases. Noninvasive pulse sensor with compact structure, immunity to electro-magnetic interference and high sensitivity is the research focus in recent years. While, optical fiber biosensor is a competitive option to meet these needs. Here, a diaphragm-based optical fiber pulse sensor was proposed to achieve high-precision radial pulse wave monitoring. A wearable device was developed, composed of a sports wristband and an aluminum diaphragm-based optical fiber sensor tip of only 1 cm in diameter, which was highly sensitive to the weak acoustic signal. In particular, coherent phase detection was adopted to improve detection signal-to-noise ratio, so as to recover the high-fidelity pulse waveforms. A clinical experiment was carried out to detect and morphological analyze the pulse waveforms of four subjects, the results of which preliminarily demonstrated the feasibility of pulse diagnosis method. The proposed pulse fiber sensor provides a comfortable way for pulse diagnosis, which is promising in early cardiovascular diseases indicating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Wang
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, and National Engineering Laboratory for Next Generation Internet Access System, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Kewei Liu
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, and National Engineering Laboratory for Next Generation Internet Access System, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qizhen Sun
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, and National Engineering Laboratory for Next Generation Internet Access System, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoling Ni
- Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Ai
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, and National Engineering Laboratory for Next Generation Internet Access System, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Senmao Wang
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, and National Engineering Laboratory for Next Generation Internet Access System, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijun Yan
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, and National Engineering Laboratory for Next Generation Internet Access System, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Deming Liu
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, and National Engineering Laboratory for Next Generation Internet Access System, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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Multiple linear regression model for vascular aging assessment based on radial artery pulse wave. Eur J Integr Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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10
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Jun MH, Jeon YJ, Cho JH, Kim YM. Pulse wave response characteristics for thickness and hardness of the cover layer in pulse sensors to measure radial artery pulse. Biomed Eng Online 2018; 17:118. [PMID: 30180852 PMCID: PMC6123980 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-018-0551-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Piezo-resistive pressure sensors are widely used for measuring pulse waves of the radial artery. Pulse sensors are generally fabricated with a cover layer because pressure sensors without a cover layer are fragile when they come into direct contact with the skin near the radial artery. However, no study has evaluated the dynamic pulse wave response of pulse sensors depending on the thickness and hardness of the cover layer. This study analyzed the dynamic pulse wave response according to the thickness and hardness of the cover layer and suggests an appropriate thickness and hardness for the design of pulse sensors with semiconductor device-based pressure sensors. Methods Pulse sensors with 6 different cover layers with various thicknesses (0.8 mm, 1 mm, 2 mm) and hardnesses (Shore type A; 30, 43, 49, 71) were fabricated. Experiments for evaluating the dynamic pulse responses of the fabricated sensors were performed using a pulse simulator to transmit the same pulse wave to each of the sensors. To evaluate the dynamic responses of the fabricated pulse sensors, experiments with the pulse sensors were conducted using a simulator that artificially generated a constant pulse wave. The pulse wave simulator consisted of a motorized cam device that generated the artificial radial pulse waveform by adjusting the stroke of the cylindrical air pump and an air tube that conveyed the pulse to the artificial wrist. Results The amplitude of the measured pulse pressure decreased with increasing thickness and hardness of the cover layer. Normalized waveform analysis showed that the thickness rather than the hardness of the cover layer contributed more to waveform distortion. Analysis of the channel distribution of the pulse sensor with respect to the applied constant dynamic pressure showed that the material of the cover layer had a large effect. Conclusions In this study, in-line array pulse sensors with various cover layers were fabricated, the dynamic pulse wave responses according to the thickness and the hardness of the cover layer were analyzed, and an appropriate thickness and hardness for the cover layer were suggested. The dynamic pulse wave responses of pulse sensors revealed in this study will contribute to the fabrication of improved pulse sensors and pulse wave analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ho Jun
- Future Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 1672 Yuseongdaero, Yuseong-gu, Deajeon, 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ju Jeon
- Future Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 1672 Yuseongdaero, Yuseong-gu, Deajeon, 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hee Cho
- Future Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 1672 Yuseongdaero, Yuseong-gu, Deajeon, 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Min Kim
- Future Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 1672 Yuseongdaero, Yuseong-gu, Deajeon, 34054, Republic of Korea.
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Bae JH, Kim JU, Kim J. Harmonic analysis of pulse morphology variability for pulse smoothness assessment. Biomed Signal Process Control 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2018.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Regression analysis and transfer function in estimating the parameters of central pulse waves from brachial pulse wave. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2017; 2017:1708-1711. [PMID: 29060215 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2017.8037171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This study mainly analyzed the parameters such as ascending branch slope (A_slope), dicrotic notch height (Hn), diastolic area (Ad) and systolic area (As) diastolic blood pressure (DBP), systolic blood pressure (SBP), pulse pressure (PP), subendocardial viability ratio (SEVR), waveform parameter (k), stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (CO) and peripheral resistance (RS) of central pulse wave invasively and non-invasively measured. These parameters extracted from the central pulse wave invasively measured were compared with the parameters measured from the brachial pulse waves by a regression model and a transfer function model. The accuracy of the parameters which were estimated by the regression model and the transfer function model was compared too. Our findings showed that in addition to the k value, the above parameters of the central pulse wave and the brachial pulse wave invasively measured had positive correlation. Both the regression model parameters including A_slope, DBP, SEVR and the transfer function model parameters had good consistency with the parameters invasively measured, and they had the same effect of consistency. The regression equations of the three parameters were expressed by Y'=a+bx. The SBP, PP, SV, CO of central pulse wave could be calculated through the regression model, but their accuracies were worse than that of transfer function model.
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Yang T, Jiang X, Zhong Y, Zhao X, Lin S, Li J, Li X, Xu J, Li Z, Zhu H. A Wearable and Highly Sensitive Graphene Strain Sensor for Precise Home-Based Pulse Wave Monitoring. ACS Sens 2017; 2:967-974. [PMID: 28750520 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.7b00230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Profuse medical information about cardiovascular properties can be gathered from pulse waveforms. Therefore, it is desirable to design a smart pulse monitoring device to achieve noninvasive and real-time acquisition of cardiovascular parameters. The majority of current pulse sensors are usually bulky or insufficient in sensitivity. In this work, a graphene-based skin-like sensor is explored for pulse wave sensing with features of easy use and wearing comfort. Moreover, the adjustment of the substrate stiffness and interfacial bonding accomplish the optimal balance between sensor linearity and signal sensitivity, as well as measurement of the beat-to-beat radial arterial pulse. Compared with the existing bulky and nonportable clinical instruments, this highly sensitive and soft sensing patch not only provides primary sensor interface to human skin, but also can objectively and accurately detect the subtle pulse signal variations in a real-time fashion, such as pulse waveforms with different ages, pre- and post-exercise, thus presenting a promising solution to home-based pulse monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Xinming Li
- Department
of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
SAR, China
| | - Jianlong Xu
- Institute
of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory
for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhihong Li
- National
Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication,
Institute of Microelectronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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Wang D, Zhang D, Lu G. Generalized Feature Extraction for Wrist Pulse Analysis: From 1-D Time Series to 2-D Matrix. IEEE J Biomed Health Inform 2017; 21:978-985. [DOI: 10.1109/jbhi.2016.2628238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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An objective review of the technological developments for radial pulse diagnosis in Traditional Chinese Medicine. Eur J Integr Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2015.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Abstract
Background: Using a modern scientific basis, this article examines clinical findings and experimentally reproducible data that demonstrate reliably the objective reality of the auriculotherapy procedures initiated by Paul Nogier, MD, of Lyon, France. Objective: The aims of this review are to: (1) identify the Chinese acupoints and all relevant related subjects; (2) offer a critical analysis of different auricle cartographies or ear maps; and (3) evaluate evidence for auriculotherapy with respect to the constant progress of our knowledge of nervous-system organization. Discussion: Acupuncture points have lower electrical impedance than nonacupoints. This was demonstrated by Niboyet and Terral, utilizing a sinusoidal current with the technical arrangements of different equivalent circuits made at Unit 103 of the French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Montpellier, France. This work demonstrated that physical behavior associated with acupuncture corresponds to a specific histologic structure located within the dermis termed the neurovascular complex (NVC). The concept of using sham points for testing acupuncture needs to be criticized. A reproducible experimental model of analgesia has been produced using the hind limb of a rabbit; this model is a proven demonstration of the positive action of acupuncture on pain. Acupuncture analgesia is a technique that has been used effectively by Chinese researchers in the 1970s for surgical applications. The different ear maps may have to be significantly modified because of the paucity of scientific validation of most of the localizations of organs or functions and, particularly, of nervous structures. Increased knowledge about complex nervous interactions should facilitate formulation of some scientifically acceptable hypothesis to explain the action of auriculotherapy. Conclusions: More scientific research should be performed to improve the scientific credibility of auriculotherapy.
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