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Choudhary S, Kashyap SS, Martin RJ, Robertson AP. Advances in our understanding of nematode ion channels as potential anthelmintic targets. Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist 2022; 18:52-86. [PMID: 35149380 PMCID: PMC8841521 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2021.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ion channels are specialized multimeric proteins that underlie cell excitability. These channels integrate with a variety of neuromuscular and biological functions. In nematodes, the physiological behaviors including locomotion, navigation, feeding and reproduction, are regulated by these protein entities. Majority of the antinematodal chemotherapeutics target the ion channels to disrupt essential biological functions. Here, we have summarized current advances in our understanding of nematode ion channel pharmacology. We review cys-loop ligand gated ion channels (LGICs), including nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), acetylcholine-chloride gated ion channels (ACCs), glutamate-gated chloride channels (GluCls), and GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) receptors, and other ionotropic receptors (transient receptor potential (TRP) channels and potassium ion channels). We have provided an update on the pharmacological properties of these channels from various nematodes. This article catalogs the differences in ion channel composition and resulting pharmacology in the phylum Nematoda. This diversity in ion channel subunit repertoire and pharmacology emphasizes the importance of pursuing species-specific drug target research. In this review, we have provided an overview of recent advances in techniques and functional assays available for screening ion channel properties and their application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Choudhary
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Sudhanva S Kashyap
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Richard J Martin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Alan P Robertson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
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2
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Sanson C, Schombert B, Filoche-Rommé B, Partiseti M, Bohme GA. Electrophysiological and Pharmacological Characterization of Human Inwardly Rectifying K ir2.1 Channels on an Automated Patch-Clamp Platform. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2019; 17:89-99. [PMID: 30835490 PMCID: PMC6479253 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2018.882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Inwardly rectifying IK1 potassium currents of the heart control the resting membrane potential of ventricular cardiomyocytes during diastole and contribute to their repolarization after each action potential. Mutations in the gene encoding Kir2.1 channels, which primarily conduct ventricular IK1, are associated with inheritable forms of arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. Therefore, potential iatrogenic inhibition of Kir2.1-mediated IK1 currents is a cardiosafety concern during new drug discovery and development. Kir2.1 channels are part of the panel of cardiac ion channels currently considered for refined early compound risk assessment within the Comprehensive in vitro Proarrhythmia Assay initiative. In this study, we have validated a cell-based assay allowing functional quantification of Kir2.1 inhibitors using whole-cell recordings of Chinese hamster ovary cells stably expressing human Kir2.1 channels. We reproduced key electrophysiological and pharmacological features known for native IK1, including current enhancement by external potassium and voltage- and concentration-dependent blockade by external barium. Furthermore, the Kir inhibitors ML133, PA-6, and chloroquine, as well as the multichannel inhibitors chloroethylclonidine, chlorpromazine, SKF-96365, and the class III antiarrhythmic agent terikalant demonstrated slowly developing inhibitory activity in the low micromolar range. The robustness of this assay authorizes medium throughput screening for cardiosafety purposes and could help to enrich the currently limited Kir2.1 pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Sanson
- 1 Integrated Drug Discovery, High-Content Biology, Sanofi Research and Development, Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Brigitte Schombert
- 1 Integrated Drug Discovery, High-Content Biology, Sanofi Research and Development, Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Bruno Filoche-Rommé
- 2 Integrated Drug Discovery, Medicinal Chemistry, Sanofi Research and Development, Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Michel Partiseti
- 1 Integrated Drug Discovery, High-Content Biology, Sanofi Research and Development, Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | - G Andrees Bohme
- 1 Integrated Drug Discovery, High-Content Biology, Sanofi Research and Development, Vitry-sur-Seine, France
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3
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Colley CS, England E, Linley JE, Wilkinson TCI. Screening Strategies for the Discovery of Ion Channel Monoclonal Antibodies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 82:e44. [DOI: 10.1002/cpph.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline S. Colley
- Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, MedImmune; Cambridge United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth England
- Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, MedImmune; Cambridge United Kingdom
| | - John E. Linley
- Neuroscience, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca; Cambridge United Kingdom
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4
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Kshatri AS, Gonzalez-Hernandez A, Giraldez T. Physiological Roles and Therapeutic Potential of Ca 2+ Activated Potassium Channels in the Nervous System. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:258. [PMID: 30104956 PMCID: PMC6077210 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the potassium ion channel family, calcium activated potassium (KCa) channels are unique in their ability to couple intracellular Ca2+ signals to membrane potential variations. KCa channels are diversely distributed throughout the central nervous system and play fundamental roles ranging from regulating neuronal excitability to controlling neurotransmitter release. The physiological versatility of KCa channels is enhanced by alternative splicing and co-assembly with auxiliary subunits, leading to fundamental differences in distribution, subunit composition and pharmacological profiles. Thus, understanding specific KCa channels’ mechanisms in neuronal function is challenging. Based on their single channel conductance, KCa channels are divided into three subtypes: small (SK, 4–14 pS), intermediate (IK, 32–39 pS) and big potassium (BK, 200–300 pS) channels. This review describes the biophysical characteristics of these KCa channels, as well as their physiological roles and pathological implications. In addition, we also discuss the current pharmacological strategies and challenges to target KCa channels for the treatment of various neurological and psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aravind S Kshatri
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical School, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.,Instituto de Tecnologias Biomedicas, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Alberto Gonzalez-Hernandez
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical School, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.,Instituto de Tecnologias Biomedicas, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Teresa Giraldez
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical School, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.,Instituto de Tecnologias Biomedicas, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
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5
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Verstraelen P, Van Dyck M, Verschuuren M, Kashikar ND, Nuydens R, Timmermans JP, De Vos WH. Image-Based Profiling of Synaptic Connectivity in Primary Neuronal Cell Culture. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:389. [PMID: 29997468 PMCID: PMC6028601 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorders display a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations. Yet, at the cellular level, virtually all these diseases converge into a common phenotype of dysregulated synaptic connectivity. In dementia, synapse dysfunction precedes neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment by several years, making the synapse a crucial entry point for the development of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Whereas high-resolution imaging and biochemical fractionations yield detailed insight into the molecular composition of the synapse, standardized assays are required to quickly gauge synaptic connectivity across large populations of cells under a variety of experimental conditions. Such screening capabilities have now become widely accessible with the advent of high-throughput, high-content microscopy. In this review, we discuss how microscopy-based approaches can be used to extract quantitative information about synaptic connectivity in primary neurons with deep coverage. We elaborate on microscopic readouts that may serve as a proxy for morphofunctional connectivity and we critically analyze their merits and limitations. Finally, we allude to the potential of alternative culture paradigms and integrative approaches to enable comprehensive profiling of synaptic connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Verstraelen
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Michiel Van Dyck
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Marlies Verschuuren
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Rony Nuydens
- Janssen Research and Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica N.V., Beerse, Belgium
| | - Jean-Pierre Timmermans
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Winnok H. De Vos
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Cell Systems and Imaging, Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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6
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Geiss AF, Bliem C, Frank P, Reiner-Rozman C, Kewney J, Boersch M, Naumann RLC. Proteo-lipobeads to encapsulate cytochrome c oxidase from Paracoccus denitrificans. J Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 500:119-125. [PMID: 28407595 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Revised: 04/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Proteo-lipobeads (PLBs) are investigated as cell-free model systems to encapsulate membrane proteins such as ion channels and transporters. PLBs are based on nickel nitrile tri-acetic acid (Ni-NTA)-functionalized agarose beads, onto which membrane proteins (MP) are bound via histidine(his)-tag. Composite beads thus obtained (subsequently called proteobeads) are dialyzed in the presence of lipid micelles to form PLBs. As an example we employed cytochrome c oxidase from P. denitrificans with a his-tag fused to the C-terminus of subunitI. In this orientation the P side of CcO faces the outside of the PLB and hence protons are released to the outer aqueous phase, when electron transfer is initiated by light excitation of Ru complexes. Proton release kinetics was probed by fluorescence microscopy using the pH-sensitive sensor molecule fluorescein DHPE inserted into the lipid layer. In order to monitor the generation of membrane potentials we performed a FLIPR assay on the CcO embedded in PLBs using the FRET pair CC2-DMPE/DiSBAC2(3). The combined results show that PLBs can be used as a model system designed to quantify the kinetic parameters of membrane proteins. In addition, the FLIPR assay demonstrates the feasibility of PLBs for high throughput screening applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas F Geiss
- Biosensor Technologies, Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, AIT, Donau-City-Str. 1, 1220 Vienna, Austria; University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Gregor-Mendel-Straβe 33, 1180 Wien, Austria.
| | - Christina Bliem
- Biosensor Technologies, Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, AIT, Donau-City-Str. 1, 1220 Vienna, Austria; Center of Electrochemical Surface Technology, CEST, Viktor-Kaplan-Str. 2, 2700 Wiener Neustadt, Austria.
| | - Pinar Frank
- Biosensor Technologies, Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, AIT, Donau-City-Str. 1, 1220 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Ciril Reiner-Rozman
- Biosensor Technologies, Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, AIT, Donau-City-Str. 1, 1220 Vienna, Austria; Center of Electrochemical Surface Technology, CEST, Viktor-Kaplan-Str. 2, 2700 Wiener Neustadt, Austria.
| | - Justin Kewney
- Telford Pavilion, Todd Campus, West of Scotland Science Park, Glasgow G20 OXA, Scotland, UK.
| | - Michael Boersch
- Single-Molecule Microscopy Group, Jena University Hospital, Nonnenplan 2-4, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Renate L C Naumann
- Biosensor Technologies, Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, AIT, Donau-City-Str. 1, 1220 Vienna, Austria.
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8
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Picones A, Loza-Huerta A, Segura-Chama P, Lara-Figueroa CO. Contribution of Automated Technologies to Ion Channel Drug Discovery. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2016; 104:357-378. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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9
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Briggman KL, Kristan WB, González JE, Kleinfeld D, Tsien RY. Monitoring Integrated Activity of Individual Neurons Using FRET-Based Voltage-Sensitive Dyes. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 859:149-69. [PMID: 26238052 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-17641-3_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pairs of membrane-associated molecules exhibiting fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) provide a sensitive technique to measure changes in a cell's membrane potential. One of the FRET pair binds to one surface of the membrane and the other is a mobile ion that dissolves in the lipid bilayer. The voltage-related signal can be measured as a change in the fluorescence of either the donor or acceptor molecules, but measuring their ratio provides the largest and most noise-free signal. This technology has been used in a variety of ways; three are documented in this chapter: (1) high throughput drug screening, (2) monitoring the activity of many neurons simultaneously during a behavior, and (3) finding synaptic targets of a stimulated neuron. In addition, we provide protocols for using the dyes on both cultured neurons and leech ganglia. We also give an updated description of the mathematical basis for measuring the coherence between electrical and optical signals. Future improvements of this technique include faster and more sensitive dyes that bleach more slowly, and the expression of one of the FRET pair genetically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin L Briggman
- Circuit Dynamics and Connectivity Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA,
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10
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Garcia ML, Kaczorowski GJ. Targeting the inward-rectifier potassium channel ROMK in cardiovascular disease. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2014; 15:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2013.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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11
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Garcia ML, Priest BT, Alonso-Galicia M, Zhou X, Felix JP, Brochu RM, Bailey T, Thomas-Fowlkes B, Liu J, Swensen A, Pai LY, Xiao J, Hernandez M, Hoagland K, Owens K, Tang H, de Jesus RK, Roy S, Kaczorowski GJ, Pasternak A. Pharmacologic inhibition of the renal outer medullary potassium channel causes diuresis and natriuresis in the absence of kaliuresis. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2013; 348:153-64. [PMID: 24142912 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.113.208603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The renal outer medullary potassium (ROMK) channel, which is located at the apical membrane of epithelial cells lining the thick ascending loop of Henle and cortical collecting duct, plays an important role in kidney physiology by regulating salt reabsorption. Loss-of-function mutations in the human ROMK channel are associated with antenatal type II Bartter's syndrome, an autosomal recessive life-threatening salt-wasting disorder with mild hypokalemia. Similar observations have been reported from studies with ROMK knockout mice and rats. It is noteworthy that heterozygous carriers of Kir1.1 mutations associated with antenatal Bartter's syndrome have reduced blood pressure and a decreased risk of developing hypertension by age 60. Although selective ROMK inhibitors would be expected to represent a new class of diuretics, this hypothesis has not been pharmacologically tested. Compound A [5-(2-(4-(2-(4-(1H-tetrazol-1-yl)phenyl)acetyl)piperazin-1-yl)ethyl)isobenzofuran-1(3H)-one)], a potent ROMK inhibitor with appropriate selectivity and characteristics for in vivo testing, has been identified. Compound A accesses the channel through the cytoplasmic side and binds to residues lining the pore within the transmembrane region below the selectivity filter. In normotensive rats and dogs, short-term oral administration of compound A caused concentration-dependent diuresis and natriuresis that were comparable to hydrochlorothiazide. Unlike hydrochlorothiazide, however, compound A did not cause any significant urinary potassium losses or changes in plasma electrolyte levels. These data indicate that pharmacologic inhibition of ROMK has the potential for affording diuretic/natriuretic efficacy similar to that of clinically used diuretics but without the dose-limiting hypokalemia associated with the use of loop and thiazide-like diuretics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria L Garcia
- Departments of Ion Channels (M.L.G., B.T.P., J.P.F., R.M.B., T.B., B.T.-F., J.L., A.S., G.J.K.), Hypertension (M.A.-G., X.Z., L.-Y.P., J.X., M.H., S.R.), Drug Metabolism (K.O.), and Medicinal Chemistry (H.T., R. K.J., A.P.), Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey; and Safety and Exploratory Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania (K.H.)
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12
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Felix JP, Priest BT, Solly K, Bailey T, Brochu RM, Liu CJ, Kohler MG, Kiss L, Alonso-Galicia M, Tang H, Pasternak A, Kaczorowski GJ, Garcia ML. The Inwardly Rectifying Potassium Channel Kir1.1: Development of Functional Assays to Identify and Characterize Channel Inhibitors. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2012; 10:417-31. [DOI: 10.1089/adt.2012.462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- John P. Felix
- Department of Ion Channels, Merck Research Laboratories, North Wales, Pennsylvania
| | - Birgit T. Priest
- Department of Ion Channels, Merck Research Laboratories, North Wales, Pennsylvania
| | - Kelli Solly
- Department of Automated Biotechnology, Merck Research Laboratories, North Wales, Pennsylvania
| | - Timothy Bailey
- Department of Ion Channels, Merck Research Laboratories, North Wales, Pennsylvania
| | - Richard M. Brochu
- Department of Ion Channels, Merck Research Laboratories, North Wales, Pennsylvania
| | - Chou J. Liu
- Department of Ion Channels, Merck Research Laboratories, North Wales, Pennsylvania
| | - Martin G. Kohler
- Department of Ion Channels, Merck Research Laboratories, North Wales, Pennsylvania
| | - Laszlo Kiss
- Department of Automated Biotechnology, Merck Research Laboratories, North Wales, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Haifeng Tang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey
| | - Alexander Pasternak
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey
| | | | - Maria L. Garcia
- Department of Ion Channels, Merck Research Laboratories, North Wales, Pennsylvania
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13
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Tang H, Walsh SP, Yan Y, de Jesus RK, Shahripour A, Teumelsan N, Zhu Y, Ha S, Owens KA, Thomas-Fowlkes BS, Felix JP, Liu J, Kohler M, Priest BT, Bailey T, Brochu R, Alonso-Galicia M, Kaczorowski GJ, Roy S, Yang L, Mills SG, Garcia ML, Pasternak A. Discovery of Selective Small Molecule ROMK Inhibitors as Potential New Mechanism Diuretics. ACS Med Chem Lett 2012; 3:367-72. [PMID: 24900480 DOI: 10.1021/ml3000066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The renal outer medullary potassium channel (ROMK or Kir1.1) is a putative drug target for a novel class of diuretics that could be used for the treatment of hypertension and edematous states such as heart failure. An internal high-throughput screening campaign identified 1,4-bis(4-nitrophenethyl)piperazine (5) as a potent ROMK inhibitor. It is worth noting that this compound was identified as a minor impurity in a screening hit that was responsible for all of the initially observed ROMK activity. Structure-activity studies resulted in analogues with improved rat pharmacokinetic properties and selectivity over the hERG channel, providing tool compounds that can be used for in vivo pharmacological assessment. The featured ROMK inhibitors were also selective against other members of the inward rectifier family of potassium channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Tang
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Hypertension, §Ion Channels, ⊥Preclinical DMPK, and ¶Chemistry Modeling, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway
New Jersey 07065,
United States
| | - Shawn P. Walsh
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Hypertension, §Ion Channels, ⊥Preclinical DMPK, and ¶Chemistry Modeling, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway
New Jersey 07065,
United States
| | - Yan Yan
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Hypertension, §Ion Channels, ⊥Preclinical DMPK, and ¶Chemistry Modeling, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway
New Jersey 07065,
United States
| | - Reynalda K. de Jesus
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Hypertension, §Ion Channels, ⊥Preclinical DMPK, and ¶Chemistry Modeling, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway
New Jersey 07065,
United States
| | - Aurash Shahripour
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Hypertension, §Ion Channels, ⊥Preclinical DMPK, and ¶Chemistry Modeling, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway
New Jersey 07065,
United States
| | - Nardos Teumelsan
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Hypertension, §Ion Channels, ⊥Preclinical DMPK, and ¶Chemistry Modeling, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway
New Jersey 07065,
United States
| | - Yuping Zhu
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Hypertension, §Ion Channels, ⊥Preclinical DMPK, and ¶Chemistry Modeling, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway
New Jersey 07065,
United States
| | - Sookhee Ha
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Hypertension, §Ion Channels, ⊥Preclinical DMPK, and ¶Chemistry Modeling, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway
New Jersey 07065,
United States
| | - Karen A. Owens
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Hypertension, §Ion Channels, ⊥Preclinical DMPK, and ¶Chemistry Modeling, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway
New Jersey 07065,
United States
| | - Brande S. Thomas-Fowlkes
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Hypertension, §Ion Channels, ⊥Preclinical DMPK, and ¶Chemistry Modeling, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway
New Jersey 07065,
United States
| | - John P. Felix
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Hypertension, §Ion Channels, ⊥Preclinical DMPK, and ¶Chemistry Modeling, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway
New Jersey 07065,
United States
| | - Jessica Liu
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Hypertension, §Ion Channels, ⊥Preclinical DMPK, and ¶Chemistry Modeling, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway
New Jersey 07065,
United States
| | - Martin Kohler
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Hypertension, §Ion Channels, ⊥Preclinical DMPK, and ¶Chemistry Modeling, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway
New Jersey 07065,
United States
| | - Birgit T. Priest
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Hypertension, §Ion Channels, ⊥Preclinical DMPK, and ¶Chemistry Modeling, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway
New Jersey 07065,
United States
| | - Timothy Bailey
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Hypertension, §Ion Channels, ⊥Preclinical DMPK, and ¶Chemistry Modeling, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway
New Jersey 07065,
United States
| | - Richard Brochu
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Hypertension, §Ion Channels, ⊥Preclinical DMPK, and ¶Chemistry Modeling, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway
New Jersey 07065,
United States
| | - Magdalena Alonso-Galicia
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Hypertension, §Ion Channels, ⊥Preclinical DMPK, and ¶Chemistry Modeling, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway
New Jersey 07065,
United States
| | - Gregory J. Kaczorowski
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Hypertension, §Ion Channels, ⊥Preclinical DMPK, and ¶Chemistry Modeling, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway
New Jersey 07065,
United States
| | - Sophie Roy
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Hypertension, §Ion Channels, ⊥Preclinical DMPK, and ¶Chemistry Modeling, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway
New Jersey 07065,
United States
| | - Lihu Yang
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Hypertension, §Ion Channels, ⊥Preclinical DMPK, and ¶Chemistry Modeling, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway
New Jersey 07065,
United States
| | - Sander G. Mills
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Hypertension, §Ion Channels, ⊥Preclinical DMPK, and ¶Chemistry Modeling, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway
New Jersey 07065,
United States
| | - Maria L. Garcia
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Hypertension, §Ion Channels, ⊥Preclinical DMPK, and ¶Chemistry Modeling, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway
New Jersey 07065,
United States
| | - Alexander Pasternak
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Hypertension, §Ion Channels, ⊥Preclinical DMPK, and ¶Chemistry Modeling, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway
New Jersey 07065,
United States
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14
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Song Y, Liao J. An in vitro Förster resonance energy transfer-based high-throughput screening assay for inhibitors of protein-protein interactions in SUMOylation pathway. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2011; 10:336-43. [PMID: 22192309 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2011.0394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) is a powerful tool in biological research and has been widely used in the study of biomolecular interactions. SUMOylation is an important post-translational modification that is involved in many key biological processes. As a multi-step cascade reaction, SUMOylation involves multiple enzymes and protein-protein interactions. Here, we report the development of an in vitro FRET-based high-throughput screening (HTS) assay in SUMOylation. This assay is based on steady state and high efficiency of the fluorescent energy transfer between CyPet and YPet fused to SUMO1 and Ubc9, respectively. We optimized the assay and performed a small-scale pilot study to validate the screening platform. Carried out in 384-well plate format, our FRET-based HTS provides a powerful tool for large-scale and high-throughput applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Song
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
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Fujii M, Ohya S, Yamamura H, Imaizumi Y. [Screening methods for ion-channels drug discovery and new ideas]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2011; 138:229-233. [PMID: 22156258 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.138.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
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Golden AP, Li N, Chen Q, Lee T, Nevill T, Cao X, Johnson J, Erdemli G, Ionescu-Zanetti C, Urban L, Holmqvist M. IonFlux: a microfluidic patch clamp system evaluated with human Ether-à-go-go related gene channel physiology and pharmacology. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2011; 9:608-19. [PMID: 21561375 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2010.0362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ion channel assays are essential in drug discovery, not only for identifying promising new clinical compounds, but also for minimizing the likelihood of potential side effects. Both applications demand optimized throughput, cost, and predictive accuracy of measured membrane current changes evoked or modulated by drug candidates. Several competing electrophysiological technologies are available to address this demand, but important gaps remain. We describe the industrial application of a novel microfluidic-based technology that combines compounds, cells, and buffers on a single, standard well plate. Cell trapping, whole cell, and compound perfusion are accomplished in interconnecting microfluidic channels that are coupled to pneumatic valves, which emancipate the system from robotics, fluidic tubing, and associated maintenance. IonFlux™ is a state-of-the-art, compact system with temperature control and continuous voltage clamp for potential application in screening for voltage- and ligand-gated ion channel modulators. Here, ensemble recordings of the IonFlux system were validated with the human Ether-à-go-go related gene (hERG) channel (stably expressed in a Chinese hamster ovary cell line), which has established biophysical and pharmacological characteristics in other automated planar patch systems. We characterized the temperature dependence of channel activation and its reversal potential. Concentration response characteristics of known hERG blockers and control compounds obtained with the IonFlux system correlated with literature and internal data obtained on this cell line with the QPatch HT system. Based on the biophysical and pharmacological data, we conclude that the IonFlux system offers a novel, versatile, automated profiling, and screening system for ion channel targets with the benefit of temperature control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Golden
- Preclinical Safety Profiling, Center for Proteomic Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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Nonthermal dielectric-barrier discharge plasma-induced inactivation involves oxidative DNA damage and membrane lipid peroxidation in Escherichia coli. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2011; 55:1053-62. [PMID: 21199923 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01002-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress leads to membrane lipid peroxidation, which yields products causing variable degrees of detrimental oxidative modifications in cells. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are the key regulators in this process and induce lipid peroxidation in Escherichia coli. Application of nonthermal (cold) plasma is increasingly used for inactivation of surface contaminants. Recently, we reported a successful application of nonthermal plasma, using a floating-electrode dielectric-barrier discharge (FE-DBD) technique for rapid inactivation of bacterial contaminants in normal atmospheric air (S. G. Joshi et al., Am. J. Infect. Control 38:293-301, 2010). In the present report, we demonstrate that FE-DBD plasma-mediated inactivation involves membrane lipid peroxidation in E. coli. Dose-dependent ROS, such as singlet oxygen and hydrogen peroxide-like species generated during plasma-induced oxidative stress, were responsible for membrane lipid peroxidation, and ROS scavengers, such as α-tocopherol (vitamin E), were able to significantly inhibit the extent of lipid peroxidation and oxidative DNA damage. These findings indicate that this is a major mechanism involved in FE-DBD plasma-mediated inactivation of bacteria.
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Song Y, Madahar V, Liao J. Development of FRET assay into quantitative and high-throughput screening technology platforms for protein-protein interactions. Ann Biomed Eng 2010; 39:1224-34. [PMID: 21174150 PMCID: PMC3069323 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-010-0225-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2010] [Accepted: 11/24/2010] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) technology has been widely used in biological and biomedical research and is a very powerful tool in elucidating protein interactions in many cellular processes. Ubiquitination and SUMOylation are multi-step cascade reactions, involving multiple enzymes and protein–protein interactions. Here we report the development of dissociation constant (Kd) determination for protein–protein interaction and cell-based high-throughput screening (HTS) assay in SUMOylation cascade using FRET technology. These developments are based on steady state and high efficiency of fluorescent energy transfer between CyPet and YPet fused with SUMO1 and Ubc9, respectively. The developments in theoretical and experimental procedures for protein interaction Kd determination and cell-based HTS provide novel tools in affinity measurement and protein interaction inhibitor screening. The Kd determined by FRET between SUMO1 and Ubc9 is compatible with those determined with other traditional approaches, such as isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR). The FRET-based HTS is pioneer in cell-based HTS. Both Kd determination and cell-based HTS, carried out in 384-well plate format, provide powerful tools for large-scale and high-throughput applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Song
- Department of Bioengineering, Bourns College of Engineering, University of California at Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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Abstract
For every movement, heartbeat and thought, ion channels need to open and close. It is therefore not surprising that their malfunctioning leads to serious diseases. Currently, only approximately 10% of drugs, with a market value in excess of US$10 billion, act on ion channels. The systematic exploitation of this target class has started, enabled by novel assay technologies and fundamental advances of the structural and mechanistic understanding of channel function. The latter, which was rewarded with the Nobel Prize in 2003, has opened up an avenue for rational drug design. In this review we provide an overview of the current repertoire of screening technologies that has evolved to drive ion channel-targeted drug discovery towards new medicines of the future.
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Impacts of different promoters on the mammalian one-hybrid assay for detecting nuclear receptor agonists. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 396:1721-30. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-009-3391-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2009] [Revised: 12/03/2009] [Accepted: 12/07/2009] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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An Interview with Gregory J. Kaczorowski, Ph.D., Senior Director, Department of Ion Channels, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, NJ. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2008; 6:137-42. [DOI: 10.1089/adt.2008.9993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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