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Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. We previously found that heat-shock protein 70 (HSP70) is expressed on hepatocellular carcinoma cells and developed an HSP70 mRNA-transfected dendritic cell therapy for treating unresectable or recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma. The phase I trial was completed successfully. The purpose of this study is to identify a promiscuous epitope peptide derived from HSP70 for the purpose of developing a novel cancer peptide vaccine. Using a computational algorithm to analyze the specificity of previously reported major histocompatibility complex class I–binding peptides, we selected candidates that bound to >2 of the 3 HLA types. Twenty-nine HSP70-derived peptides (9-mers) that bound to HLA-class I was selected. The peptides were prioritized based on the results of peptide binding experiments. Using dendritic cells stimulated with the candidate peptide described previously as stimulators and CD8+ T cells as effectors, an ELISPOT assay was performed. Cytotoxicity of CD8 lymphocytes stimulated with the candidate peptides toward HSP70-expressing cancer cells was analyzed using an xCELLigence System. Peptides were administered to HLA-A 24 transgenic mice as vaccines, and peptide-specific T-cell induction was measured in vivo. We identified a multi-HLA-class I–binding epitope peptide that bound to HLA-A*02:01, *02:06, and *24:02 in vitro using an interferon-γ ELISPOT immune response induction assay. Cytotoxicity was confirmed in vitro, and safety and immune response induction were confirmed in vivo using HLA-A 24 transgenic mice. Our study demonstrated that the promiscuous HSP70-derived peptide is applicable to cancer immunotherapy in patients with HLA-A*24:02-positive, *02:01-positive, and *02:06-positive HSP70-expressing cancers.
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Watanabe K, Murakoshi H, Tamura Y, Koyanagi M, Chikata T, Gatanaga H, Oka S, Takiguchi M. Identification of cross-clade CTL epitopes in HIV-1 clade A/E-infected individuals by using the clade B overlapping peptides. Microbes Infect 2013; 15:874-86. [PMID: 23968885 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2013.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Revised: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Identification of cross-clade T cell epitopes is one of key factors for the development of a widely applicable AIDS vaccine. We here investigated cross-clade CD8(+) T cell responses between clade B and A/E viruses in chronically HIV-1 clade A/E-infected Japanese individuals. CD8(+) T cell responses to 11-mer overlapping peptides derived from Nef, Gag, and Pol clade B consensus sequences were at a similar level to those to the same peptides found in clade B-infected individuals. Fifteen cross-clade CTL epitopes were identified from 13 regions where the frequency of responders was high in the clade A/E-infected individuals. The sequences of 6 epitopes were conserved between the clade B and clade A/E viruses whereas 9 epitopes had different amino acid sequences between the 2 viruses. CD8(+) T cells specific for the 6 conserved epitopes recognized cells infected with the clade A/E virus, whereas those for 8 diverse epitopes recognized both the clade A/E virus-infected and clade B-infected cells. All of the cross-clade CD8(+) T cells specific for conserved and diverse epitopes were detected in chronically HIV-1 clade A/E-infected individuals. These results show that in addition to conserved regions polymorphic ones across the clades can be targets for cross-clade CTLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Watanabe
- Center for AIDS Research, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan; AIDS Clinical Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Sriwanthana B, Mori M, Tanaka M, Nishimura S, Miura T, Pathipvanich P, Sawanpanyalert P, Ariyoshi K. The effect of HLA polymorphisms on the recognition of Gag epitopes in HIV-1 CRF01_AE infection. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41696. [PMID: 22848569 PMCID: PMC3407236 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The design of a globally effective vaccine rests on the identification of epitopes capable of eliciting effective cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses across multiple HIV clades in different populations. This study aims to discern the effect of HLA polymorphisms and the cross-clade reactivity or clade-specificity of epitopes in Thailand where HIV-1 CRF01_AE is circulating. Materials and Methods 14 peptides based on consensus HIV-1 CRF01_AE amino acid sequences were designed for use in IFN-γ ELISpot assays and 51Cr release assays among 66 HIV-1 CRF01_AE-infected Thai patients. For ELISpot responders carrying HLA alleles currently unknown to restrict CRF01_AE epitopes, in silico epitope-HLA prediction was performed. Results 29/66 (43.9%) patients recognized at least one peptide. In total 79 responses were seen against all 14 peptides. 28/79 (35.4%) of the responses were in patients with HLA alleles previously reported to restrict CRF01_AE epitopes, 24/79 (30.4%) responses were in individuals with HLA alleles previously reported to restrict epitopes of HIV clades other than CRF01_AE, and the remaining 27/79 (34.2%) responses were not associated with HLA alleles previously known to restrict HIV epitopes. In silico epitope prediction detected 19 novel, epitope-HLA combinations, and 11/19 (57.9%) were associated with HLA-C alleles. We further confirmed a novel HLA restriction of a previously identified HIV-1 Gag epitope [p24122–130: PPIPVGDIY (PY9)] by HLA-B*40:01 with a standard 51Cr release assay. Discussion CTL recognition sites in HIV-1 Gag were similar among different clades but the HLA restriction differed in Thai patients. This disparity in HLA restriction along different populations illustrated the importance of clade- and population-specific HLA analysis prior to CTL vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Masahiko Mori
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki city, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Paediatrics, The Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mari Tanaka
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki city, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Sei Nishimura
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki city, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Miura
- Advanced Clinical Research Centre, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Koya Ariyoshi
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki city, Nagasaki, Japan
- * E-mail:
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de Souza MS, Ratto-Kim S, Chuenarom W, Schuetz A, Chantakulkij S, Nuntapinit B, Valencia-Micolta A, Thelian D, Nitayaphan S, Pitisuttithum P, Paris RM, Kaewkungwal J, Michael NL, Rerks-Ngarm S, Mathieson B, Marovich M, Currier JR, Kim JH. The Thai phase III trial (RV144) vaccine regimen induces T cell responses that preferentially target epitopes within the V2 region of HIV-1 envelope. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 188:5166-76. [PMID: 22529301 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1102756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The Thai HIV phase III prime/boost vaccine trial (RV144) using ALVAC-HIV (vCP1521) and AIDSVAX B/E was, to our knowledge, the first to demonstrate acquisition efficacy. Vaccine-induced, cell-mediated immune responses were assessed. T cell epitope mapping studies using IFN-γ ELISPOT was performed on PBMCs from HIV-1-uninfected vaccine (n = 61) and placebo (n = 10) recipients using HIV-1 Env peptides. Positive responses were measured in 25 (41%) vaccinees and were predominantly CD4(+) T cell-mediated. Responses were targeted within the HIV Env region, with 15 of 25 (60%) of vaccinees recognizing peptides derived from the V2 region of HIV-1 Env, which includes the α(4)β(7) integrin binding site. Intracellular cytokine staining confirmed that Env responses predominated (19 of 30; 63% of vaccine recipients) and were mediated by polyfunctional effector memory CD4(+) T cells, with the majority of responders producing both IL-2 and IFN-γ (12 of 19; 63%). HIV Env Ab titers were higher in subjects with IL-2 compared with those without IL-2-secreting HIV Env-specific effector memory T cells. Proliferation assays revealed that HIV Ag-specific T cells were CD4(+), with the majority (80%) expressing CD107a. HIV-specific T cell lines obtained from vaccine recipients confirmed V2 specificity, polyfunctionality, and functional cytolytic capacity. Although the RV144 T cell responses were modest in frequency compared with humoral immune responses, the CD4(+) T cell response was directed to HIV-1 Env and more particularly the V2 region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark S de Souza
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program/U.S. Army Medical Component, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
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Buranapraditkun S, Hempel U, Pitakpolrat P, Allgaier RL, Thantivorasit P, Lorenzen SI, Sirivichayakul S, Hildebrand WH, Altfeld M, Brander C, Walker BD, Phanuphak P, Hansasuta P, Rowland-Jones SL, Allen TM, Ruxrungtham K. A novel immunodominant CD8+ T cell response restricted by a common HLA-C allele targets a conserved region of Gag HIV-1 clade CRF01_AE infected Thais. PLoS One 2011; 6:e23603. [PMID: 21887282 PMCID: PMC3161737 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0023603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2011] [Accepted: 07/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background CD8+ T cell responses play an important role in the control of HIV-1. The extensive sequence diversity of HIV-1 represents a critical hurdle to developing an effective HIV-1 vaccine, and it is likely that regional-specific vaccine strains will be required to overcome the diversity of the different HIV-1 clades distributed world-wide. Unfortunately, little is known about the CD8+ T cell responses against CRF01_AE, which is responsible for the majority of infections in Southeast Asia. Methodology/Principal Findings To identify dominant CD8+ T cell responses recognized in HIV-1 clade CRF01_AE infected subjects we drew upon data from an immunological screen of 100 HIV-1 clade CRF01_AE infected subjects using IFN-gamma ELISpot to characterize a novel immunodominant CD8+ T cell response in HIV-1 Gag restricted by HLA-Cw*0102 (p24, 277YSPVSILDI285, YI9). Over 75% of Cw*0102+ve subjects targeted this epitope, representing the strongest response in more than a third of these individuals. This novel CD8 epitope was located in a highly conserved region of HIV-1 Gag known to contain immunodominant CD8 epitopes, which are restricted by HLA-B*57 and -B*27 in clade B infection. Nonetheless, viral escape in this epitope was frequently observed in Cw*0102+ve subjects, suggestive of strong selection pressure being exerted by this common CD8+ T cell response. Conclusions/Significance As HLA-Cw*0102 is frequently expressed in the Thai population (allelic frequency of 16.8%), this immunodominant Cw*0102-restricted Gag epitope may represent an attractive candidate for vaccines specific to CRF01_AE and may help facilitate further studies of immunopathogenesis in this understudied HIV-1 clade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supranee Buranapraditkun
- Vaccine and Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Chulalongkorn Medical Research Center (ChulaMRC), and Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Interdisciplinary Program of Medical Microbiology, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ursula Hempel
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Patrawadee Pitakpolrat
- Vaccine and Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Chulalongkorn Medical Research Center (ChulaMRC), and Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Rachel L. Allgaier
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Pattarawat Thantivorasit
- Vaccine and Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Chulalongkorn Medical Research Center (ChulaMRC), and Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sven-Iver Lorenzen
- Vaccine and Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Chulalongkorn Medical Research Center (ChulaMRC), and Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sunee Sirivichayakul
- Vaccine and Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Chulalongkorn Medical Research Center (ChulaMRC), and Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - William H. Hildebrand
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Health Sciences Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Marcus Altfeld
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Christian Brander
- AIDS Research Institute IrsiCaixa - HIVACAT, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bruce D. Walker
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Praphan Phanuphak
- Vaccine and Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Chulalongkorn Medical Research Center (ChulaMRC), and Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Center, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pokrath Hansasuta
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sarah L. Rowland-Jones
- Medical Research Council, Human Immunology Unit, Weather all Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Todd M. Allen
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kiat Ruxrungtham
- Vaccine and Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Chulalongkorn Medical Research Center (ChulaMRC), and Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Center, Bangkok, Thailand
- * E-mail:
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