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Frutos MC, Blanco S, Balangero M, Carrizo LH, Santos Rocha A, Figueiredo Barbosa-Stancioli E, Nates S, Gallego S. Seronegative human T-cell lymphotropic virus 1 carriers in blood banks: A potential viral source for silent transmission? Vox Sang 2022; 117:1090-1097. [PMID: 35768998 DOI: 10.1111/vox.13329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Transfusion-transmitted viruses count among the greatest threats to blood safety. In Argentina, current laws oblige testing all donated blood for the presence of antibodies against human T-cell lymphotropic viruses 1 and 2 (HTLV-1/2). In endemic zones of the country, a high rate of seronegative HTLV-1 individuals with clear evidence of infection because of symptoms and/or presence of tax sequences of HTLV-1 and/or IgG anti-Tax antibodies has been recently described. Migration from endemic to nonendemic zones of Argentina is very frequent. MATERIALS AND METHODS During a 1-year period, in the blood bank of Córdoba city, we performed molecular screening of all donors who were born in or arose from endemic zones for HTLV-1/2 in Argentina and neighbouring countries. RESULTS By screening 219 bp of HTLV-1/2 tax gene, 0.6% (2/317) of the blood donors proved to be positive for HTLV-1 tax sequence. One of the donors presented anti-Tax antibodies, demonstrating the transcriptional activity of the tax gene, and the other donor was also positive for LTR and pol gene sequences. The HTLV-1 genetic analysis of the LTR sequence determined that it belonged to the Cosmopolitan subtype HTLV-1aA. CONCLUSION These findings suggest potential limitations of some currently approved screening assays for HTLV-1 detection applied in some donor populations and the possibility of an HTLV-1 seronegative carrier state with the potential for silent transmission by blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- María C Frutos
- Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Facultad de Ciencias Médicas - Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Sebastián Blanco
- Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Facultad de Ciencias Médicas - Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Fundación Banco Central de Sangre, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Marcos Balangero
- Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Facultad de Ciencias Médicas - Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | | | - Anderson Santos Rocha
- Laboratório de Virología Básica e Aplicada, Departamento de Microbiología, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Interdisciplinary HTLV Research Group, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Edel Figueiredo Barbosa-Stancioli
- Laboratório de Virología Básica e Aplicada, Departamento de Microbiología, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Interdisciplinary HTLV Research Group, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Silvia Nates
- Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Facultad de Ciencias Médicas - Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Sandra Gallego
- Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Facultad de Ciencias Médicas - Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Fundación Banco Central de Sangre, Córdoba, Argentina
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de Oliveira Andrade F, Cucco MS, Borba MMN, Neto RC, Gois LL, de Almeida Rego FF, Santos LA, Barreto FK. An overview of sequencing technology platforms applied to HTLV-1 studies: a systematic review. Arch Virol 2021; 166:3037-3048. [PMID: 34415436 PMCID: PMC8377154 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-05204-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) was the first human retrovirus described. The viral factors involved in the different clinical manifestations of infected individuals are still unknown, and in this sense, sequencing technologies can support viral genome studies, contributing to a better understanding of infection outcome. Currently, several sequencing technologies are available with different approaches. To understand the methodological advances in the HTLV-1 field, it is necessary to organize a synthesis by a rigorous review. This systematic literature review describes different technologies used to generate HTLV-1 sequences. The review follows the PRISMA guidelines, and the search for articles was performed in PubMed, Lilacs, Embase, and SciELO databases. From the 574 articles found in search, 62 were selected. The articles showed that, even with the emergence of new sequencing technologies, the traditional Sanger method continues to be the most commonly used methodology for generating HTLV-1 genome sequences. There are many questions that remain unanswered in the field of HTLV-1 research, and this reflects on the small number of studies using next-generation sequencing technologies, which could help address these gaps. The data compiled and analyzed here can help research on HTLV-1, assisting in the choice of sequencing technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe de Oliveira Andrade
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Anísio Teixeira, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58. Bairro Candeias, Vitória da Conquista, 45.029-094, Brazil
| | - Marina Silveira Cucco
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | | | - Luana Leandro Gois
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil
- Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública, Salvador, Brazil
- Universidade Católica do Salvador, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | - Luciane Amorim Santos
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
- Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública, Salvador, Brazil
- Universidade Católica do Salvador, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Khouri Barreto
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Anísio Teixeira, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58. Bairro Candeias, Vitória da Conquista, 45.029-094, Brazil.
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Afonso PV, Cassar O, Gessain A. Molecular epidemiology, genetic variability and evolution of HTLV-1 with special emphasis on African genotypes. Retrovirology 2019; 16:39. [PMID: 31842895 PMCID: PMC6916231 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-019-0504-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Human T cell leukemia virus (HTLV-1) is an oncoretrovirus that infects at least 10 million people worldwide. HTLV-1 exhibits a remarkable genetic stability, however, viral strains have been classified in several genotypes and subgroups, which often mirror the geographic origin of the viral strain. The Cosmopolitan genotype HTLV-1a, can be subdivided into geographically related subgroups, e.g. Transcontinental (a-TC), Japanese (a-Jpn), West-African (a-WA), North-African (a-NA), and Senegalese (a-Sen). Within each subgroup, the genetic diversity is low. Genotype HTLV-1b is found in Central Africa; it is the major genotype in Gabon, Cameroon and Democratic Republic of Congo. While strains from the HTLV-1d genotype represent only a few percent of the strains present in Central African countries, genotypes -e, -f, and -g have been only reported sporadically in particular in Cameroon Gabon, and Central African Republic. HTLV-1c genotype, which is found exclusively in Australo-Melanesia, is the most divergent genotype. This reflects an ancient speciation, with a long period of isolation of the infected populations in the different islands of this region (Australia, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands and Vanuatu archipelago). Until now, no viral genotype or subgroup is associated with a specific HTLV-1-associated disease. HTLV-1 originates from a simian reservoir (STLV-1); it derives from interspecies zoonotic transmission from non-human primates to humans (ancient or recent). In this review, we describe the genetic diversity of HTLV-1, and analyze the molecular mechanisms that are at play in HTLV-1 evolution. Similar to other retroviruses, HTLV-1 evolves either through accumulation of point mutations or recombination. Molecular studies point to a fairly low evolution rate of HTLV-1 (between 5.6E−7 and 1.5E−6 substitutions/site/year), supposedly because the virus persists within the host via clonal expansion (instead of new infectious cycles that use reverse transcriptase).
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe V Afonso
- Unité d'Epidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, CRNS-UMR 3569, Département de Virologie, Institut Pasteur, Bâtiment Lwoff, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724, Paris cedex 15, France.
| | - Olivier Cassar
- Unité d'Epidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, CRNS-UMR 3569, Département de Virologie, Institut Pasteur, Bâtiment Lwoff, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724, Paris cedex 15, France
| | - Antoine Gessain
- Unité d'Epidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, CRNS-UMR 3569, Département de Virologie, Institut Pasteur, Bâtiment Lwoff, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724, Paris cedex 15, France.
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Frutos MC, Gastaldello R, Balangero M, Remondegui C, Blanco S, Otsuki K, Paulo Vicente AC, Elías D, Mangeaud A, Nates S, Gallego S. Silent dissemination of HTLV-1 in an endemic area of Argentina. Epidemiological and molecular evidence of intrafamilial transmission. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174920. [PMID: 28384180 PMCID: PMC5383099 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Molecular and epidemiological studies of transmission routes and risk factors for infection by HTLV-1 are extremely important in order to implement control measures, especially because of the high prevalence of HTLV-1 in several regions of the world. San Salvador de Jujuy, Northwest Argentina, is a highly endemic area for HTLV-1 and foci of tropical spastic paraparesis/HTLV-1-associated myelopathy. Objective To gain further insight into the role of intrafamilial transmission of HTLV-1 in a highly endemic region in Argentina. Method Cross-sectional study in Northwest Argentina. Epidemiological data and blood samples were collected from 28 HTLV-1 infected subjects (index cases) and 92 close relatives/cohabitants. HTLV-1 infection was diagnosed by detection of antibodies and proviral DNA. The LTR region was sequenced and analyzed for genetic distances (VESPA software), in addition to determination and identification of polymorphisms to define HTLV-1 family signatures. Results Fifty seven of the 120 subjects enrolled had antibodies against HTLV-1 and were typified as HTLV-1 by PCR. The prevalence rate of HTLV-1 infection in family members of infected index cases was 31.52% (29/92). The infection was significantly associated with gender, age and prolonged lactation. Identity of LTR sequences and presence of polymorphisms revealed high prevalence of mother-to-child and interspousal transmission of HTLV-1 among these families. Conclusion There is an ongoing and silent transmission of HTLV-1 through vertical and sexual routes within family clusters in Northwest Argentina. This evidence highlights that HTLV-1 infection should be considered as a matter of public health in Argentina, in order to introduce preventive measures as prenatal screening and breastfeeding control.
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Affiliation(s)
- María C. Frutos
- Instituto de Virología “Dr. J. M. Vanella”, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas–Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- * E-mail:
| | - Rene Gastaldello
- Instituto de Virología “Dr. J. M. Vanella”, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas–Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Marcos Balangero
- Instituto de Virología “Dr. J. M. Vanella”, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas–Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Carlos Remondegui
- Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciones, Hospital San Roque, San Salvador de Jujuy, Argentina
| | - Sebastián Blanco
- Instituto de Virología “Dr. J. M. Vanella”, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas–Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Koko Otsuki
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular de Microorganismos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - David Elías
- Departamento de Matemática. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Arnaldo Mangeaud
- Departamento de Matemática. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Silvia Nates
- Instituto de Virología “Dr. J. M. Vanella”, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas–Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Sandra Gallego
- Instituto de Virología “Dr. J. M. Vanella”, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas–Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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Amoussa AER, Wilkinson E, Giovanetti M, de Almeida Rego FF, Araujo THA, de Souza Gonçalves M, de Oliveira T, Alcantara LCJ. HTLV-1aA introduction into Brazil and its association with the trans-Atlantic slave trade. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2017; 48:95-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Castro GM, Balangero MC, Maturano E, Mangeaud A, Gallego SV. Development and validation of a real-time PCR assay for a novel HTLV-1 tax sequence detection and proviral load quantitation. J Virol Methods 2013; 189:383-7. [PMID: 23499262 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2013.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Revised: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) assay using SYBR Green dye was established in order to detect and quantify the proviral DNA of HTLV-1 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Primers were designed, and the assay was standardized to amplify a novel, conserved HTLV-1 tax region. Proviral load was normalized to the amount of cellular DNA by quantitation of the human albumin gene. Firstly, the qPCR was assessed determining the specificity, sensitivity, dynamic range and intra- and inter-assay reproducibility of the technique. The limit of detection as determined by PROBIT analysis using dilutions of the standard was 2.97 copies. The assay had an excellent dynamic range from 10⁵ to 10¹ copies per reaction and good intra- and inter-assay reproducibility, CVs less than 2%. Secondly, the performance of the qPCR was tested on 40 HTLV-1 seropositive individuals. Proviral load for HTLV-1 carriers ranged from 2.2×10² to more than 8.3×10⁴ copies/10⁶ PBMCs. The high sensitivity and wide dynamic range allowed the determination of a broad range of HTLV-1 proviral loads in infected individuals. This assay is a valuable alternative diagnostic tool when current available serological assays are insufficient. In addition, it will facilitate the study of the relationship between proviral load and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo M Castro
- Laboratorio de Virus Linfotrópicos Humanos-Retrovirus HIV-HTLV, Instituto de Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Enfermera Gordillo s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, CP: X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina.
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Vicente ACP, Gudo ES, Iñiguez AM, Otsuki K, Bhatt N, Abreu CM, Vubil A, Bila D, Ferreira OC, Tanuri A, Jani IV. Genetic characterization of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 in Mozambique: transcontinental lineages drive the HTLV-1 endemic. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2011; 5:e1038. [PMID: 21532745 PMCID: PMC3075232 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2010] [Accepted: 03/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 (HTLV-1) is the etiological agent of adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). It has been estimated that 10–20 million people are infected worldwide, but no successful treatment is available. Recently, the epidemiology of this virus was addressed in blood donors from Maputo, showing rates from 0.9 to 1.2%. However, the origin and impact of HTLV endemic in this population is unknown. Objective To assess the HTLV-1 molecular epidemiology in Mozambique and to investigate their relationship with HTLV-1 lineages circulating worldwide. Methods Blood donors and HIV patients were screened for HTLV antibodies by using enzyme immunoassay, followed by Western Blot. PCR and sequencing of HTLV-1 LTR region were applied and genetic HTLV-1 subtypes were assigned by the neighbor-joining method. The mean genetic distance of Mozambican HTLV-1 lineages among the genetic clusters were determined. Human mitochondrial (mt) DNA analysis was performed and individuals classified in mtDNA haplogroups. Results LTR HTLV-1 analysis demonstrated that all isolates belong to the Transcontinental subgroup of the Cosmopolitan subtype. Mozambican HTLV-1 sequences had a high inter-strain genetic distance, reflecting in three major clusters. One cluster is associated with the South Africa sequences, one is related with Middle East and India strains and the third is a specific Mozambican cluster. Interestingly, 83.3% of HIV/HTLV-1 co-infection was observed in the Mozambican cluster. The human mtDNA haplotypes revealed that all belong to the African macrohaplogroup L with frequencies representatives of the country. Conclusions The Mozambican HTLV-1 genetic diversity detected in this study reveals that although the strains belong to the most prevalent and worldwide distributed Transcontinental subgroup of the Cosmopolitan subtype, there is a high HTLV diversity that could be correlated with at least 3 different HTLV-1 introductions in the country. The significant rate of HTLV-1a/HIV-1C co-infection, particularly in the Mozambican cluster, has important implications for the controls programs of both viruses. Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is the causative agent of Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma (ATL), the Tropical Spastic Paraparesis/HTLV-1-associated Myelopathy (TSP/HAM) and other inflammatory diseases, including dermatitis, uveitis, and myositis. It is estimated that 2–8% of the infected persons will develop a HTLV-1-associated disease during their lifetimes, frequently TSP/HAM. Thus far, there is not a specific treatment to this progressive and chronic disease. HTLV-1 has means of three transmission: (i) from mother to child during prolonged breastfeeding, (ii) between sexual partners and (iii) through blood transfusion. HTLV-1 has been characterized in 7 subtypes and the geographical distribution and the clinical impact of this infection is not well known, mainly in African population. HTLV-1 is endemic in sub-Saharan Africa. Mozambique is a country of southeastern Africa where TSP/HAM cases were reported. Recently, our group estimated the HTLV prevalence among Mozambican blood donors as 0.9%. In this work we performed a genetic analysis of HTLV-1 in blood donors and HIV/HTLV co-infected patients from Maputo, Mozambique. Our results showed the presence of three HTLV-1 clusters within the Cosmopolitan/Transcontinental subtype/subgroup. The differential rates of HIV-1/HTLV-1 co-infection in the three HTLV-1 clusters demonstrated the dynamic of the two viruses and the need for implementation of control measures focusing on both retroviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eduardo Samo Gudo
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Alena Mayo Iñiguez
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Koko Otsuki
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Nilesh Bhatt
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Celina M. Abreu
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Adolfo Vubil
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Dulce Bila
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Orlando C. Ferreira
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Amílcar Tanuri
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ilesh V. Jani
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Maputo, Mozambique
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Eirin ME, Berini CA, Jones LR, Dilernia DA, Puca AA, Biglione MM. Stable human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) subtype a/subgroup a endemicity in Amerindians from Northwest Argentina: a health problem to be resolved. J Med Virol 2011; 82:2116-22. [PMID: 20981802 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.21834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Jujuy province, in Northwest Argentina, is known to be endemic for HTLV-1 infection. Moreover, foci of HTLV-1 associated pathologies have also been described in this region. To gain an insight into the current situation of HTLV-1/2 in this endemic area, a seroprevalence and phylogenetic study was performed among a Kolla community from Abra Pampa city and surroundings. Out of 112 individuals, 11 (9.8%) were confirmed as HTLV-1 positive and no HTLV-2 infection was detected. The phylogenetic analysis of the LTR region showed that all the HTLV-1 sequences belonged to the Cosmopolitan subtype a/transcontinental subgroup A, and were closely related to reference sequences from Peru, Argentina, and the South of Brazil (P = 0.82). Considering the cultural and historical features of this community and in spite of the mandatory detection of anti-HTLV-1/2 antibodies in blood banks since 2005, it would be important to implement new public health measures focused on decreasing HTLV-1 transmission in this endemic area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E Eirin
- National Reference Center for AIDS, Department of Microbiology, Parasitology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Correlation of HTLV-1 Tax genetic diversity with HTLV-1 associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis progression and HTLV-1a genotypes in an HTLV-1 endemic region in Argentina. J Med Virol 2010; 82:1438-41. [DOI: 10.1002/jmv.21833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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HTLV-1 intrafamilial transmission through three generations in an isolated Afro-Brazilian community. J Clin Virol 2010; 48:155-7. [PMID: 20395170 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2010.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2009] [Revised: 03/03/2010] [Accepted: 03/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Best I, López G, Verdonck K, González E, Tipismana M, Gotuzzo E, Vanham G, Clark D. IFN-gamma production in response to Tax 161-233, and frequency of CD4+ Foxp3+ and Lin HLA-DRhigh CD123+ cells, discriminate HAM/TSP patients from asymptomatic HTLV-1-carriers in a Peruvian population. Immunology 2009; 128:e777-86. [PMID: 19740339 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2009.03082.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1) can cause HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). The objective of this study was to gain insight into the pathogenesis of HAM/TSP by focusing on the CD8(+) T-cell response. Twenty-three HTLV-1-seronegative controls (SC), 29 asymptomatic HTLV-1 carriers (AC) and 48 patients with HAM/TSP were enrolled in the study. We evaluated the production of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated with Tax overlapping peptides, the expression of genes related to the CD8(+) cytotoxic T-cell response, the frequency of CD4(+) Foxp3(+) cells and of dendritic cells, and the HTLV-1 provirus load (PVL). The frequency of cells producing IFN-gamma in response to Tax 161-233, but not to Tax 11-19, discriminated patients with HAM/TSP from AC. The increased pro-inflammatory response observed in patients with HAM/TSP was shared by AC with a high PVL, who also exhibited lower levels of granzyme H mRNA in unstimulated CD8(+) T cells than AC with a low PVL. Patients with HAM/TSP showed higher frequencies of CD4(+) Foxp3(+) cells and lower frequencies of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) than AC. Our findings are consistent with a model in which HTLV-1, along with the host genetic background, drives quantitative and qualitative changes in pDC and CD4(+) Foxp3(+) cells that lead to a predominance of inflammatory responses over lytic responses in the CD8(+) T-cell response of individuals predisposed to develop HAM/TSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Best
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.
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