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Larrea-Schiavon S, Hubert C, Leyva-Flores R, Sánchez-Domínguez JM, Ramírez-Hinojosa JP, Calva JJ. Increased Rate of Protease Inhibitor-resistance Associated Mutations in Human Immunodeficiency Viruses Infecting Mexicans who had Been Living Abroad. Arch Med Res 2021; 53:296-303. [PMID: 34750018 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2021.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Migrants face multiple barriers to accessing health services and antiretroviral therapy (ART). We tested the hypothesis that HIV-infected ART-experienced Mexicans with a history of residence in the U.S. have a higher rate of viral drug-resistance associated mutations (RAMs) versus those without such a history. METHODS Viral genotypic resistance tests obtained from 336 HIV-infected Mexican patients throughout the country were analysed for the presence of viral-RAMs and its rate was compared between migrants and non-migrants. Adjustment for potential confounders was done though a multivariate analysis. RESULTS Eighty-four Mexicans who had lived for at least 3 months in the U.S. were more likely to have three or more protease inhibitor (PI)-major RAMs (aOR = 2.47; 95% CI = 1.06-5.76; p < 0.05) than in 252 individuals without this background, independently of the time spent on ART. CONCLUSIONS A migration background is associated with a higher likelihood of the emergence of HIV variants with decreased susceptibility to several PI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Celia Hubert
- Centro de Investigaciones en Salud de la Población, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - René Leyva-Flores
- Centro de Investigación de Sistemas de Salud, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Jacqueline M Sánchez-Domínguez
- Departamento de Infectología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Juan Pablo Ramírez-Hinojosa
- Departamento de Infectología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Juan J Calva
- Departamento de Infectología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, México.
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López P, Tirado G, Arias A, Sánchez R, Rodríguez-López ER, Rivera-Amill V. Short Communication: Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors Drug Resistance Mutations in Puerto Rico HIV-Positive Individuals. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18052719. [PMID: 33800269 PMCID: PMC7967446 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18052719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The HIV-1 integrase viral protein is responsible for incorporating the viral DNA into the genomic DNA. The inhibition of viral integration into host cell DNA is part of recent therapeutic procedures. Combination therapy with protease and reverse transcriptase inhibitors has demonstrated good synergistic results in reducing viral replication. The purpose of this study is to assess the occurrence of integrase drug resistance mutations from the period comprising 2013 through 2018 in Puerto Rico (PR). We analyzed 131 nucleotide sequences available in our HIV genotyping database, and we performed drug resistance mutation analyses using the Stanford HIV Drug Resistance Database. Twenty-one sequences (16.03%) harbored major or resistance-associated mutations. We identified the Q148HKR, G140S, Y143R, N155H, S147G, and E138EA major drug resistance mutations and the D232DN, T97TA, E157Q, G163GART accessory mutations. We detected high-level drug resistance to Elvitegravir and Raltegravir (76.19% and 85.71%). Moreover, we identified sequences harboring drug resistance mutations that could provide resistance to Dolutegravir. The transmission of strains with integrase antiretroviral resistance has been previously documented in treatment naïve patients. Given the increase of patients treated with integrase inhibitors, surveillance of drug resistance mutations is an essential aspect of PR's clinical management of HIV infection.
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López P, De Jesús O, Yamamura Y, Rodríguez N, Arias A, Sánchez R, Rodríguez Y, Tamayo-Agrait V, Cuevas W, Rivera-Amill V. Molecular Epidemiology of HIV-1 Virus in Puerto Rico: Novel Cases of HIV-1 Subtype C, D, and CRF-24BG. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2018; 34:507-516. [PMID: 29658302 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2017.0305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 subtype B virus is the most prevalent subtype in Puerto Rico (PR), accounting for about 90% of infection in the island. Recently, other subtypes and circulating recombinant forms (CRFs), including F(12_BF), A (01_BF), and CRF-39 BF-like, have been identified. The purpose of this study is to assess the distribution of drug resistance mutations and subtypes in PR. A total of 846 nucleotide sequences from the period comprising 2013 through 2017 were obtained from our "HIV Genotyping" test file. Phylogenetic and molecular epidemiology analyses were performed to evaluate the evolutionary dynamics and prevalence of drug resistance mutations. According to our results, we detected a decrease in the prevalence of protease inhibitor, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI), and non-NRTI (NNRTI) resistance mutations over time. In addition, we also detected recombinant forms and, for the first time, identified subtypes C, D, and CRF-24BG in PR. Recent studies suggest that non-subtypes B are associated with a high risk of treatment failure and disease progression. The constant monitoring of viral evolution and drug resistance mutation dynamics is important to establish appropriate efforts for controlling viral expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo López
- AIDS Research Program, Ponce Health Sciences University-School of Medicine, Ponce Research Institute, Ponce, Puerto Rico
| | - Omayra De Jesús
- AIDS Research Program, Ponce Health Sciences University-School of Medicine, Ponce Research Institute, Ponce, Puerto Rico
| | - Yasuhiro Yamamura
- AIDS Research Program, Ponce Health Sciences University-School of Medicine, Ponce Research Institute, Ponce, Puerto Rico
| | - Nayra Rodríguez
- AIDS Research Program, Ponce Health Sciences University-School of Medicine, Ponce Research Institute, Ponce, Puerto Rico
| | - Andrea Arias
- AIDS Research Program, Ponce Health Sciences University-School of Medicine, Ponce Research Institute, Ponce, Puerto Rico
| | - Raphael Sánchez
- AIDS Research Program, Ponce Health Sciences University-School of Medicine, Ponce Research Institute, Ponce, Puerto Rico
| | - Yadira Rodríguez
- AIDS Research Program, Ponce Health Sciences University-School of Medicine, Ponce Research Institute, Ponce, Puerto Rico
| | - Vivian Tamayo-Agrait
- Puerto Rico Community Network for Clinical Research on AIDS, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Wilfredo Cuevas
- HIV Clinic Outpatient Department, Ryder Memorial Hospital, Humacao, Puerto Rico
| | - Vanessa Rivera-Amill
- AIDS Research Program, Ponce Health Sciences University-School of Medicine, Ponce Research Institute, Ponce, Puerto Rico
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