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Capone A, Lo Presti A, Sernicola L, Farcomeni S, Ferrantelli F, Maggiorella MT, Mee ET, Rose NJ, Cella E, Ciccozzi M, Ensoli B, Borsetti A. Genetic diversity in the env V1-V2 region of proviral quasispecies from long-term controller MHC-typed cynomolgus macaques infected with SHIVSF162P4cy. J Gen Virol 2018; 99:1717-1728. [PMID: 30311877 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Intra-host evolution of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) has been shown by viral RNA analysis in subjects who naturally suppress plasma viremia to low levels, known as controllers. However, little is known about the variability of proviral DNA and the inter-relationships among contained systemic viremia, rate of reservoir reseeding and specific major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genotypes, in controllers. Here, we analysed the proviral DNA quasispecies of the env V1-V2 region, in PBMCs and in anatomical compartments of 13 long-term controller monkeys after 3.2 years of infection with simian/human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV)SF162P4cy. A considerable variation in the genetic diversity of proviral quasispecies was present among animals. Seven monkeys exhibited env V1-V2 proviral populations composed of both clusters of identical ancestral sequences and new variants, whereas the other six monkeys displayed relatively high env V1-V2 genetic diversity with a large proportion of diverse novel sequences. Our results demonstrate that in SHIVSF162P4cy-infected monkeys there exists a disparate pattern of intra-host viral diversity and that reseeding of the proviral reservoir occurs in some animals. Moreover, even though no particular association has been observed between MHC haplotypes and the long-term control of infection, a remarkably similar pattern of intra-host viral diversity and divergence was found within animals carrying the M3 haplotype. This suggests that in animals bearing the same MHC haplotype and infected with the same virus, viral diversity follows a similar pattern with similar outcomes and control of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Capone
- 1National HIV/AIDS Research Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, V.le Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.,2Neuroimmunology Laboratory, Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.,3Department of Biology and Biotechnology Charles Darwin, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Lo Presti
- 4Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, V.le Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Leonardo Sernicola
- 1National HIV/AIDS Research Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, V.le Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Farcomeni
- 1National HIV/AIDS Research Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, V.le Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Flavia Ferrantelli
- 5National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, V.le Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria T Maggiorella
- 1National HIV/AIDS Research Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, V.le Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Edward T Mee
- 6Division of Virology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Medicines and Healthcare product Regulatory Agency, South Mimms, Hertfordshire, EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Nicola J Rose
- 6Division of Virology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Medicines and Healthcare product Regulatory Agency, South Mimms, Hertfordshire, EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Eleonora Cella
- 7Medical statistic and molecular epidemiology unit, University campus bio medico, Roma, Italy
| | - Massimo Ciccozzi
- 7Medical statistic and molecular epidemiology unit, University campus bio medico, Roma, Italy
| | - Barbara Ensoli
- 1National HIV/AIDS Research Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, V.le Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Borsetti
- 1National HIV/AIDS Research Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, V.le Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
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