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Dresler SR, Pinto BI, Salanga MC, Propper CR, Berry SR, Kellar RS. Arsenic Impairs Wound Healing Processes in Dermal Fibroblasts and Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2161. [PMID: 38396835 PMCID: PMC10888720 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Inorganic arsenic (NaAsO2) is a naturally occurring metalloid found in water resources globally and in the United States at concentrations exceeding the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Maximum Contamination Level of 10 ppb. While exposure to arsenic has been linked to cancer, cardiovascular disease, and skin lesions, the impact of arsenic exposure on wound healing is not fully understood. Cultured dermal fibroblasts exposed to NaAsO2 displayed reduced migration (scratch closure), proliferation, and viability with a lowest observable effect level (LOEL) of 10 µM NaAsO2 following 24 h exposure. An enrichment of Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1) transcripts was observed at a LOEL of 1 µM NaAsO2 and 24 h exposure. In vivo, C57BL/6 mice were exposed to 10 µM NaAsO2 in their drinking water for eight weeks, then subjected to two full thickness dorsal wounds. Wounds were evaluated for closure after 6 days. Female mice displayed a significant reduction in wound closure and higher erythema levels, while males showed no effects. Gene expression analysis from skin excised from the wound site revealed significant enrichment in Arsenic 3-Methyltransferase (As3mt) and Estrogen Receptor 2 (Esr2) mRNA in the skin of female mice. These results indicate that arsenic at environmentally relevant concentrations may negatively impact wound healing processes in a sex-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara R. Dresler
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA; (S.R.D.); (B.I.P.); (M.C.S.); (C.R.P.); (S.R.B.)
| | - Bronson I. Pinto
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA; (S.R.D.); (B.I.P.); (M.C.S.); (C.R.P.); (S.R.B.)
| | - Matthew C. Salanga
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA; (S.R.D.); (B.I.P.); (M.C.S.); (C.R.P.); (S.R.B.)
| | - Catherine R. Propper
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA; (S.R.D.); (B.I.P.); (M.C.S.); (C.R.P.); (S.R.B.)
| | - Savannah R. Berry
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA; (S.R.D.); (B.I.P.); (M.C.S.); (C.R.P.); (S.R.B.)
| | - Robert S. Kellar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA; (S.R.D.); (B.I.P.); (M.C.S.); (C.R.P.); (S.R.B.)
- Center for Materials Interfaces in Research & Applications, ¡MIRA!, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
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Moni SS, Sultan MH, Alshahrani S, Tripathi P, Assiri A, Alqahtani SS, Bakkari MA, Madkhali OA, Alam MF, Alqahtani AH, Tripathi R, Pancholi SS, Ashafaq M, Elmobark ME. Physical characterization and wound healing properties of Zamzam water. BRAZ J BIOL 2022; 82:e262815. [PMID: 35976285 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.262815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of the study was to evaluate the quality of Zamzam water, holy water for Muslims and consumed for its medicinal value. The present study demonstrates the physicochemical characterization and wound healing property of Zamzam water. The physicochemical characterization of Zamzam water samples was analyzed for dissolved oxygen, pH, conductivity, total dissolved solids, redox potential, zeta potential, polydispersity index, and zeta size. The microbial quality of Zamzam water was also assessed by exposing water samples to open air. In this work, Zamzam water was also screened for the medicinal value through wound healing properties in Wistar rats. Zamzam water exhibited a unique physicochemical characterization with high levels of dissolved oxygen, zeta potential, polydispersity index, redox potential, total dissolved solids, and conductivity before exposure to open air. After open air exposure, Zamzam water resisted the growth of bacteria. The wound healing properties of Zamzam water in vivo showed a 96% of healing effect on 12th day observation. The wound healing was achieved by modulating pro-inflammatory cytokine such as interleukin -1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor -α (TNF-α). Followed by the level of apoptosis markers caspase-9 and caspase-3 were reduced. The present study proved that Zamzam water is a good-quality water and showed excellent wound healing property. Therefore, Zamzam water can be used for pharmaceutical formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Moni
- Jazan University, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - M H Sultan
- Jazan University, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - S Alshahrani
- Jazan University, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - P Tripathi
- Jazan University, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - A Assiri
- King Khalid University, College of Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - S S Alqahtani
- Jazan University, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Jazan University, College of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Practice Research Unit, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - M A Bakkari
- Jazan University, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - O A Madkhali
- Jazan University, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - M F Alam
- Jazan University, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - A H Alqahtani
- Al- Dawaa Medical Services, Co Ltd, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - R Tripathi
- Jazan University, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - S S Pancholi
- Jazan University, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Ganpat University, S. K. Patel College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Mahesana, Gujarat, India
| | - M Ashafaq
- Jazan University, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - M E Elmobark
- Jazan University, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Alishahedani ME, Yadav M, McCann KJ, Gough P, Castillo CR, Matriz J, Myles IA. Therapeutic candidates for keloid scars identified by qualitative review of scratch assay research for wound healing. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253669. [PMID: 34143844 PMCID: PMC8213172 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The scratch assay is an in vitro technique used to analyze cell migration, proliferation, and cell-to-cell interaction. In the assay, cells are grown to confluence and then ‘scratched’ with a sterile instrument. For the cells in the leading edge, the resulting polarity induces migration and proliferation in attempt to ‘heal’ the modeled wound. Keloid scars are known to have an accelerated wound closure phenotype in the scratch assay, representing an overactivation of wound healing. We performed a qualitative review of the recent literature searching for inhibitors of scratch assay activity that were already available in topical formulations under the hypothesis that such compounds may offer therapeutic potential in keloid treatment. Although several shortcomings in the scratch assay literature were identified, caffeine and allicin successfully inhibited the scratch assay closure and inflammatory abnormalities in the commercially available keloid fibroblast cell line. Caffeine and allicin also impacted ATP production in keloid cells, most notably with inhibition of non-mitochondrial oxygen consumption. The traditional Chinese medicine, shikonin, was also successful in inhibiting scratch closure but displayed less dramatic impacts on metabolism. Together, our results partially summarize the strengths and limitations of current scratch assay literature and suggest clinical assessment of the therapeutic potential for these identified compounds against keloid scars may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadali E. Alishahedani
- Epithelial Therapeutics Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, North Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Manoj Yadav
- Epithelial Therapeutics Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, North Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Katelyn J. McCann
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Portia Gough
- Epithelial Therapeutics Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, North Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Carlos R. Castillo
- Epithelial Therapeutics Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, North Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jobel Matriz
- Epithelial Therapeutics Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, North Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ian A. Myles
- Epithelial Therapeutics Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, North Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Angiogenesis in Wound Healing following Pharmacological and Toxicological Exposures. CURRENT PATHOBIOLOGY REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40139-020-00212-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Muhamad P, Panrit L, Chaijaroenkul W, Na-Bangchang K. Cytotoxicity, Cell Cycle Arrest, and Apoptosis Induction Activity of Ethyl-p-methoxycinnamate in Cholangiocarcinoma Cell. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2020; 21:927-934. [PMID: 32334452 PMCID: PMC7445962 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2020.21.4.927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate cytotoxic activity of ethyl-p-methoxycinnamate (EPMC) including its effect on p-glycoprotein (multidrug resistance-1: mdr-1 gene) in human cholangiocarcinoma cell. Methods: Cytotoxic activity of EPMC against human cholangiocarcinoma (CL-6), fibroblast (OUMS-36T-1F), and colon cancer (Caco-2) cell lines were assessed using MTT assay. Selectivity index (SI) was determined as the ratio of IC50 (concentration that inhibits cell growth by 50%) of EPMC in OUMS-36T-1F and that in CL-6 cell. Cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in CL-6 cells were investigated by flow cytometry and fluorescent microscopy. Effect of EPMC on mdr-1 gene expression in CL-6 and Caco-2 was determined by real-time PCR. Results: The median (95% CI) IC50 values of EPMC in CL-6, OUMS-36T-1F, and Caco-2 were 245.5 (243.1-266.7), 899.60 (855.8-966.3) and 347.0 (340.3-356.9) µg/ml, respectively. The SI value of the compound for the CL-6 cell was 3.70. EPMC at IC50 inhibited CL-6 cell division and induced apoptosis compared to untreated control. EPMC exposure did not induce mdr-1 gene expression in both CL-6 and Caco-2 cells. Conclusion: The results suggest the potential role of EPMC in cholangiocarcinoma with a low possibility of drug resistance induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phunuch Muhamad
- Drug Discovery and Development Center, Office of Advanced Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Luxsana Panrit
- Drug Discovery and Development Center, Office of Advanced Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Wanna Chaijaroenkul
- Center of Excellence in Pharmacology of Malaria and Cholangiocarcinoma, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani,Thailand.,Graduate Program in Bioclinical Sciences, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Kesara Na-Bangchang
- Drug Discovery and Development Center, Office of Advanced Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Pharmacology of Malaria and Cholangiocarcinoma, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani,Thailand.,Graduate Program in Bioclinical Sciences, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
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Pinto BI, Cruz ND, Lujan OR, Propper CR, Kellar RS. In Vitro Scratch Assay to Demonstrate Effects of Arsenic on Skin Cell Migration. J Vis Exp 2019:10.3791/58838. [PMID: 30855562 PMCID: PMC7537821 DOI: 10.3791/58838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the physiologic mechanisms of wound healing has been the focus of ongoing research for many years. This research directly translates into changes in clinical standards used for treating wounds and decreasing morbidity and mortality for patients. Wound healing is a complex process that requires strategic cell and tissue interaction and function. One of the many critically important functions of wound healing is individual and collective cellular migration. Upon injury, various cells from the blood, surrounding connective, and epithelial tissues rapidly migrate to the wound site by way of chemical and/or physical stimuli. This migration response can largely dictate the outcomes and success of a healing wound. Understanding this specific cellular function is important for translational medicine that can lead to improved wound healing outcomes. Here, we describe a protocol used to better understand cellular migration as it pertains to wound healing, and how changes to the cellular environment can significantly alter this process. In this example study, dermal fibroblasts were grown in media supplemented with fetal bovine serum (FBS) as monolayer cultures in tissue culture flasks. Cells were aseptically transferred into tissue culture treated 12-well plates and grown to 100% confluence. Upon reaching confluence, the cells in the monolayer were vertically scratched using a p200 pipet tip. Arsenic diluted in culture media supplemented with FBS was added to individual wells at environmentally relevant doses ranging 0.1-10 M. Images were captured every 4 hours (h) over a 24 h period using an inverted light microscope to observe cellular migration (wound closure). Images were individually analyzed using image analysis software, and percent wound closure was calculated. Results demonstrate that arsenic slows down wound healing. This technique provides a rapid and inexpensive first screen for evaluation of the effects of contaminants on wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bronson I Pinto
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University; Center for Bioengineering Innovation, Northern Arizona University
| | - Nathan D Cruz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University
| | - Oscar R Lujan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University
| | - Catherine R Propper
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Arizona University
| | - Robert S Kellar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northern Arizona University; Center for Bioengineering Innovation, Northern Arizona University;
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