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Abstract
During the past few decades, gene delivery using recombinant virus has made tremendous progress. With a higher than 80 % transduction efficiency, even in non-dividing cells, viral transduction has become the method of choice for efficient gene transfer into cardiomyocytes. However, in vitro gene delivery is dependent on a robust cell isolation protocol, as prolonged cultivation is needed to initiate gene expression and target specific cellular processes. This chapter describes some of the important steps that need to be considered for successful in vitro gene transfer into adult cardiomyocytes. Included are detailed protocols for isolating cells, maintaining rod shaped cardiomyocytes in culture over several days, and employing adenovirus for gene transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kjetil Hodne
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Oslo, Norway
| | - David B Lipsett
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Ullevål, Kirkeveien 166, 0407, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - William E Louch
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Ullevål, Kirkeveien 166, 0407, Oslo, Norway.
- KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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Joseph G, Soler A, Hutcheson R, Hunter I, Bradford C, Hutcheson B, Gotlinger KH, Jiang H, Falck JR, Proctor S, Schwartzman ML, Rocic P. Elevated 20-HETE impairs coronary collateral growth in metabolic syndrome via endothelial dysfunction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2016; 312:H528-H540. [PMID: 28011587 PMCID: PMC5402017 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00561.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Coronary collateral growth (CCG) is impaired in metabolic syndrome (MetS). microRNA-145 (miR-145-Adv) delivery to our rat model of MetS (JCR) completely restored and neutrophil depletion significantly improved CCG. We determined whether low endogenous levels of miR-145 in MetS allowed for elevated production of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE), which, in turn, resulted in excessive neutrophil accumulation and endothelial dysfunction leading to impaired CCG. Rats underwent 0-9 days of repetitive ischemia (RI). RI-induced cardiac CYP4F (neutrophil-specific 20-HETE synthase) expression and 20-HETE levels were increased (4-fold) in JCR vs. normal rats. miR-145-Adv and 20-HETE antagonists abolished and neutrophil depletion (blocking antibodies) reduced (~60%) RI-induced increases in CYP4F expression and 20-HETE production in JCR rats. Impaired CCG in JCR rats (collateral-dependent blood flow using microspheres) was completely restored by 20-HETE antagonists [collateral-dependent zone (CZ)/normal zone (NZ) flow ratio was 0.76 ± 0.07 in JCR + 20-SOLA, 0.84 ± 0.05 in JCR + 20-HEDGE vs. 0.11 ± 0.02 in JCR vs. 0.84 ± 0.03 in normal rats]. In JCR rats, elevated 20-HETE was associated with excessive expression of endothelial adhesion molecules and neutrophil infiltration, which were reversed by miR-145-Adv. Endothelium-dependent vasodilation of coronary arteries, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) Ser1179 phosphorylation, eNOS-dependent NO·- production and endothelial cell survival were compromised in JCR rats. These parameters of endothelial dysfunction were completely reversed by 20-HETE antagonism or miR-145-Adv delivery, whereas neutrophil depletion resulted in partial reversal (~70%). We conclude that low miR-145 in MetS allows for increased 20-HETE, mainly from neutrophils, which compromises endothelial cell survival and function leading to impaired CCG. 20-HETE antagonists could provide viable therapy for restoration of CCG in MetS.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Elevated 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) impairs coronary collateral growth (CCG) in metabolic syndrome by eliciting endothelial dysfunction and apoptosis via excessive neutrophil infiltration. 20-HETE antagonists completely restore coronary collateral growth in metabolic syndrome. microRNA-145 (miR-145) is an upstream regulator of 20-HETE production in metabolic syndrome; low expression of miR-145 in metabolic syndrome promotes elevated production of 20-HETE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Joseph
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Amanda Soler
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Rebecca Hutcheson
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Ian Hunter
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | | | - Brenda Hutcheson
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | | | - Houli Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - John R Falck
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; and
| | - Spencer Proctor
- Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases Laboratory, Alberta Institute for Human Nutrition, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Petra Rocic
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York;
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Finosh GT, Jayabalan M. Regenerative therapy and tissue engineering for the treatment of end-stage cardiac failure: new developments and challenges. BIOMATTER 2014; 2:1-14. [PMID: 23507781 DOI: 10.4161/biom.19429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Regeneration of myocardium through regenerative therapy and tissue engineering is appearing as a prospective treatment modality for patients with end-stage heart failure. Focusing on this area, this review highlights the new developments and challenges in the regeneration of myocardial tissue. The role of various cell sources, calcium ion and cytokine on the functional performance of regenerative therapy is discussed. The evolution of tissue engineering and the role of tissue matrix/scaffold, cell adhesion and vascularisation on tissue engineering of cardiac tissue implant are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- G T Finosh
- Polymer Science Division, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Kerala, India
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Krenz M, Baines C, Kalogeris T, Korthuis R. Cell Survival Programs and Ischemia/Reperfusion: Hormesis, Preconditioning, and Cardioprotection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4199/c00090ed1v01y201309isp044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Methods in cardiomyocyte isolation, culture, and gene transfer. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2011; 51:288-98. [PMID: 21723873 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2011.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 352] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2011] [Revised: 05/13/2011] [Accepted: 06/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Since techniques for cardiomyocyte isolation were first developed 35 years ago, experiments on single myocytes have yielded great insight into their cellular and sub-cellular physiology. These studies have employed a broad range of techniques including electrophysiology, calcium imaging, cell mechanics, immunohistochemistry and protein biochemistry. More recently, techniques for cardiomyocyte culture have gained additional importance with the advent of gene transfer technology. While such studies require a high quality cardiomyocyte population, successful cell isolation and maintenance during culture remain challenging. In this review, we describe methods for the isolation of adult and neonatal ventricular myocytes from rat and mouse heart. This discussion outlines general principles for the beginner, but also provides detailed specific protocols and advice for common caveats. We additionally review methods for short-term myocyte culture, with particular attention given to the importance of substrate and media selection, and describe time-dependent alterations in myocyte physiology that should be anticipated. Gene transfer techniques for neonatal and adult cardiomyocytes are also reviewed, including methods for transfection (liposome, electroporation) and viral-based gene delivery.
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