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Todorov P, Georgieva S, Peneva P, Rusew R, Shivachev B, Georgiev A. Experimental and theoretical study of bidirectional photoswitching behavior of 5,5′-diphenylhydantoin Schiff bases: synthesis, crystal structure and kinetic approaches. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj03301d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Herein, the synthesis and characterization of four novel 5,5′-diphenylhydantoin Schiff bases containing different aromatic species are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petar Todorov
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy
- Bulgaria
| | - Stela Georgieva
- Department of Analytical Chemistry
- University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy
- Bulgaria
| | - Petia Peneva
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy
- Bulgaria
- Institute of Mineralogy and Crystallography
- Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
| | - Rusi Rusew
- Institute of Mineralogy and Crystallography
- Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
- Bulgaria
| | - Boris Shivachev
- Institute of Mineralogy and Crystallography
- Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
- Bulgaria
| | - Anton Georgiev
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy
- Bulgaria
- Department of Optical Metrology and Holography
- Institute of Optical Materials and Technologies
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Schröder HV, Schalley CA. Electrochemically switchable rotaxanes: recent strides in new directions. Chem Sci 2019; 10:9626-9639. [PMID: 32110308 PMCID: PMC7020790 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc04118d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Are they still electrifying? Electrochemically switchable rotaxanes are well known for their ability to efficiently undergo changes of (co-)conformation and properties under redox-control. Thus, these mechanically interlocked assemblies represent an auspicious liaison between the fields of molecular switches and molecular electronics. Since the first reported example of a redox-switchable molecular shuttle in 1994, improved tools of organic and supramolecular synthesis have enabled sophisticated new architectures, which provide precise control over properties and function. This perspective covers recent advances in the area of electrochemically active rotaxanes including novel molecular switches and machines, metal-containing rotaxanes, non-equilibrium systems and potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik V Schröder
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie , Freie Universität Berlin , Takustr. 3 , 14195 Berlin , Germany .
| | - Christoph A Schalley
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie , Freie Universität Berlin , Takustr. 3 , 14195 Berlin , Germany .
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Abstract
Directed motion at the nanoscale is a central attribute of life, and chemically driven motor proteins are nature's choice to accomplish it. Motivated and inspired by such bionanodevices, in the past few decades chemists have developed artificial prototypes of molecular motors, namely, multicomponent synthetic species that exhibit directionally controlled, stimuli-induced movements of their parts. In this context, photonic and redox stimuli represent highly appealing modes of activation, particularly from a technological viewpoint. Here we describe the evolution of the field of photo- and redox-driven artificial molecular motors, and we provide a comprehensive review of the work published in the past 5 years. After an analysis of the general principles that govern controlled and directed movement at the molecular scale, we describe the fundamental photochemical and redox processes that can enable its realization. The main classes of light- and redox-driven molecular motors are illustrated, with a particular focus on recent designs, and a thorough description of the functions performed by these kinds of devices according to literature reports is presented. Limitations, challenges, and future perspectives of the field are critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Baroncini
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures , Istituto ISOF-CNR , via Gobetti 101 , 40129 Bologna , Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentari , Università di Bologna , viale Fanin 44 , 40127 Bologna , Italy
| | - Serena Silvi
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures , Istituto ISOF-CNR , via Gobetti 101 , 40129 Bologna , Italy.,Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician" , Università di Bologna , via Selmi 2 , 40126 Bologna , Italy
| | - Alberto Credi
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures , Istituto ISOF-CNR , via Gobetti 101 , 40129 Bologna , Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentari , Università di Bologna , viale Fanin 44 , 40127 Bologna , Italy
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Todorov PT, Peneva PN, Georgieva SI, Rusew RI, Shivachev BL, Georgiev AH. Photochromic and molecular switching behaviour of new Schiff bases containing hydantoin rings: synthesis, characterization and crystal structures. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj05748f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Five new Schiff bases containing hydantoin rings were synthesized and showed photochromic and molecular switching behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petar T. Todorov
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy
- 1756 Sofia
- Bulgaria
| | - Petia N. Peneva
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy
- 1756 Sofia
- Bulgaria
| | - Stela I. Georgieva
- Department of Analytical Chemistry
- University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy
- 1756 Sofia
- Bulgaria
| | - Rusi I. Rusew
- Institute of Mineralogy and Crystallography
- Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
- Sofia 1113
- Bulgaria
| | - Boris L. Shivachev
- Institute of Mineralogy and Crystallography
- Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
- Sofia 1113
- Bulgaria
| | - Anton H. Georgiev
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy
- 1756 Sofia
- Bulgaria
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Scottwell SØ, Crowley JD. Ferrocene-containing non-interlocked molecular machines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:2451-64. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc09569g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ferrocene is chemically robust and readily functionalized which enables its facile incorporation into more complex molecular systems. This coupled with ferrocene's reversible redox properties and ability to function as a “molecular ball bearing” has led to the use of ferrocene as a component in wide range of non-interlocked synthetic molecular machine systems.
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Le Poul N, Colasson B. Electrochemically and Chemically Induced Redox Processes in Molecular Machines. ChemElectroChem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201402399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Bruns CJ, Li J, Frasconi M, Schneebeli ST, Iehl J, Jacquot de Rouville HP, Stupp SI, Voth GA, Stoddart JF. An Electrochemically and Thermally Switchable Donor-Acceptor [c2]Daisy Chain Rotaxane. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201308498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Bruns CJ, Li J, Frasconi M, Schneebeli ST, Iehl J, Jacquot de Rouville HP, Stupp SI, Voth GA, Stoddart JF. An Electrochemically and Thermally Switchable Donor-Acceptor [c2]Daisy Chain Rotaxane. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:1953-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201308498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 11/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Tepper C, Haberhauer G. Artificial redox-driven directionally controlled switches as a basis for redox-driven molecular motors. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 19:1783-91. [PMID: 23146097 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.4740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE This review relates to artificial redox-driven molecular devices. The advantages of using very simple chemical building blocks for the bottom-up design of nanoleveled functional motors and the importance of the unidirectionality of a switching process for the development of redox-driven molecular motors are discussed. Furthermore, the crucial difference between artificial molecular switches and motors is explained. RECENT ADVANCES This review discusses few selected examples of redox-driven devices exhibiting partially complex-coupled movement sequences, which, however, due to the lack of an overall directionally controlled movement are not able to perform mechanical work on a molecular scale. Recent examples for redox-driven devices with at least one directionally controlled switching process as well as the proof for the unidirectionality of the switching process are presented. CRITICAL ISSUES The challenge in designing directionally controlled switches is the fact that during the switching process, a configuration (or conformation) must be changed reversibly. This crucial process can be a flip caused by the change of the coordination sphere of a metal ion, a rotation around a C-C single bond, or around a C-C double bond. FUTURE DIRECTIONS For future developments, we suggest designing artificial redox-based molecular motors in which the motion process of the presented directionally controlled switches are coupled with another switchable unit. The latter could also be switchable in a nondirected way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Tepper
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Duisburg-Essen , Essen, Germany
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Lomoth R. Redox-stimulated motion and bistability in metal complexes and organometallic compounds. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 19:1803-14. [PMID: 23145475 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.5054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Control over reversible changes to molecular structure forms the basis for artificial molecular machines that could eventually lead to the development of molecule-based nanotechnology. RECENT ADVANCES Particular applications in information storage and processing could emerge where the structural rearrangements give rise to bistability and molecular hysteresis effects. CRITICAL ISSUES Oxidation-state-dependent coordination and bonding preferences in transition metal complexes and organometallic compounds provide a versatile approach to the control of molecular motions by redox input, but so far, few structural motifs have been applied in redox-actuated molecular machines. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Further progress toward molecule-based nanoscale devices might be accomplished with molecular components derived from a wider range of structural themes and forms of molecular motion. Examples of redox-stimulated rearrangements in metal complexes and organometallic compounds are described that have been employed in molecular machines or could be considered for the design of new functional molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiner Lomoth
- Ångström Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Uppsala University , Uppsala, Sweden
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Fahrenbach AC, Zhu Z, Cao D, Liu WG, Li H, Dey SK, Basu S, Trabolsi A, Botros YY, Goddard WA, Stoddart JF. Radically Enhanced Molecular Switches. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:16275-88. [DOI: 10.1021/ja306044r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Albert C. Fahrenbach
- NanoCentury
KAIST Institute and
Graduate School of EEWS (WCU), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 373-1 Guseong Dong,
Yuseong Gu, Daejeon 305-701 Republic of Korea
| | | | - Dennis Cao
- NanoCentury
KAIST Institute and
Graduate School of EEWS (WCU), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 373-1 Guseong Dong,
Yuseong Gu, Daejeon 305-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Wei-Guang Liu
- Materials and Process Simulation
Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | | | | | | | - Ali Trabolsi
- Center for Science and Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab
Emirates
| | - Youssry Y. Botros
- Intel Laboratories, Building RNB-6-61, 2200 Mission College Blvd., Santa Clara, California
95054-1549, United States
- National Center for Nano Technology Research, King Abdulaziz City for
Science and Technology, P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Kingdom of Saudi
Arabia
| | - William A. Goddard
- NanoCentury
KAIST Institute and
Graduate School of EEWS (WCU), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 373-1 Guseong Dong,
Yuseong Gu, Daejeon 305-701 Republic of Korea
- Materials and Process Simulation
Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - J. Fraser Stoddart
- NanoCentury
KAIST Institute and
Graduate School of EEWS (WCU), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 373-1 Guseong Dong,
Yuseong Gu, Daejeon 305-701 Republic of Korea
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